1. Introduction
In ancient times, students were students. That is, scholars who have passed the examinations at all levels in the province and entered the prefecture, state, and county are known as students, commonly known as scholars, and also known as Zhusheng. Students are often supervised and assessed by local instructors (i.e. professors, academics, teachings, instructions, etc.) and academic administration (known as Xuedao).
2. Qualifications
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, students specifically referred to scholars in prefectures (or Zhili prefectures) and counties. They were the special names for scholars who studied the Four Books and Five Classics. To obtain this qualification, one must be admitted to the Xuedao or Tongzi Examination. Regardless of age, those who take the test as children are called children.
The protagonists Kong Yiji and Chen Shicheng in Lu Xun's novels "Kong Yiji" and "White Light" failed many times in the former Qing Dynasty. When they are old, they are still children, or laotongsheng. If you are admitted in all three examinations of the county, prefecture, and college, and enter the government school, state (Zhili Prefecture) school, or county school, you are called a student, and you are called a student, which is the common name of a scholar.
In addition to frequent visits to the school and supervision and assessment by academic officials, students must also undergo scientific examination selection (those who fail will have two opportunities to make up the exam for admission and admission) before they can participate in the current provincial examination ( Examinations held in various provinces, those who succeed are considered as candidates).
3. Classification of students
There are three types of students: those with the best grades are Linshan students, who have a certain quota and are provided with subsidies and daily necessities by the government. students; secondly, there are expanded students, who also have a certain number of places, and are candidates for Linshan students; newly "enrolled" students are called affiliated students, who are preparations for expanded students. Each year, students are promoted and demoted based on their performance in the Academic Affairs Examination.
Extended information
What are students called after they take the imperial examination?
1. Students can take the provincial examination
Ming and Qing Dynasties It is an examination held every three years in provincial capitals (including the capital). Because it is held in autumn and August, it is also called Qiuwei (闱, examination room). The examiner is appointed by the emperor. After the examination, the main and deputy lists are released. The person selected for the main list is called Juren, the first place is called Jie (jiè) Yuan, and the second to tenth place are called "Ya Yuan".
2. Candidates can participate in the joint examination
The examination was held every three years in the capital during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Because it was held in spring, it was also called Chunwei. The examination was presided over by the Ministry of Rites, and the emperor appointed presidents and vice-presidents. All candidates from various provinces and Imperial College supervisors could take the examination. Three hundred were admitted as tribute scholars, and the first was named Huiyuan.
3. Gongshi can participate in the palace examination
The palace examination is an examination conducted by the emperor, and tests questions. Those who participate in the palace examination are Gongshi, and those who win are collectively called Jinshi. The palace examination is divided into top three admissions. The first A is awarded the title of Jinshi, the second A is the Jinshi background, and the third A is the same Jinshi background. Three people are admitted to the first class, the first is commonly known as the number one scholar, the second is commonly known as the second, and the third is commonly known as the third flower, collectively known as Sanding A. The second and first place is commonly known as Chuanlu.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Imperial Examination System
Baidu Encyclopedia - Students