Thrombosis is a blood clot in blood vessels. We can usually see that the hand is broken and the blood drops on the ground will form blood clots. When these blood clots appear in blood vessels for various reasons, we call them thrombi. Thrombosis may occur where there are blood vessels. Thrombosis has many clinical classifications.
First, venous thrombosis
1, blood stasis: such as pregnancy, obesity, trauma, surgery, congestive heart failure, staying in bed for too long.
2, hypercoagulable state: such as malignant tumors, myeloproliferative diseases.
3, others: such as oral contraceptives, hemolytic crisis.
Second, arterial thrombosis.
1, vascular wall abnormality: the most common atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
2, increased blood viscosity: polycythemia vera, plasma cell disease, burns.
3. Abnormal platelet function: primary thrombocytosis.
Third, microcirculation thrombosis
1, embolism: more common in arterial thrombosis.
2. Increased coagulation activity: bacterial endotoxin, viral hemolysis, necrotic tissue, tumor cells, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, serum sickness and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Thrombosis is ubiquitous in clinical work. Dr. Cardiovascular King looks for several common thrombi that everyone cares about.
One kind of thrombus that we are most concerned about at ordinary times is acute myocardial infarction and acute cerebral infarction, which are mostly caused by plaque formation and plaque rupture caused by atherosclerosis. The most effective way to dissolve this thrombus is thrombolytic drugs, and the most important thing is time. The sooner it is dissolved, the more likely it is, and it will be difficult to pass after the best thrombolytic time.
Of course, interventional methods can also be used to guide the guide wire to open the blood vessels blocked by thrombus; In rare cases, blocked blood vessels will also autolyse, that is, they will pass without medication.
Who is more likely to get blood clots?
People susceptible to arterial thrombosis:
1, hyperlipidemia: especially those with high cholesterol, hyperlipidemia and low density lipoprotein are the main causes of atherosclerosis;
2, diabetic people: diabetes causes long-term damage to the inner wall of blood vessels, which is more likely to form atherosclerosis;
3. Hypertension: Hypertension is closely related to atherosclerosis and diabetic hyperlipidemia;
4. Smokers: Smoking will increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular blockage, that is, the risk of thrombosis;
5, the elderly: age is also an unchangeable factor for the aggravation of vascular atherosclerosis;
6. Postmenopausal women: Women are protected by estrogen before menopause, so the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is significantly lower than that of men, but it increases significantly after menopause;
7. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Obesity is also closely related to three highs and atherosclerosis;
8. Lack of exercisers: Exercise can make our blood vessels younger, and no exercise will accelerate atherosclerosis;
9. Family history of thrombosis: Family members, especially immediate family members, have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the risk of thrombotic events is significantly increased. These people are at high risk of atherosclerosis. The more complicated the factors, the greater the risk of natural thrombosis, and the greater the possibility of acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and arterial occlusion of lower limbs.
Venous thrombosis is either slow blood flow or there is something wrong with its own coagulation mechanism. 1, elderly, 2, people who are inactive or bedridden, 3, poor heart function, 4, tumor patients, 5, varicose veins, 6, after fracture, 7, pregnant.
Preventing arterial thrombosis means preventing atherosclerosis, that is, quitting smoking and drinking, persisting in exercise, eating a diet with low salt, low fat and low sugar, finding and treating hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia as early as possible, learning to relieve stress by yourself, working and sleeping regularly and so on!
In short, thrombosis is not a trivial matter. We must start with the details of life in order to effectively prevent thrombosis, and we can't wait until thrombosis forms.