Ginseng is a precious medicinal material with world influence and a well-known nourishing treasure. Ginseng, as a nourishing Chinese medicine, has been used in China for at least 2,000 years, and has been highly praised by traditional Chinese medicine. China's first pharmaceutical classic, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, records that ginseng has the effects of "nourishing the five internal organs, calming the mind, calming the soul, stopping convulsion, eliminating evil spirits, improving eyesight, making people happy, improving intelligence and prolonging life".
Meridian tropism, efficacy and indications of ginseng
Ginseng is sweet and slightly bitter, and belongs to spleen, lung and heart meridian. Has the effects of invigorating spleen, benefiting lung, promoting salivation, quenching thirst, calming nerves and improving intelligence. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that primordial qi is the most fundamental and important qi of human body. No vitality, weak body, weakness of limbs, and even collapse shock. Ginseng has the function of invigorating qi. In ancient times, large doses (30-50g) of ginseng were often used to treat patients with qi deficiency shock, and good results were achieved, so it was called "resurrection". Middle-aged and elderly people who are weak, weak in limbs, mentally tired, flustered, short of breath and lazy to move can take L ~ 2 grams of ginseng every day to nourish their bodies, which can play a very good therapeutic role. Ginseng enters the spleen and lung meridian, which has the function of invigorating spleen and lung qi. According to Chinese medicine, the spleen governs the transport and transformation, is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food, and transforms the essence of food into qi and blood for human application. The lung governs the respiration of Qi Department, and is responsible for human respiration and gas exchange. Deficiency of spleen-qi leads to dereliction of duty, poor digestion and absorption of food, and insufficient biochemistry of qi and blood, so there are symptoms such as loss of appetite, abdominal distension, fatigue and fatigue; Deficiency of lung qi leads to shortness of breath and fatigue, while linkage leads to shortness of breath. Ginseng has the function of invigorating spleen and lung, and has a good effect on the treatment of spleen-lung deficiency syndrome in middle-aged and elderly people.
Ginseng has the effect of promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, and can treat hyperhidrosis and thirst caused by high fever. Ginseng also has the function of treating diabetes. Diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine is not exactly the same as diabetes in modern medicine, but there are similarities. Modern medical research has also confirmed that ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide or glycopeptide have obvious hypoglycemic effect, which is beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. Ginseng also has the function of calming the nerves and improving intelligence. When used alone, it can treat insomnia, dreaminess, fright and amnesia. Modern medical research has confirmed that ginseng can promote learning and memory. The elderly can obviously improve their memory function after taking ginseng preparation, which is significantly different from that of the group without taking ginseng preparation. Some scholars abroad have also confirmed that taking ginseng can enhance people's learning, memory and reaction ability, improve work efficiency and reduce mistakes. Swedish scholars gave ginseng to some students for a period of time before the exam, and as a result, the test scores of students who took ginseng were significantly improved. Taking ginseng by mental workers can make people concentrate and think clearly. A large number of animal experiments have also proved that ginseng can obviously improve the learning and memory ability of animals.
Sun-dried ginseng has a flat property, that is, it is not hot or cold, and its nourishing effect is relatively mild, while red ginseng has a warm property and strong nourishing effect, so it should be selectively used in treatment or nourishing. If treating Yuan Qi deficiency, spleen and lung qi deficiency and other syndromes, red ginseng should be selected, because of its strong nourishing effect and mild medicinal properties, which is more suitable for invigorating qi and strengthening the body. When thirsty, insomnia, forgetfulness, it is advisable to choose raw ginseng with mild medicinal properties. Middle-aged and elderly people should also pay attention to the selection of ginseng varieties when they are used for nourishing. When they have severe mental fatigue symptoms and feel weak and afraid of cold, they should choose red ginseng. Sun-dried ginseng should be used when there are only symptoms of mental fatigue and there is no feeling of cold.
Modern medical research on ginseng
Modern medical research has confirmed that the main effective component of ginseng is ginsenoside, which can be divided into three types, namely panaxadiol saponin, panaxatriol saponin and saponin with oleanolic acid as aglycone. Other chemical components include ginseng polysaccharides, polypeptides, flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, vitamins and trace elements. Pharmacological research has proved that ginseng has many pharmacological effects: delaying aging, improving the growth and proliferation of human cells and prolonging cell life. Ginseng can prolong the life span of the whole animal and improve the physical appearance of aging animals. Bing dressed the pathological changes of aging as an umbilical perfusion device. Antioxidant research in recent years has confirmed that human and animal aging is related to various diseases and oxidative damage to various organs and cells by free radicals in the body, so antioxidation is considered as one of the important links to delay aging. Ginseng can inhibit lipid peroxidation in various organs, remove free radicals harmful to human body, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the damage of free radicals to body tissues.
Improving the adaptability of the elderly is an important manifestation of the aging of the elderly, that is, the adaptability declines and the changes in the external environment cannot be tolerated. For example, the mental stimulation of adverse events in daily life, cold or hot climate and heavy physical labor may have little impact on young and middle-aged people, but they often make the elderly sick. Ginseng can improve the endurance and adaptability of the elderly. Ginseng has the functions of regulating the immune system, enhancing the function of immune cells and improving the body's disease resistance. Ginseng contains many kinds of saponins, ginseng polysaccharides and other anti-tumor components, and its mechanism is mainly related to enhancing immune function. Taking ginseng during radiotherapy and chemotherapy for tumor patients can not only enhance the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but also reduce its side effects.
Influence on endocrine system and substance metabolism The stability of human internal environment depends on two regulatory systems, namely, nervous system and endocrine system. Ginseng can regulate not only the nervous system, but also the endocrine system. Ginseng can delay the decline of endocrine function and substance metabolism caused by aging and enhance the vitality of the body. Ginseng has a cardiotonic effect on cardiovascular system, which can enhance myocardial contractility, increase cardiac output and coronary blood flow, resist arrhythmia, resist myocardial ischemic injury and protect myocardium. Ginseng can also inhibit platelet aggregation, prevent thrombosis and improve hemorheology.
Ginseng can promote the hematopoietic function of bone marrow, promote the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid in bone marrow, and increase the number of nucleated cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells in blood. Clinical studies have also observed that ginseng has a good effect on anemia and aplastic anemia, and can increase the number of red blood cells and platelets in patients' blood, with a significantly higher heme content. Hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerosis ginseng can reduce the content of total cholesterol and triglyceride in blood. Studies by some foreign scholars have confirmed that the effect of ginseng on lowering blood cholesterol is related to its inhibition of cholesterol absorption in gastrointestinal tract, increasing the speed of cholesterol excretion from bile to feces, and removing cholesterol from plasma. Ginseng can also effectively prevent and treat fatty liver and atherosclerosis by lowering blood lipid.
Application of ginseng
The commonly used dose of ginseng for treating diseases is 5 ~ 10g, but when it is used for health care, the dose is small, generally L ~ 2g. Only long-term use can achieve better effects of strengthening the body and delaying aging.
How to take ginseng
Ginseng is called "longevity treasure" in China and "panacea" abroad, which shows that its health care effect has been recognized by scholars at home and abroad. However, it is particularly important to remind that the dose of ginseng can be larger when it is used to treat diseases, and the maximum dose can reach 30 ~ 50 grams when it is used to treat shock patients. For example, Shen Du decoction is effective in treating qi deficiency syndrome, but it should be taken in small doses for a long time for health care. Clinical observation has proved that taking 1 ~ 2g ginseng every day for a long time does have the function of strengthening physique, improving disease resistance and prolonging life. Here are several ways to take low-dose ginseng for long-term health care:
"Put ginseng slices or ginseng whiskers directly into your mouth. If the sugar melts slowly, chew it when there is no ginseng flavor. This method is a common method of taking ginseng in Qing court. For example, Emperor Qianlong often took ginseng, with a life span of 89 years, making him the longest-lived emperor in the history of China.
Tea service: cut ginseng into thin slices or cut ginseng whiskers into small pieces, brew with boiling water instead of tea, and chew ginseng residue after repeated brewing.
(The so-called tea-making clothes refer to soaking ginseng slices or ginseng whiskers in daily tea-making methods. If you drink tea, drink it slowly instead of drinking tea with others. Remember! )
Soak clothes: It is best to soak all raw or fresh ginseng in white wine for one month, and then take it in moderation when the wine has obvious ginseng flavor. You can use it to add new wine and steam it when it is weak.
Chewing: put ginseng or ginseng whisker slices in your mouth and chew them carefully, and swallow them with the residue.
Swallowing: dry ginseng, grind it into fine powder, put it into capsules, and send it down with warm water.
The best way: chemical suit
Ginseng medicated diet formula
-Middle-aged and elderly coronary heart disease with qi deficiency and blood stasis, chest tightness or precordial pain, palpitation and shortness of breath, fatigue and fatigue. Take 3 grams of Ginseng Rubra, vinegar-roasted Rhizoma Corydalis 1 g and notoginseng 1 g every day, which has the effects of invigorating qi, strengthening heart, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. How to take it: grind the three traditional Chinese medicines into fine powder and take it with warm boiled water or warm yellow wine three times a day in the morning, at noon and at night.
-Middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes, such as weak body, mental fatigue, cold hands and feet, thirst and excessive drinking, take 3 grams of Ginseng Rubra, 5 grams of Ophiopogon japonicus and 5 grams of Radix Rehmanniae every day, which has the effects of benefiting qi, lowering blood sugar, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. The administration method: soak the three traditional Chinese medicines in clear water for 30-60 minutes, then decoct them for 3 times, each time with slow fire for 30 minutes, and then combine the decoctions to drink tea.
-Patients with dyspepsia, anorexia, weakness of limbs, loose stool and other symptoms caused by weakness of the spleen and stomach can take 5 grams of Ginseng Rubra, Atractylodes macrocephala 1 0g, Poria10g, 3 grams of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, 7 pieces of ginger1g and jujube, which have the effects of invigorating qi, tonifying middle energizer, invigorating spleen and nourishing stomach. Soak all the medicinal materials in clear water, then fry them twice, and take them before meals in the morning, at noon and at night.
-Patients with hyperlipidemia, who have symptoms such as mental fatigue, weakness of limbs, dizziness and tinnitus, take 3 grams of raw ginseng, 5 grams of Polygonatum odoratum and 5 grams of hawthorn every day, which has the effects of invigorating qi, nourishing yin, invigorating spleen and reducing blood fat. The administration method is the same as above.
-neurasthenia patients, who have symptoms such as listlessness, general weakness, insomnia, dreaminess, palpitation and shortness of breath, take 5 grams of raw ginseng, 5 grams of Schisandra chinensis and 0/0 piece of jujube/kloc, which has the effect of benefiting qi and calming the nerves. The administration method is the same as before.
—— For cancer patients with symptoms such as weakness, listlessness, loss of appetite, dry mouth and throat after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, take 3 grams of raw ginseng, 5 grams of radix rehmanniae, 5 grams of radix ophiopogonis, 3 grams of fructus schisandrae chinensis and 0/0 pieces of jujube/kloc. The administration method is the same as before.
Preventive measures and knowledge preservation
Precautions-the dosage of ginseng as a tonic should be small, 1 ~ 2g per day. For those with serious physical weakness, the dosage can be appropriately increased, but it should not exceed 3 grams. If you want to increase the dose, you should take it under the guidance of Chinese medicine. The United States found that when taking a large amount of ginseng for a long time, symptoms such as excitement, insomnia and elevated blood pressure appeared, which was called "ginseng abuse syndrome". There are reports of blindness caused by taking a large amount of ginseng, so the dose of ginseng should not be too large when it is used for nourishing for a long time. -Only by adhering to the principle of taking a small amount for a long time can the tonic effect be achieved. I have seen people soak large pieces of ginseng roots in water for three to five days. You know, taking this approach is like making tea with a lot of tea leaves. At first, the medicinal ingredients were too strong, then too weak, and the efficacy was uneven. Moreover, ginseng is too big to completely dissolve the active ingredients, which is a pity. Moreover, if you take it for several days continuously, the drug will deteriorate easily, which is not only useless but harmful, so users should pay attention.
-Do not take ginseng when suffering from acute diseases (such as exogenous diseases and acute infectious diseases) or fever. -Individuals who are intolerant or allergic to ginseng should not take it. -avoid taking radish and strong tea when taking ginseng, so as not to weaken the role of ginseng. -Choose different kinds of ginseng according to your own physique, and ask Chinese medicine for guidance if necessary. Winter is a good season to eat ginseng. Although ginseng is the king of all kinds of tonics, not all of them can be forgiven, and ginseng syndrome cannot lead to overdose because of its strong vitality.
A people with strong allergies should not take ginseng if they have a rash after taking it. Do not take it when there is suppurative inflammation. B Hypertensive patients with hyperactivity of liver yang are prone to cerebrovascular accidents after taking it, but patients with deficiency-cold hypertension can take ginseng, but the dosage is small. When the systolic blood pressure is >: 180mmHg, it is not suitable for any type of patients to take ginseng. C colds and fever are generally not suitable for taking. Because palpitation is serious when you have a fever, users will improve blood circulation and make palpitation worse. D For asthma syndrome caused by sudden asphyxia, dry throat caused by heat, vomiting blood and nosebleed caused by impulse, ginseng is not suitable. E edema caused by damp-heat stagnation is even worse after taking ginseng (because ginseng has antidiuretic effect), and people with renal insufficiency and oliguria should also use it with caution. F is not suitable for patients with insomnia and irritability, otherwise their sleep will be worse. G ginseng should not be used for people with strong qi, body heat, slippery and strong pulse and poor urination and defecation.
Different kinds of ginseng have different mechanisms of action. Generally speaking, American ginseng is cool and is generally used for heat syndrome, such as hypertension and constipation. Ginseng is warm in nature and is suitable for cold syndrome. Among them, sun-dried ginseng is a tonic, which is mainly used for syndromes and symptoms of deficiency of both qi and yin. Ginseng is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly warm. Heart, lung and spleen meridians. This product is a medicine for invigorating primordial qi. It is an important drug for treating critical symptoms such as qi deficiency and weak pulse. Efficacy: it can greatly replenish vitality, and the qi deficiency is about to take off, and the pulse is slightly heartbroken. At the same time, the limbs are cold and the yang is weak; Or both sweating and thirst, both anger and yin injury; Syndrome of lung qi deficiency. Tonify spleen and lung, and treat spleen and lung deficiency; Deficiency of both lung and kidney; Weak temper syndrome. Promoting fluid production can treat the deficiency of qi and essence caused by fever and diabetes. It can also soothe the nerves and treat qi and blood deficiency, palpitation and insomnia.
Preserve knowledge
Ginseng contains a certain amount of sugar, which is easy to get damp and mildew in spring and moth-eaten in summer, so it should be checked frequently. Ginseng should be sealed in a cool and dry place. Once moisture absorption, mildew and moth-eaten are found, they should be baked or dried immediately. You can also fry the rice with fire, dry it and cool it (with desiccant effect) and put it in a glass bottle for storage, which can keep it from deteriorating for a long time.
How to tell the quality of ginseng?
Ginseng is a very precious medicinal material. There are many kinds of ginseng in the market with different quality, so it is necessary to learn some identification knowledge. Among ginseng, only wild ginseng is a precious medicinal material, and its growing period ranges from decades to more than a hundred years, so it is expensive. Due to the scarcity of ginseng production, the phenomenon of confusing the fake with the real and shoddy occurs from time to time, so attention should be paid to identification. In order to identify ginseng well, we must master the following points: not only to see the "five shapes", but also to identify the "six bodies"
1. Five shapes refer to beard, reed, skin, grain and body.
(1) beard: long and thin, long and long, with millet-like papules, called "pearl spots". Those white and tender (commonly known as water beard) are not pure wild ginseng.
(2) Reed: The reed is long and divided into two reeds, three reeds, linear reeds and wild-neck reeds. Double-section reeds-horse-tooth reeds and round reeds. Three-section reeds-there are horse teeth reeds, round reeds and piled reeds. The so-called horse tooth reed is characterized by obvious stem marks on the rhizome, which are shaped like horse teeth and mostly on the upper part of the rhizome. The so-called round reed is that the stem marks on the roots become longer and flatter with age, and the shape is like a cylinder. The so-called wild goose neck reed is slender and slightly curved, like a wild goose neck. The so-called linear reed is because it is very old, the reed bowl on the rhizome is long and flat, and the rhizome is thin and long.
(3) Leather: old leather, yellow-brown, dense and shiny. Those white ones are not pure ginseng.
(4) Transverse stripes: there are thin and deep spiral transverse stripes at the upper shoulder of the hair root. Rough stripes, rough surface and incoherent, not pure ginseng.
(5) Body: refers to the hair roots.
Six-body refers to spirit, stupidity, old age, tenderness, horizontal and smooth.
(1) Ling: refers to the ginseng with exquisite figure, beautiful appearance, clearly separable body and legs, more than two legs and large bifurcation angle. According to the shape, it is divided into "water chestnut body" and "pimple body".
(2) Stupidity: refers to ginseng with straight roots and awkward posture. Even if it has two legs, the thickness or length of the two are asymmetrical.
(3) Old: Ginseng skin is old, its color is yellow and brown, and its horizontal stripes are thin and tight. Those white ones are not pure ginseng.
(4) Tenderness: the skin is tender and white, the horizontal stripes are thick and shallow, the fibrous roots are tender and brittle, and the white ones are easily broken, so it is not pure ginseng.
(5) Cross ginseng: refers to ginseng with thick and short roots and lateral legs, mostly wild ginseng.
(6) Shun: refers to ginseng whose roots are smooth and straight, and one leg or two legs are close together, and most of them are not wild ginseng.
Acanthopanax senticosus, a Gemini of Araliaceae
American ginseng belongs to Araliaceae and is named American ginseng because it is produced in the United States, Canada and France. The native wild American ginseng is distributed in the mountain forest of 30 ~ 47 degrees north latitude and 67 ~ 125 degrees west longitude. It grows in the hilly area of marine climate at an altitude of about 2000 meters, and is mainly produced in the Montreal Mountains in southern Canada and the northern and northeastern parts of the United States. Because the wild American ginseng was plundered to the brink of extinction, people began to try to plant American ginseng and succeeded, and then cultivated it in a large area, among which Wisconsin produced the most American American American ginseng.
Hair of American ginseng
American ginseng belongs to Araliaceae and is named American ginseng because it is produced in the United States, Canada and France. The native wild American ginseng is distributed in the mountain forest of 30 ~ 47 degrees north latitude and 67 ~ 125 degrees west longitude. It grows in the hilly area of marine climate at an altitude of about 2000 meters, and is mainly produced in the Montreal Mountains in southern Canada and the northern and northeastern parts of the United States. Because the wild American ginseng was plundered to the brink of extinction, people began to try to plant American ginseng and succeeded, and then cultivated it in a large area, among which Wisconsin produced the most American American American ginseng.
It is said that during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, French priest Artus came to China and found that the royal family and some rich and powerful people often took a plant root called ginseng to nourish their bodies. Therefore, he became interested in this plant with humanoid roots. Artus made a detailed investigation on the plant morphological characteristics, growing areas, living conditions and clinical application of ginseng, and published the situation and drawings of ginseng on the topic of Tatar plants in the Royal Society. Due to the rapid development of western civilization and rich knowledge of botany and geography at that time, the paper attracted the attention of Francois Lafeido, a French missionary working in Montreal, Canada. He speculated that North America has latitude and longitude areas similar to the growth environment of ginseng, and also has similar geographical structure and growth conditions, so there should be similar plant growth. So he asked the local Indians to help him find it. Everything comes to him who waits. After careful investigation and search, we finally found a plant similar to ginseng in China, which was identified as Araliaceae, hence the name Panax quinquefolium. Since then, China and Southeast Asia began to import and borrow the pattern of the American flag as a trademark, so it is also called "American ginseng". There is no need to verify the truth of the story of American ginseng, but American ginseng was first discovered in Quebec, Canada, in 17 16 (Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty), and later similar plants were discovered in the northern United States. American ginseng was recorded in Materia Medica by Wu 1757 and Compendium of Materia Medica by 1765. For example, in Compendium of Materia Medica, it is recorded that American ginseng has the function of "tonifying lung and reducing fire, promoting fluid production and relieving fatigue". Based on this calculation, American ginseng was gradually accepted by Chinese people during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. In the court medical records of Qing dynasty, there are also records about the application of American ginseng. For example, around Guangxu 2 1, Empress Dowager Cixi suffered from chronic diarrhea. When the imperial doctor in the palace treated her, in order to prevent ginseng from being warm and dry, the ginseng in the prescription was changed into American ginseng.
Varieties and famous species of American ginseng
American ginseng can be divided into wild American ginseng and cultivated American ginseng, but there are few wild American ginseng, which is hard to see in the market. What we see are all cultivated American ginseng.
In recent years, American ginseng has been successfully introduced to Beijing, Hebei, Northeast China, Shandong, Shaanxi, Fujian and other places, and entered the market in large quantities. The content of total saponins of American ginseng produced in some areas of China is even higher than that of imported American ginseng.
Domestic and imported American ginseng can be divided into "raw skin American ginseng" and "pink light American ginseng" according to their processing methods. American ginseng, which has grown for more than 4 years and is excavated in autumn, is washed, dried or dried in the sun, and has a yellowish skin with fine black stripes, which is called "original skin American ginseng"; Remove the branches and fibrous roots of the dug American ginseng, dry it in the sun, then spray water to moisten it, knock off the skin, smoke it with sulfur, and dry it in the sun until it turns white and powdery, which is called "powdered American ginseng".
Quality identification of American ginseng
The planting period of American ginseng is generally considered to be 5-7 years, but in recent years, the demand for American ginseng has increased, and it can be mined in 4 years. Some research data show that the quality below 4 years is poor.
The quality of granular American ginseng is the best. Its taproot is short and round, about 2-4 cm long and about 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter. There are large bifurcation incisions in the shoulder and lower part, which are the marks of cutting off the lateral roots.
Short-branched American ginseng is inferior to granular American ginseng, which is characterized by short and thick taproot, bubble-like uplift in the shoulder and middle, about 2.5 ~ 5 cm long, diameter of 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm, and rapid purification at the lower end.
The main root of medium-branched American ginseng is cylindrical, single-branched, straight, about 5 ~ 7 cm long, with a fine root incision at the end.
The main root of American ginseng with long branches is conical, single branch, straight, about 7 ~ 9 cm long and 0.8 ~ 1.5 cm in diameter.
In a word, judging the quality of American ginseng from its appearance, the round and short roots are the best and the slender ones are the worst. In terms of texture, hard American ginseng is the best, followed by soft American ginseng.
Meridian tropism, efficacy and main preparation method of American ginseng
American ginseng tastes bitter, slightly sweet, cold in nature, and enters the heart, lungs and kidneys. American ginseng has the functions of benefiting qi and nourishing yin, clearing away lung heat and promoting fluid production, and is good at treating lung. Kidney yin deficiency syndrome. Deficiency of lung and kidney yin leads to excessive fire and loss of lung clarity. The clinical manifestations are cough, asthma, scanty sputum or blood in sputum, fatigue and thirst, dry mouth and throat. It can be used with Ophiopogon japonicus, Colla Corii Asini and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae to nourish yin, clear lung and resolve phlegm, with remarkable curative effect.
Some exogenous febrile diseases or long-term chronic diseases can damage human body's healthy qi and vaginal fluid, resulting in deficiency of both qi and yin, manifested as listlessness, weakness of limbs, dizziness, dry mouth and throat, loss of appetite, fever of hands and feet, soreness of waist and knees, hot flashes in the afternoon, etc. It can be treated with American ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus and Schisandra chinensis. American ginseng has a good effect of nourishing yin and promoting fluid production. It can be used alone to treat thirst, thirst and other symptoms caused by insufficient body fluid, and the effect is better if it is combined with traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing yin and promoting fluid production.
Modern medical research on American ginseng
Modern research has confirmed that the chemical composition of American ginseng is mainly ginsenoside, as well as organic acids, sugars, amino acids, vitamins and trace elements. Pharmacological research of American ginseng proves that it has many functions.
1, Regulation of Central Nervous System Because the content of ginsenoside Rb 1 is higher than that of ginseng, Panax quinquefolium has a strong inhibitory effect on central nervous system, a sedative effect on cerebral cortex and a protective effect on life center.
2. Animal experiments of improving intelligence function prove that Panax quinquefolium can promote the development of brain cells in young mice and improve the learning and memory function of animals.
3. Improve the adaptability of the body. Ginseng plants can enhance the body's adaptability and improve the body's ability to resist bad living environment. American ginseng can also enhance the human body's ability to resist various harsh conditions.
4. Effects on endocrine and metabolic functions: Panax quinquefolium can promote the secretion of adrenocortical hormone, increase the amount of RNA in liver, reduce the level of blood lipid and the content of serum lipid peroxide, and improve the activity of peroxidase.
5. Effect on cardiovascular system Panax quinquefolium can obviously increase myocardial blood flow, improve myocardial ischemic changes, reduce myocardial necrosis, narrow infarct area, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and correct arrhythmia.
6, enhance immune function Panax quinquefolium is an immune enhancer, which can promote the proliferation of T lymphocytes and B cells, enhance the activity of natural killer cells in the body, and improve the antibody level. It has certain effects on anti-aging and anti-tumor.
Similarities and differences of American ginseng
Similarity of American ginseng
(1) Ginseng belongs to Araliaceae, and its medicinal parts are mainly its dried roots. (2) Both of them are qi-invigorating drugs, and they can treat qi-deficiency syndrome, such as general weakness, mental fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, lazy speech, loss of appetite, etc. (3) Modern medical research has confirmed that both of them contain ginsenoside, and other chemical components are basically similar. (4) Pharmacological experiments show that the effects on cardiovascular system, endocrine system and body metabolism are basically the same.
Differences of American ginseng
(1) ginseng (especially red ginseng) is warm and has better nourishing effect than American ginseng, especially suitable for patients with deficiency of both qi and yang such as fatigue, fear of cold, cold hands and feet. Panax quinquefolium is cold in nature, which not only tonifies the body, but also has the function of clearing fire, so it is more suitable for people with deficiency of both qi and yin, physical weakness and heat due to yin deficiency.
(2) American ginseng is cold, suitable for hot spring and summer seasons, and ginseng is warm, suitable for cold autumn and winter seasons.
(3) Ginseng can not be used for diseases such as exogenous diseases or fever, but American ginseng can be used appropriately according to specific conditions.
(4) Anyone who has fever due to qi deficiency and is not suitable for ginseng can be replaced by American ginseng. (5) There are some differences in the types and contents of ginsenoside in American ginseng, so their pharmacological effects are not exactly the same. For example, the effect of ginseng on the central nervous system is mainly excitatory, while American ginseng is mainly inhibitory.
(6) Pharmacological experimental data show that Panax quinquefolium is superior to Panax ginseng in resisting hypoxia, low temperature and other stress stimuli, while Panax ginseng is superior to Panax quinquefolium in resisting fatigue and enhancing immune function.
Application and administration method of American ginseng
There are many processed products of various brands of American ginseng, but from the dosage form, they are mainly divided into ginseng tablets and powder capsules. The therapeutic dose of American ginseng is 3 ~ 6g, and the health-care dose is1~ 2g. Introduce several ways to take it:-Middle-aged and elderly people are weak, listless, weak limbs, loss of appetite, insomnia and dreaminess, palpitation and shortness of breath. Take 1 ~ 2 grams of American ginseng every day. You can directly put the commercially available American ginseng slices in your mouth and chew them up and swallow them without the taste of ginseng. Or soak slices of American ginseng in boiling water instead of tea; Or take the commercially available American ginseng capsules with warm water. -Patients with coronary heart disease with qi deficiency and blood stasis have symptoms such as chest tightness or precordial pain, palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue, etc. Taking 3 grams of Panax quinquefolium, notoginseng 1 gram every day has the effects of invigorating qi, tonifying deficiency, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. How to take it: decoct American ginseng slices in clear water for 40 minutes, divide the liquid medicine into two parts, and divide notoginseng into two parts. Take Panax notoginseng with American ginseng liquid medicine, morning and evening 1 time, and chew American ginseng slices.
-Patients with lung yin deficiency who have symptoms such as chronic cough, dry mouth, shortness of breath, fatigue, emaciation, etc., take 5 grams of American ginseng, 3 grams of tremella, 0/0 gram of Ophiopogon japonicus/kloc-0, and 20 pieces of red dates every day, which has the effects of nourishing yin and moistening lung, benefiting qi and promoting fluid production. Edible method: soak tremella in clear water to remove impurities; Cleaning Ophiopogon japonicus and chopping; Wash jujube, cut into pieces, then put the four medicinal materials into a big bowl, add appropriate amount of water, steam in a steamer for more than 1 hour, add a little brown sugar to taste, and take it three times in the morning, at noon and at night, with American ginseng, tremella and jujube. -Patients with liver and kidney yin deficiency and symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, soreness of waist and knees and blurred vision. Take 3 grams of American ginseng, 0/5g of Lycium barbarum/kloc-,0/0g of jujube/kloc-and 0/00g of rice/kloc-every day, which has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting qi and nourishing yin. The administration method comprises cleaning Fructus Lycii and Fructus Jujubae, chopping, and cooking with Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and rice into porridge, and taking it every night. -Diabetic patients are weak, weak waist and knees, dry mouth and throat, thirsty and drinking too much. Taking 5 grams of American ginseng, 5 grams of Lycium barbarum 10, 5 grams of Radix Rehmanniae and 5 grams of Radix Puerariae every day has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. Soak the above medicinal materials in clear water for 30 minutes, then decoct for 3 times, and then combine the medicinal liquids to substitute tea. -After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the cancer patients were weak, lost appetite, upset with five emotions, dry and thirsty. Taking 5 grams of American ginseng, 20 grams of Astragalus membranaceus, 0/0g of Ophiopogon japonicus, 0/0g of Lentinus edodes, 0/0g of jujube, 0/0g of chicken and 0/00g of kloc every day has the effects of benefiting qi, nourishing yin, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. Boil the above herbs and chicken for 1 hour, eat meat and drink soup. Precautions and preservation knowledge are similar to ginseng, but the difference is that ginseng can be used for patients with fever due to qi deficiency and fire due to yin deficiency.