? Treat each other honestly? On the aid resources given to South Korea, China posted the famous Korean poet Hsu Yun's? Treat each other with sincerity, curling reflects the cold moon? Poetry itself also reflects the long-standing cultural ties between China and the Korean Peninsula, contains historical anecdotes about the exchanges between the people of China and North Korea, and expresses the feelings of neighbors who are still in the same boat today.
Xu Jun (1569- 16 18), whose real name is Duanfu, is Jiao Shan, Xingzuo, Heshan and Baiyue layman. People often compare it with Li Zhi. But as far as their family background is concerned, both father and son are top scholars, almost comparable to Su Shi in the Song Dynasty? Susan? Yes At a certain point, it may even be the envy of Su Shi. We have been circulating the legend that Su Xiaomei, a talented woman, appeared in the Qin Dynasty three times, but this is more likely to be a literary interpretation. Xu Mei (Xu Jingfan, word) is a real figure in history. Her poem name is a household name in China, which caused a sensation in the government and the public, and made the gentry in Beijing scramble to read her poem "Wandering Immortal" and attracted many aristocratic families to copy it.
In the twenty-seventh year of Xuanzu of Korea (1594), Kao Wenke of Xu Jun became the official counselor of Zuo. He has written many works, such as Manuscripts of Xing Fu, Records of Leisure, abridged Poems, Biography of Hong Ji Tong, etc. The Story of Hong Jitong is the first proverb novel in Korean history, which was remake into a TV series a few years ago and became all the rage. As a well-known scholar in North Korea, Xu Yun made many missions to the Ming Dynasty, and also served as a diplomat in North Korea and received envoys from the Ming Dynasty. Among them, the people of China and South Korea are most interested in his contacts with Ming Dynasty scholar Wu Mingji. The materials donated from China are accompanied by a farewell poem "Send Wu Congjun home". The full text is:
State-owned Chinese and foreign countries are different, and so are heaven and man in summer.
We are all brothers when we go ashore, so why should we part with each other?
Treat each other with sincerity, curling reflects the cold moon.
Leaning on jade makes me feel dirty, and spitting beads makes you beautiful.
Being a dragon for a long time is a parting tactic.
Guanhe road is full of dangers, and the autumn suburbs are hot.
This is a cautious trip, so don't stop.
Dongchuang is still fighting, and Haiao is bleeding every day.
Lianzi must be raw, but Qin lost his tongue.
Don't be disrespectful to Jiuyi, be considerate of the strong man.
Wu in the poem is Wu Mingji, a native of Huiji, Zhejiang. During the Wanli period of the Ming dynasty, he served as Xu Guanlan's aide and joined the Ming army to help the latter settle down? What is the mess? . After Wu Mingji went to North Korea, he not only assisted in military affairs, but also saw the prosperity of local literature. His poems are quite extraordinary, and he is worried that he will be extinct in the war, but at the same time he regrets? Yesterday, Zhou Guan received poems, but the three Hans did not; The master's deletion of poems is not as good as that of Sanhan, which is far from it. So I encouraged myself by Confucius' revision of The Book of Songs, and began to collect and revise Selected Poems of Korea. Selected Poems of Korea is the first Korean poetry anthology edited by China people, which has a far-reaching influence on the development of Chinese and Korean literature. And Xu Yun was the biggest helper in this matter and was invited to preface the book.
Xu Yun and Wu Mingji fell in love at first sight, indicating that they have known each other for a long time. In their poems, Xu Yun called Wu Mingji the number one scholar in liberal arts and praised his character and talent, while Wu Mingji praised him as the number one scholar. At first, when Wu Mingji first arrived in North Korea, he lived in Xu Guanlan's military tent or inn, which brought inconvenience to visitors and made them often disappear for a day, as if they were separated from Sanqiu. Xu Yun's "Mr. Woods Fish in Cambodia" expresses this friendship incisively and vividly, saying: The desolate door of the wild pavilion was half open, and the moon shadow lingered in the curtain. Dewbugs prefer to weave in Lin Qiu. Will an old friend come tonight? Zhao Shixiu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote this poem. Mei Huang Shi, every family was flooded by rain, and the pond was covered with green grass and frogs. Make an appointment not to come over at midnight and knock off the snuff? The meaning, as well as the feeling of waiting, expectation and anxiety, is almost full of overflowing paper. Similarly, Wu Mingji did the same. He reported to Xu Guanlan four times in a row and asked to move out. Finally, Xu Guanlan finally agreed under his constant polishing. After Wu Mingji got what he wanted, he directly lived in Xu Yunfeng's house.
In this way, in the days of Qi Fei War and literature, Xu Yun and Wu Mingji forged a deep friendship. So, in? Chaos in Chen Chen? Slightly flat, when Wu Mingji was going back to China, Xu Yun wrote this famous farewell poem. According to the poem, under the sky, mountains and rivers are different from each other, but people do not distinguish between China and the world. Because China and South Korea belong to the same language and species, they all live in the cultural circle of Chinese characters and have the same cultural background, so there is no difference between them. After that, I used several historical allusions of China in succession. Treat each other with sincerity, curling reflects the cold moon? A sentence is transferred from the Historical Records of Sima Qian in the Han Dynasty. Huaiyin Hou Chuan? Love your heart and lose your courage? And Wang Changling's "Lotus Inn and Xinjian Break Up" in the Tang Dynasty? Relatives and friends in Luoyang asked each other, is a piece of Bing Xin in the jade pot? Such as famous sentences, and to show that brotherhood is deep. Since then, I feel that time flies and the day of parting comes unexpectedly, but everything will be over, and I only wish Yu Zi a safe journey. At the end of the poem, he expresses that the situation in North Korea has not completely turned the corner. He hopes that Yu Zi will show his affection to the Ming Emperor and continue to help him, and he will continue to work hard.
? Is the picture of Sino-Indian friendship in China's aid to India written by Master Xuanzang? Inline flows eastward, and the west trees for thousands of years. . Xuanzang is a world-famous monk, Buddhist, philosopher, traveler and translator. He is the embodiment of Sino-Indian friendship and a world cultural celebrity. His poems are vivid testimony to the history of Sino-Indian friendship.
The most famous story about Xuanzang's life is that he went to India to learn from the scriptures. After returning to China, with the support of Emperor Taizong, he presided over the translation of Buddhist scriptures. Although Xuanzang translated many classics, there were not many literary creations, especially handed down works. Fortunately, in the last century, we found some materials in Dunhuang documents. Dunhuang document S373 was copied by signature? Datang Sanzang? Although there have been academic cases about five poems written by the author, people are still willing to believe this. Datang Sanzang? It's Master Xuanzang. Among these five poems, two are about domestic travel, and three are about experiences when traveling in India. One of them is "Seven Words of Tiannilian River", and the full text is:
The Nile flows eastward,
Once bathed in gold, the human body is soft.
Since then, whoever landed on the other side,
Look at the Millennium Buddha Tree in the West.
This poem should have been written by Xuanzang when he first arrived in Inline River. Nilian River, now called Pargu River, is a tributary of Ganges River. According to legend, Sakyamuni bathed in this river and later became a Buddha under the western bodhi tree not far from here. Bodhi Dojo, located in Gaya, Bihar, India, is one of the four holy places of Buddhism in the world.
Xuanzang has been in India for more than ten years from Datang. It took a long time, first of all, because it was also his mental journey, the whole journey? Go all the way, learn all the way? . According to The biography of Master Sanzang, every time Xuanzang passes through a country, he will visit famous local monks to learn relevant classics and theories, and it also happens from time to time, and he will stay for about a year. In addition, the long journey and difficulties are also objective reasons. Xuanzang wrote a book "The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang" about the way to learn from the scriptures, and The Journey to the West in later generations was a supernatural novel based on his deeds of learning from the scriptures. Although the journey to learn from the scriptures is not as experienced as that written by the latter? Eighty-one is difficult? But the difficulties and obstacles are indeed very imaginable. Xuanzang finally arrived at the sacred place in his heart after thousands of difficulties and dangers, and was naturally filled with emotion, so he wrote this poem.
The poem says that the Nile flows eastward, and the dead are already in it, day and night? Golden man? . ? Golden man? It is the accusation of Sakyamuni Buddha. Is there any chance that Buddhism will be introduced into China? Golden Dream, White Horse Camel Sutra? Allusions. "Once"? When "Biography of the Western Regions" described Tianzhu, it mentioned? It is said that Emperor dreamed of a golden man who grew up and had a bright roof, and asked his minister. Or:? There is a god in the west named Buddha, who is six feet long and golden in color. ? The emperor then sent messengers to Tianzhu to ask Buddhism and Taoism. . That is what Emperor Han Ming once dreamed of? Golden man? Tall and solemn, he asked the ministers where the gods were, and some ministers told him that they were from the West. Buddha? So Ming Di sent eighteen people, including Cai Cheng, to India to seek dharma. After all the hardships, Cai Cheng and his party got the scriptures and rode back to Luoyang on a white horse. Therefore, Emperor Han Ming established the White Horse Temple as the original official Dojo and translation field.
Xuanzang said that the Nilian River bathed Sakyamuni, which made him physically and mentally clean and finally boarded? The other shore? . Here? The other shore? Pun intended, not only refers to Sakyamuni's landing after bathing in the realistic nylon river, but also refers to Buddhism? The world? In the past, he fled the suffering of the world and boarded? Pure land? . At the same time, the poem also asks, after Sakyamuni's enlightenment, is there anyone who wins his realm? The bodhi tree in the west has been swaying for thousands of years, but it is never lonely. People from afar will always stay here to meditate.
Coincidentally, according to Cien Biography, Xuanzang happened to be a monk when he first came under the bodhi tree? Xie Xia? Therefore, thousands of people gather near and far. In Buddhist tradition, monks and nuns should live in temples for three months from April 15th of the lunar calendar. Summer? . The date of successful completion is called. Xie Xia? At that time, when the summer is over and the autumn wind is cool, monks will gather in the Dharma Hall to share their experiences of practicing behind closed doors. In the local area of Nielian River, Bodhi Dojo will undoubtedly be the place where monks gather the most. So Xuanzang stayed here for eight or nine days, praying with everyone one by one, arguing endlessly and being shocked. On the tenth day, Nalanduo Temple sent four eminent monks and great virtues to meet them, and Xuanzang accompanied them to reach the western destination. Since then, Xuanzang has continued to travel, practice and give lectures in India for more than ten years, making him famous. After returning to China, he refused the great secular temptation given by Emperor Taizong and devoted himself to translating the classics, which promoted the in-depth cultural exchanges between China and China and made great contributions to the development of Indian culture.
? Sea of clouds Asahi? China attached a poem presented by Li Rihua in Ming Dynasty to Italian missionary Matteo Ricci as aid to Italy. The sea of clouds swings in the morning sun, and the spring scenery is all over the world? . This can be said to be a beautiful picture in the history of Sino-European civilization exchange, with daily life in the Ming Dynasty and romance across time and space.
Li Rihua (1565- 1635), a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, was a scholar in the 22nd year of Wanli (1592). At first, he served as the magistrate of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province and the magistrate of Ruichang County. Later, he was slandered and transferred to Tongzhou, Ruzhou, Henan Province, and then transferred to Xihua County. In the meantime, his mother died and Ding You was at home, so he used this to raise his father at home for more than ten years. When he became an official again, he held an official position in Nanjing and resigned to support his father in his hometown. After his father's death, after the funeral, he became Bao Chengsi, a minister of the Ministry of Rites. After that, he played Chen Zheng's affairs in the court, and was promoted to Taibu Temple. Finally, after finishing an errand, I resigned again and went back to the office. He is the author of Tian Ji and so on. Judging from his life experience, he is indifferent and uncontroversial. At the same time, he is very proficient in painting, calligraphy and literature, and has a collection of tens of thousands of volumes. The Biography of Wen Yuan records that he had close contacts with Dong Qichang and Wang Weijian. What the world calls a natural history gentleman? .
Li Rihua should have known Matteo Ricci when he was working in Jiangxi in the 25th year of Wanli (1597). Matteo Ricci showed him many things he had never seen before? Foreign body? , two people also carried out? Joking? , is a vast mountains and rivers, covering western customs, politics, religion, astronomy, as well as Matteo Ricci's experience in China and his future plans. Li Rihua was moved by his deeds and spirit, so he wrote this song "To Matteo Ricci, a Western Power". The full text is:
The sea of clouds swayed in the morning light, and the wind made Xia Zi.
It's 60,000 miles to the west and lonely to the east.
The floating world is like mail, and you live everywhere.
It was like a dream, with spring everywhere.
Li Rihua recorded his association with Matteo Ricci and the background of writing this poem in Zi Tao Xuan Zatie, which can be said to be an excellent footnote. During the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty in Shu Yun, Matteo Ricci sailed with ten men to China. The delegation traveled more than 60,000 miles, passing through more than a thousand countries, reaching Vietnam in six years, and then turning to Guangdong. After arriving in Lingnan, other companions fell ill and died one after another because they did not adapt to the local hot and humid climate. Only Matteo Ricci survived and lived there for more than 20 years, knowing China's language and writing like the back of his hand, and perhaps speaking Cantonese. Li Rihua said? Ma dou is purple and blue-eyed, and his face is like a peach blossom. When people worship him, people love him and believe that he is a good man. .
Matteo Ricci showed a glass screen, an hourglass of goose eggs, biblical classics, etc? Foreign body? . Li Rihua was interested in exquisite hourglasses and books, and recorded their characteristics in detail. The former is like a goose egg, but there is sand in it, which can be reversed back and forth, which can repeatedly leak sand, and the function can calculate the time. Western classic books are inlaid with gold treasures, and paper is like a beauty's muscle. On closer inspection, it is made of bark peculiar to this country.
In addition, through chatting, Li Rihua learned? Daxi is 60,000 miles west of China. The place name is Ouhai? There are many rhinos such as tigers and leopards in the local area. People hunt for a living, but there are also crops such as rice, wheat, vegetables and shavings. ? Literature is an organic whole, I don't know that there is Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and all saints in the country are religious. God thinks that the Lord of protozoa also has temples and temples? . Politically, the country has three masters, one is education, the other is accounting, and the other is listening. Everyone is afraid of the deaf, only education and accounting respect each other. That is, its central organization is standing on three legs, but with? The deaf and dumb are headed by the Pope, and there are teachers and tax collectors in charge of specific education at all levels. At the same time, it is pointed out that although the Pope monopolizes power, it is not hereditary and must be promoted by the people and held by respected people. Therefore, when people are in power, they are generally old and tired of dealing with all kinds of chores, which people do not envy. These are slightly different from European politics in real history, and more like the pattern of Roman papal States. It is estimated that Matteo Ricci tricked Li Rihua into taking the Vatican as the central institution in Europe, and constructed a political picture comparable to the palace system of Emperor China.
Of course, what interests Li Rihua most is the western countries' views on astronomy. It is said that the principle of everything in heaven and earth is different from that in China. It is said that there are 32 floors in the sky, and the ground is suspended on all sides, which can accommodate people. The sun is bigger than the earth, and the earth is bigger than the moon. There is a gap in the highest place on the earth, and the sun and the moon travel. If appropriate, it is only eaten for shade. The five-star height is different, the fire is the highest, the water is the lowest, the soil in the middle of Jin Mu is uneven, and the trip on Sunday is delayed? . The relevant viewpoints were obviously different from the mainstream astronomy in China at that time, but Li Rihua did not make a gaffe of being shocked and denouncing absurdity after listening to it. Instead, he pointed out? What he said is based on the picture, which is also very useful? , showing the open spirit and knowledge structure of China scholars at that time.
Li Rihua is called Matteo Ricci? Those who learn from afar? He was in his fifties, but his face looked like he was in his twenties and thirties. This may be because westerners and China people have different physical characteristics and good health care. Matteo Ricci roamed from a distant western power to China. Isn't it a plan anymore? ,? He really takes heaven and earth as steps, and life and death are dreams. Is it strange to be depressed compared with the coming of grinding quicksand? So poetry is given by the emotional department.
This poem describes that western powers and China are separated by the ocean. Matteo Ricci, not afraid of the vast sea and vast smoke waves, resolutely went to the east where Chaoyang was located and rode away. More than 60,000 miles all the way, a lone boat, only Xia Zi's company, but he is interested in it, and he never tires of watching it. After coming to Middle-earth, the mountains and rivers are strange and the phenology is strange, but life was originally sent to the world temporarily (Taoist thought is used here). As long as you live a stable life, it is your hometown. Therefore, he never dreamed of returning to China, but integrated into this exotic spring scenery, spent his life, cultivated his own Tao, and taught himself.
Judging from Li Rihua's description and poems, he and Matteo Ricci also hit it off. He himself doesn't think Matteo Ricci's view is whimsical or absurd, but rationally understands and discriminates. At the same time, Matteo Ricci's monastic life can be understood in the spirit of Taoism and Confucianism, and even empathize with each other. In fact, it also represents the spirit of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty and their understanding and acceptance of the world outside China. Compared with the complacency and shallow cognition of the scholars in the Qing Dynasty, it is really a mess. At the same time, from Matteo Ricci's point of view, his difficulty in coming to China can be said to be the prelude to the spread of western learning to the east, which promoted the exchanges between Chinese and European civilizations. The Great General Geographic Map of Ming Dynasty, which he collaborated with Li Zhizao, is still a national treasure and is also of great significance in the history of world civilization exchange.
A poem, a history, a love. In fact, China's poems sent to South Korea, India and Italy are like the epitome of China's international cultural exchange history, which respectively represent the influence of Chinese civilization on East Asia, the exchange between China and India, and the long-standing cultural exchange between China and Europe. These three can also represent the intersection of three historical periods and three forms of civilization. As for the present, these poems also show that the current anti-epidemic is not a matter of a country, but a major human event under the globalization pattern. ? Community of human destiny? , it comes from.