Born in new york. My father was engaged in import business, and his business was prosperous at first, and then he went bankrupt./kloc-0 died in 832, leaving his wife and children (later moved to Albany, new york). With the help of relatives, barely make ends meet. Melville used to work and teach in a bank. Before taking the whaling ship Akoosh Nite to the South Pacific in 184 1 year. I once worked as a ship's waiter in Liverpool. 1842, he abandoned the ship and fled to marquesas island, met a savage who ate people, and later left the islands by an Australian whaling ship. Later, he traveled to Tahiti and Honolulu for a period of time, and returned to the United States on a USS America in 1844 with a fast sail. He began to write according to his sailing experience: Typee, 1846) and Omoo, 1847, and both of them were very popular. Maldi, 1849), braise in soy sauce (1849), white coat (1850 >), Moby dick (1850). Among them, McGrady is confusing, Moby dick is unpopular, and Pilcher is out and out. Later, he gradually gave up his writing career, but he also completed several short stories, six of which were included in Piazza Tales (1856), and the other two novels, Israel Potter (1855) and Convicted Man (665). Then he turned to writing poems, most of which were privately published, including the long poem Claire (Claire, 1876). From 1866 to 1885, he worked as a customs inspector in new york; Finally, he retired and spent the rest of his life peacefully. A few months before his death, he wrote Billy Budd, which was not published until 1924.
Mark? Mark Twain, whose original name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835- 19 10). Born in Florida, Missouri, he is a famous American humorist in the19th century.
Due to poor family circumstances, Mark? Twain did not receive a complete education. He worked as a compositor, sailor and miner. During the American Civil War, he moved to Nevada and California. He once joined the gold rush and engaged in stock trading. Later, he worked as a reporter in a border newspaper and took the title "Mark? Twain published an article under a pseudonym. After 1872, I mainly wrote and gave public lectures in various places.
His articles are humorous, concise and full of wit, with strong American flavor, which is very popular among people. In particular, he is good at writing life documentary adventure stories to satirize the social phenomenon of worshipping falsehood and pursuing material things at that time. He wrote many works in his life, including The Adventures of Tom, The Wandering of an urchin, The Famous Jumping Frog of Karaoui Lars, A Journey of Fools, The Gilded Age, The Prince and the Beggar, Life on the Mississippi River, The Diary of Adam and Eve, etc.
Pound
Pound (1885- 1972) is the main initiator of the Imagist Movement. After World War I, he moved to Paris. During World War II, he openly supported fascism. After the war, he was arrested by the US military and sent back to the mainland for trial. Later, because the doctor proved that he was insane, Hemingway, Frost and other celebrities talked about it one after another, and he was put in a mental hospital. 1958, Pound ended his imprisonment in a mental hospital for 12 years and returned to live in Italy until his death. His major works are Mask (1909), Counter-Terrorism Elite (19 12), Sacrifice (19 16) and Hugh Silverman Maubere.
surname
Thomas Stearns Eliot
1888- 1965
[UK]
Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888- 1965) is an English and American poet, playwright and critic. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, his ancestral home is England. My father is a bricklayer and my mother is a poet. From 65438 to 0906, Eliot entered Harvard University to study philosophy and English and French literature, and embarked on the road of symbolic poetry creation. 19 10 went to Paris to study philosophy and literature at the University of Sol. 19 13, teaching assistant, Department of Philosophy, Harvard University. 19 14, went to Oxford University in London to study Greek philosophy. Soon married and settled in England, worked as a teacher, bank clerk and magazine editor. 1922, Standards of Literary Criticism Quarterly was published. 1926, lecturer, Oxford University. 1927, joining the British nationality and the state religion. 1952, director of London Library. 1965 is dead.
Eliot began to write poems from 1909. Pruefer Locke's Love Song (19 17), Poetry (19 19), The Wasteland (1922) and Eliot's Poetry (/kloc) have been published successively. Among them, Pruefer Locke's Love Song is a masterpiece of early poetry; The Wasteland, produced in the middle of creation, is an epoch-making work of western literature in the 20th century and a milestone of modernist poetry. Quartet is a masterpiece of late poetry.
After 1930s, Eliot devoted his main energy to poetic drama creation. His major works include Murder of the Cathedral (1935), Family Reunion (1539), Cocktail Party (1950), Confidential Secretary (1954) and Political Veteran.
Eliot is also one of the founders of New Criticism in Britain and America. His major works are Tradition and Individual Talent (19 17), Poets of Metaliterature School (192 1), The Role of Criticism (1923), The Effect of Poetry and Criticism, etc.
Eliot claimed to be a royalist in politics, an English Catholic in religion and a classicist in literature. His cultural thought belongs to the category of neo-scholasticism and monasticism, and he advocates taking religion as the political and cultural center and saving the civilization crisis of western capitalism with "religious revival". Eliot's literary creation and critical works played a pioneering role in British and American modernist literature and new critical theory in the 20th century. He was known as the "master of modern literary criticism" and once became a leading figure in British and American poetry circles.
1948, Eliot won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his outstanding contribution and pioneering role in contemporary poetry.
Ernest miller hemingway (1899— 196 1) is an American novelist. 1899 was born in a doctor's family near Chicago, 1954 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. He participated in the First World War, then worked as a journalist in Europe, and participated in the Second World War and the Spanish Civil War as a journalist. Suffering from various diseases and depression in his later years, he committed suicide in 196 1 year. His early novels The Sun Also Rises (1927) and A Farewell to Arms (1927) have become the main representative works of the "lost generation" in America.
In 1930s and 1940s, he created an image of an anti-fascist fighter who got rid of confusion and pessimism, fought bravely for the people's interests and died fearlessly, as well as the novel For whom the bell tolls. In 1950s, Santiago was portrayed as a "tough guy image" (masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea 1950) that "you can destroy him, but you can't beat him". Hemingway is the spiritual monument of the American nation.
The 1920s was the early period of Hemingway's literary creation. He wrote In Our Time, Spring Tide, A Man Without Women, and novels The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, etc. During this period, just as the western world behind the social collapse degenerated into the wasteland as Eliot saw, the novel The Sun Also Rises tells the life scenes of a group of young people living in postwar Europe and the profound changes in their spiritual world. Jack Barnes, the hero of the novel, is an American journalist, and the war destroyed his sexual ability. He fell in love with an English nurse, Brett Ashley, and she fell in love with him, but they couldn't be together.
Robert Cohen, an American writer, has many false and romantic fantasies about life. He also falls in love with Brett, but she doesn't like him. This group of young people, after vicissitudes of life, roamed the European continent after the war, doing nothing all day, drinking, quarreling or fighting. The war took away their loved ones and left them with physical and mental wounds. They are extremely disgusted with war, have doubts about justice and traditional values, and are bored, confused and depressed about life. The novel condemns the war from a unique angle and is anti-war. This novel has become a masterpiece of the "lost generation" literary school because it describes the confusion of a generation.
A Farewell to Arms is Hemingway's masterpiece. Taking the anti-imperialist war as the theme, he revealed the historical reasons for the emergence of the "lost generation" and accused the war of destroying people's ideals and happiness, hurting people's hearts and ruining millions of innocent lives. This work reveals the basic characteristics of Hemingway's prose style and "modern narrative art". The plot of the work is simple and pure, the language is unpretentious, the sentences are short and concise, and the environmental description realizes the blending of scenes.
In the 1940s, according to his experiences and impressions in Africa, he wrote Green Hills in Africa, Snow in Kilimanjaro, and published The Short Happiness of Francis Ma Bei. 1932 The publication of Death in the Afternoon praised the famous saying of American architect Rodwig that "less is better", which made the works more refined, shortened the distance between the works and the readers, and put forward the "iceberg principle", which only expressed one-eighth of things, making the works full, implicit and intriguing.
From 65438 to 0939, Hemingway wrote the famous novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, which is an important work connecting the past and the future. It wrote a touching story. Robert Jordan, a volunteer of the international column, died to cooperate with the guerrilla bombing of the bridge. This work is one of the most thoughtful works in Hemingway's mid-term creation. To some extent, it overcame and got rid of loneliness, confusion and crying, and integrated itself into society, showing the lofty spirit of dedication to the just cause.
After World War II, Hemingway's creation entered the later stage, and his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea won the Nobel Prize in Literature of 1954 for its courage in the "real world full of violence and death". Hemingway's life-long creation left a glorious page in the history of modern literature. He used his own experience to expose the hypocrisy of the authorities and the cruelty of reality, portrayed the confusion of the younger generation in the United States, and his works were full of love for the working people, which made realism gain new glory in the open and inclusive exploration of artistic creation!
William Faulkner
William Faulkner
1897- 1962
[United States]
William faulkner (1897- 1962), an American writer, was born in a manor house in New Albany, Mississippi, USA, and his family declined after the Civil War.
During World War I, Faulkner served in the Air Force. After the war, he entered the university, then engaged in various occupations and began to write. After the publication of The Remuneration of Soldiers (1926), Faulkner was listed as a "lost generation", but soon parted ways with them. After the publication of Salaris (1929), Faulkner's creation reached its peak. He found that "a place the size of a hometown stamp is worth writing, but I'm afraid it will never be finished." With this belief, he weaved 19 novels and more than 70 short stories in The York Napa Collapse Family, which reflected the social reality from the eve of the American War of Independence to the Second World War through the rise and fall of aristocratic families in the south, and traumatized the "human comedy" in the 20th century. The Sound and Fury and As I Lay Dying (1930), The Temple (193 1), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom (/.
Faulkner's major works in his later period include Village (1940), Intruder (1948), Fable (1954), Small Town (1957) and Mansion (660). There are also short stories, plays and poems.
Although Faulkner was an important writer in the southern United States, his works were not taken seriously at that time. It was not until malcolm cowley, a famous American literary critic, edited the pocket edition of Faulkner's anthology and wrote a famous preface at 1946 that Faulkner attracted attention in the literary world. Especially the appreciation of Sartre, Marlowe and others made Faulkner famous.
Influenced by Freud, Faulkner boldly experimented with violence, murder and sexual perversion by means of stream of consciousness, counterpoint structure and symbolic metaphor. His works are varied and confusing, and readers have to make great efforts to feel their unique aesthetic taste.
1949, Faulkner won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his powerful and unparalleled artistic contribution to contemporary American novels.