(China Geo University, Wuhan)
Wang juesheng
(China Geo University, Beijing)
1958 In June, under the auspices of Professor Yang Zunyi, director of the department, and Comrade Wang Zhemin, secretary of the General Party Branch, the General Survey Department held a meeting of the director of the teaching and research section and the secretary of the Party branch in accordance with the requirements of "being diligent in running schools, production and part-time" put forward by the Party Committee of Beijing Institute of Geology. After discussion and study, it was decided that Shandong Geological Bureau would contract the regional geological survey and prospecting task of1∶ 200,000 in the form of an autonomous region investigation team, and implement the Party's educational policy of "education serves proletarian politics, combining education with productive labor". From the establishment of Shandong Brigade in June of 1958 to the acceptance of the results in June of 196 1, under the leadership of the Party's educational policy and the Shandong Geological Bureau (later renamed Geological Department) and the Party Committee of Beijing Institute of Geology, Shandong Brigade (named the First Brigade of Regional Geological Survey of Shandong Geological Bureau) has been working for three years. After the Great Leap Forward and the three-year difficult period, the teachers and students of the whole team always put national interests first, bravely shouldered heavy burdens, laughed and struggled hard, put quality first, strive for perfection, cooperate with teachers and students, and learn from each other. They overcame various difficulties in living and material conditions and completed the regional geological survey and prospecting task of1∶ 200,000 in the central and western Shandong Province.
I. Main Work of Shandong Brigade 65438-0958
1. Shandong brigade was established.
1June, 958, the school appointed Professor Chi Jishang as the team leader, Comrade Jian as the deputy team leader, and Comrade Wang Zhemin as the party branch secretary. Shandong team of Beijing Institute of Geology consists of about 500 students, including regional survey team, hydrogeology team and junior geophysical exploration students.
Nearly 200 teachers and students from the general survey department undertook the regional geological survey and prospecting work of1:200,000 in the central and western regions of Shandong Province (with a total area of 544 10 km2), and went to Shandong in early June of1:958. After intense preparation in the office and field investigation, each team launched1:in late June. The leaders of Shandong Geological Bureau attached great importance to and supported the work of Shandong Brigade. Director Shen Ying and Deputy Director Tao Qi went to Shandong Brigade to visit teachers and students and guide their work. Xiao Ying, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Institute of Geology, Yin Fengxiang, deputy secretary of the Party Committee, and Nie Ke, secretary of the Party Committee, came to the team to inspect and guide the work.
2. Seriously analyze the geological work in Shandong survey area and prepare for surveying and mapping.
Before 1958, there was no regional geological map of1:200,000 in Shandong Province, only the geological map of1:kloc-0/10,000 Jinan compiled by Tan Xichou, a geologist of the older generation before the founding of New China, which was too small to meet the needs of national economic development. In this picture, the strata after CAMBRIAN are divided, but not before CAMBRIAN. Therefore, in the newly measured1∶ 200,000 geological map, what can be done to meet the requirements of the specification? This is the first problem that Shandong brigade encountered at that time.
Professor Chi Jishang analyzed the geological conditions of the whole area and thought that all geological and rock units in the survey area should be treated differently. Palaeozoic has been studied in detail in the past, and lithologic characteristics should be emphasized in making map marks. Mapping units should be re-established in Precambrian, and Mesozoic magmatism is closely related to mineralization, so research should be strengthened. In order to unify thoughts, Professor Chi Jishang organized all teachers to study the Soviet Union1∶ 200,000 regional survey standard, made clear the purpose and requirements of mapping, and determined to devote more detailed work to Precambrian and improve the quality of maps.
After finishing all the preparatory work in Jinan, Professor Chi Jishang began to lead all the teachers in reconnaissance. At that time, the teachers who participated in the Shandong team came from different majors and had different work experiences, including Sun, a lecturer who had been teaching for many years, and He Chengzhou, a newly graduated teaching assistant. Therefore, this reconnaissance has become a major training exercise to learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths and improve the work level of instructors.
Reconnaissance begins in Jinling Town, passes through Zibo, Mengyin, Feixian and Zaozhuang, and ends in tengxian. Jinlingzhen diorite body is Yanshanian igneous body, which was famous for its iron ore in the early stage. Professor Chi Jishang led all the teachers to observe and summarize the rock types of rock mass, the relationship between penetration and cutting in different stages, the characteristics of contact zone and the relationship with mineralization in detail, which played an exemplary role. The metamorphic rocks of Taishan Group with complex structure and deep migmatization are also observed in detail, and lithostratigraphic units are initially established for surface mapping. Professor Chi Jishang also pointed out in his reconnaissance that attention should be paid to the multi-period of Precambrian magmatic activity, and it is stipulated that metamorphic magmatic bodies should be divided, and layers with special significance, such as metamorphic iron ore beds, should be exaggerated on the map to show the internal characteristics of rock masses and meet the needs of prospecting.
The reconnaissance work lasted for a month. After actual observation, discussion and summary, the work requirements were further clarified and the understanding was unified. By the end of June, each team, led by instructors, went to the survey area to carry out surveying and mapping and prospecting work.
3. In productive labor, under the guidance of the Party's educational policy, each team constantly explores new ways of self-organization, studies new problems and summarizes new experiences.
(1) Rely on the local Party committee and government, and rely on the local working people to create a new situation in the production management and life management of the team.
In the past, teachers and students of the school went to the geological team for production practice, and problems such as accommodation and indoor finishing were solved by the geological team. But the self-organized production team is different, and all the life problems and production management are their own responsibility. In order to solve this problem when forming teams, Shandong Geological Bureau assisted us to equip each team with an administrator to take charge of the team's life. However, surveying and prospecting are often carried out in groups, which are characterized by dispersion and mobility, and it is difficult for an administrator to take care of the life of each group. Teachers and students of each team had to run around and contact with each other with an enterprising spirit of productive labor, and finally found a good way: relying on the local party Committee and government to establish a fixed base for the team and relying on the local people to solve the accommodation problem of the scattered activities of the team.
At that time, the fixed base of the team was generally located in the industrial department of the county (city), and the leaders of the relevant departments of the county (city) helped the team solve the problems of indoor sorting, storing all kinds of articles and materials left over from field work and communicating with the team. They also help solve the accommodation problem when the team is concentrated. When the team found important mines or encountered some difficulties in the process of work, they reported to the local party Committee and government, listened to their opinions, and obtained their support and help. This can not only solve the existing problems in time, but also exercise the organizational management ability of teachers and students. Later, each team responded to the call of the Central Committee and won the support of "10.7 million tons of steel" to popularize geological knowledge for local cadres and mobilize the masses to contribute to prospecting. "Everyone for me, I for everyone" has become more and more intimate with local party and government cadres.
When surveying and prospecting in groups, the teachers and students of the group will rely on the masses to help solve the accommodation problem no matter where they work; Where to stay, help fellow villagers carry water, chop firewood, sweep the yard, learn from the old Red Army, learn from the old eight roads, and do all kinds of live labor. This not only helps to solve the accommodation problem of our scattered activities, but also promotes the relationship between our teachers and students and the working people, exercises their working habits, cultivates their feelings for the working people, and further understands the significance of implementing the party's educational policy.
When the team first started working, it lacked experience in production management and was once in a hurry. "Practice makes true knowledge." In order to overcome the hectic phenomenon, the four teams implemented the "one person and one post system", that is, data storage, safety production, confidentiality issues, statistical work, financial management, publicity work and so on. The system of one student per shift and one post is implemented, and librarians, safety workers, statisticians, financial officers, safety officers, propagandists, etc. Be assigned to be responsible for the production management of the team. Later, the brigade timely popularized the experience of internal management of the four teams through the self-run Taishan newspaper, and each team subsequently established the "one person, one post system" according to its own situation, so that the production management of the team was gradually orderly and institutionalized.
(2) Starting from the needs of production, carry out teaching activities, combine learning with application, and practice the basic skills of surveying, mapping, prospecting, geological exploration and geological research.
In the production work, each team took various forms of on-site teaching activities in combination with the actual production situation. When the junior students just left the team, because they couldn't make the route geological map without systematic teaching practice, the instructor gave them systematic mapping training. Then, under the leadership of senior students, let them learn while doing, learn while doing, and combine learning with application to learn faster, better, more vivid and more solid. In productive labor, important geological phenomena and geological functions have been discovered, so teachers will guide students to observe, describe, distinguish and explore some regular understandings on the spot, and understand book theory more deeply from practice, so as to improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems. When an important mine is found, the teacher will instruct the students how to check the mine and do a good job of sketching, sampling and cataloging mountain operations in a large area. In the process of staged indoor layout, team cadres and instructors timely check the original materials such as students' field notebooks and sketches, as well as the collection of specimens and samples. In view of the practical problems in surveying and mapping prospecting, they take the form of discussion, summary and arrangement in time, carry out on-site teaching activities with strict requirements and training, so that students can master the whole process of geological exploration, consolidate the basic skills of geological exploration and geological research, and ensure the quality of surveying and mapping prospecting work.
(3) Under the general line and the Great Leap Forward situation, the brigade deployed the Leap Forward Plan at two instructor meetings to study and solve the problems of work quality and safety in production.
Under the situation of the general line and the Great Leap Forward, the brigade held a meeting of all teachers in Jinan on August 7. At the meeting, after heated discussion, we unanimously adopted the striding plan put forward by the brigade to strive for all the maps of the year, canceled the administrative staff of the detachment, insisted on the industrialization of intellectuals and the knowledge of the working people, actively participated in productive labor, mobilized the masses to apply for prospecting, popularized geological knowledge to the working people, and strived for the support of "10.7 million tons of steel"! After the meeting, the teachers and students of each team worked hard and strived for the upper reaches. Teachers and students of Beijing Institute of Geology can be seen everywhere from Yimeng Mountain to Luxi Mountain. They carry luggage on their backs, and some mobilize the masses to report and look for mines that smelt steel; Some hold training courses for local prospecting; Some people live in the wind and sleep, and work hard to realize the surveying and mapping task of that year. It's steaming, and good news spreads frequently. Team 10, together with local geological team, discovered a large Anshan-type iron mine in Cangshan and Linqu, which was valued by Shandong Geological Bureau. They were named the Red Flag Team.
In the years of the Great Leap Forward, the Shandong Brigade also had problems such as too fast speed, too little quality, too much fatigue, too much social practice and labor exercise, which weakened theoretical teaching. Some teachers who respect science, seek truth from facts and insist on different opinions were once regarded as "right-wing conservatism" and wrongly criticized as "white flags", but this "left" sentiment was quickly corrected.
By the beginning of September, Shandong Brigade held a meeting of instructors in view of the existing problems. The meeting focused on the participation of teachers and students in productive labor, surveying and mapping quality and safety in production. Finally, Professor Chi Jishang, the team leader, made a concluding speech. She pointed out that we should persist in the industrialization of intellectuals and working people's knowledge and unswervingly implement the party's educational policy; It is necessary to pay attention to the quality of surveying and mapping prospecting, and clearly stipulate the spacing of surveying and mapping routes, the quality of fixed-point description, the technical requirements of mine site inspection, the operation technology of sand washing, and the fact that the amount of metal must pass through the humus layer, and ask teachers to ensure the quality. In productive labor, she emphasizes the combination of work and rest, pays attention to work order and ensures safe production. The brigade also formulated the regulations on safety in production, and Taishan newspaper published an editorial entitled "Safety is for production, and production must be safe", requiring teachers and students of all teams to attach importance to work quality and safety in production and fully complete the tasks of surveying, mapping and prospecting.
(4) Actively participate in the school-wide debate on educational reform.
In the productive labor, the teachers and students of each team have gained a double harvest of political thought and professional technology. At the same time, it also reflects the problem that indoor teaching is divorced from reality and needs reform. In September, 1958, 1958, teachers and students of the whole school held a big debate on how to improve and enrich the teaching content of general geology. Some teachers of Shandong Brigade discussed some problems in productive labor teaching. Taishan Newspaper of Shandong Brigade summarized their opinions on the improvement of general geology and published an article entitled "Out of the old box, education revolution", which attracted the attention of Comrade Gao Yuangui, the second party secretary and president of our school, and absorbed the opinions of Shandong Brigade. After many discussions and studies, Beijing Institute of Geology decided to set up the teaching and research section of comprehensive geological foundation course. They made full preparations, and in the school year of 1958 ~ 1959, they set up a comprehensive geological basic course for freshmen of all majors in the school.
(5) The closing team collected data in Jinan to show the fruitful results of each team.
By the end of June, 1958 1 1, most teams had completed the1∶ 200,000 regional survey task that started in that year, filled in the geological map of the whole region, and assembled teams to the Jinan Guanzhaying Brigade for centralized data collation. Each team hangs the completed geological map on the wall, and a lot of precious information is displayed in front of them. The most prominent is the determination of Yishu fault zone (now called Tanlu fault zone). As can be seen from the figure, there is no Paleozoic in the east of the fault, and the determination of the Tumen Formation in Sinian is a new discovery, and the Tumen Formation did not cross the Yishu fault zone; Throughout the pre-Sinian system, marble is generally located on the east side of the fault zone, and the Taishan Group on the west side of the fault zone has never found real marble. All these indicate the long-term activity of Yishu fault.
In addition, these teams have made many new discoveries. For example, when the third team evaluated diatomite in Linqu, they found and collected a large number of Paleogene lacustrine vertebrate fossils, such as wolftail fish and frogs. These fossil specimens were exhibited in the harvest exhibition of Beijing Institute of Geology, which attracted the attention of all teachers and students and enriched the exhibits in the school museum.
In order to better summarize the achievements of field work, Professor Chi Jishang organized senior students from all teams to compile the observed geological phenomena and geological functions into small-scale research reports, requiring that the inspection reports of large-scale mines must be as follows: ① large-scale maps; (2) System analysis report; (3) the necessary mountain work directory. Under the guidance of Professor Chi Jishang, on the basis of fully discussing, studying and analyzing the work results of each team, Comrade Liu Benpei finally wrote a summary of the Formation and Distribution Law of Geology and Minerals in Central and Western Shandong with about 30,000 words, which became the basis for the Shandong Brigade to hand in the summary report later.
On the basis of 1958, Professor Chi Jishang organized the teachers of general geology, rock and geographical history to compile1∶ 200,000 "Compilation of Regional Investigation Work Experience", which was published asNo. 12 of Journal of Beijing Institute of Geology. This is the first1∶ 200,000 regional survey guide in China. The book sold out soon after it was published.
At the beginning of 1959, the school organized various teams' cultural performances, and the drum yangko performed by Shandong Brigade was rated as an excellent drama of the school.
Second, the basic situation of Shandong Brigade 65438-0959.
During 1959, the Geological Bureau of Shandong Province was changed to the Geological Department of Shandong Province, and the Shandong Brigade was changed to the first survey brigade of the Geological Department of Shandong Province. The team leader is Professor Chi Jishang, deputy director of the Census Department, and the vice captains are You Zhendong and Wang Juesheng. The secretary of the General Party Branch is Comrade Li Hongxing. The Party Committee of the Geological Department of Shandong Province is very satisfied with the work of 1958 Shandong Brigade. 1959, Shandong Brigade was asked to open two more maps of Feicheng and Jining, plus 12 taken over by 1958, making a total of 14. Shandong Brigade earnestly summed up the working experience of 1958, and based on the work of 1958, determined the basic working principles of 1959: First, pay attention to quality; The second is to give full play to the leading role of teachers in productive labor.
1. Put the improvement of map quality in an important position.
Before leaving the team, Professor Chi Jishang studied the work of Shandong Brigade with map teachers. She thinks that 1958 is good after sweeping, but some routes are too thin and some geological boundaries are unnatural. Therefore, 1959 is required to make supplementary work on the basis of the original measured profile, improve the map quality, and comprehensively deploy the newly added Feicheng map and Jining map, with instructors and team cadres. At the beginning of May, all teams started their work in an all-round way.
During the period of 1959, Shandong Brigade conducted a comprehensive survey of phosphate rock in the survey area according to the requirements of Shandong Geological Department. In order to arm all teachers and students, the Institute of Mineral Deposits of the Academy of Geological Sciences sent a special person to Shandong Brigade to teach the preparation and use of ammonium phosphomolybdate solution and the prospecting criteria of phosphate rock.
In order to improve the research quality of ancient rock series, in May of that year, Professor Chi Jishang personally led teachers and students to make a large-scale measured profile of 1 ∶ 1 10,000 in Taipingding and Wanshan Villa in Xintai County. Shandong province was short of food that year, so we had to carry food and start our own business. After two weeks' efforts, the profile measurement was finally completed, the specimen samples were collected systematically, and the ammonium molybdate drop experiment was carried out point by point.
Taipingding and Wanshanzhuang profiles laid the foundation for the division of Archean lithostratigraphic units in western Shandong. Under the guidance of this main profile, each team has successively completed the pre-Sinian geological profile of their respective survey areas. Among them, Xintai, Caoyu section of Guanshan in Yanling, Fenzishan section in Yexian, etc. There are new discoveries. Teacher Yu Pixiu put forward the deformation structure of metamorphic strata by cleavage research on Fenzishan section, and revised the sequence established by predecessors through systematic arrangement by Comrade You Zhendong. This achievement was obtained by Comrade You Zhendong as the representative of Shandong Brigade at the National Stratigraphic Conference at the end of 1959.
2. Give full play to the leading role of teachers in productive labor.
During 1959, food was scarce and living conditions were poor in Shandong province. Teachers and students are still proud of work first and hard work. Teachers not only do professional guidance, but also do ideological and political work, give full play to their leading role in productive labor and overcome various difficulties. 1August, 959, the field work was basically completed. All the teachers and students are concentrated in Jinan. Because the professional meeting was being held in the provincial guest house at that time, it could not be arranged. The brigade organized everyone to use the summer vacation time of nearby primary schools to spread wheat straw and floor, and to arrange indoor materials with primary school tables and chairs. The arduousness of geological work has enhanced the perseverance of teachers and students to overcome difficulties. From 65438 to 0959, Shandong Brigade successfully completed its task, and a number of valuable scientific research achievements emerged, such as "Determination of Shandong Mountain Structure" by Teacher Le Guangyu; The Lithofacies Paleogeography of Tumen Period by Teacher Wang and Xue Shuhao, etc. All of them are based on reality, which is not available before, and has positive guiding significance for later geological work.
Thirdly, 1960 is the last year of Shandong Brigade's field work.
The main work situation is: Professor Chi Jishang is also the instructor of Shandong regional examination. The captain of Shandong Brigade is Comrade Wang Juesheng, the business captain is Comrade You Zhendong, the party branch secretary is Comrade Wang and the deputy secretary is Comrade Xue Shuhao. The main tasks this year are: adjusting the production tasks, focusing on solving the weak links of the whole team, sorting out the field data for "five conformity" and further improving the quality of the map sheet.
1. Adjust production tasks
In accordance with the Party's eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" and with the consent of the leaders of the Geological Department of Shandong Province, of the 14 regional survey undertaken by Shandong Brigade, except for six large areas covered by Quaternary, the other eight maps were submitted through formal acceptance according to the requirements of1:200,000 regional survey specifications.
2. According to the requirements of "five conformity", sort out the on-site data.
In order to improve the map quality, Comrade Wang Zhemin, secretary of the General Party Branch of the General Survey Department, hosted a meeting of the production brigade captains and party branch secretaries in Xinyang, Henan Province from June 65438 to June 0960. At the meeting, teams exchanged work experiences and publicized that Hunan Brigade ensured that all kinds of original materials were consistent with pictorial reports, original route sketches were consistent with regular achievement maps (including field books, specimens, fossils, laboratory materials and all kinds of original materials observed under microscope, all of which should be consistent with pictorial reports and achievement maps), which was collectively called "five-coincidence" experience at that time. After the meeting, Shandong Brigade sorted out the field data according to the requirements of "five conformity" put forward by Xinyang Conference.
3 focus on solving the weak links in the team and further improve the quality of the map sheet.
1960, Shandong province was the hardest hit area, with poor harvest and extremely difficult people's lives. The local party and government leaders called on the staff of the party and government organs to reduce rations and share joys and sorrows with the local working people to tide over the difficulties. Teachers and students of Shandong Brigade working in other places eat, live and work with local working people. Because of lack of food, they often collect wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger. Due to high labor intensity and malnutrition, many people get edema disease. In this case, all teams still focus on the overall situation, carry forward the spirit of hard work, continue to work, and insist on organizing teachers of different majors to conduct "consultation" according to the weak links of their own teams to solve difficult problems.
Professor Chi Jishang and Comrade You Zhendong, who are in charge of the brigade's business work, focus on the weak links of the whole team and consider ways to further improve their quality. As for the ancient rock series, they think that the original foundation of Xisi map is good, while Dongsi map has been investigated less in the past and the situation is unclear. In addition, the development of strata on both sides of Yishu fault is different, so how to show it on the map is a big problem. In order to solve this problem, they personally visited Rizhao and Jiaonan.
At that time, due to the shortage of gasoline in Shandong Province, many long-distance bus lines stopped driving, and it often took 2-3 days to walk from the brigade (Jinan) to the detachment. In order to see the sunshine, Chi Jishang and Comrade You Zhendong walked from Yidu to Yishui, passed through Zhucheng, and arrived at Wanggezhuang (Jiaonan County) in the dark on the last day before finding the student dormitory of Shandong Brigade. Despite the difficult conditions, regardless of road fatigue, they always patiently answer various questions raised by their classmates, stimulate their enthusiasm for work, enhance their perseverance in overcoming difficulties, and care about their safety and life; When assigning work, there is always room for teachers and students to complete the task with confidence.
Through investigation, they found that the development of ancient rock series in Jiaodong is indeed different from that in western Shandong, and it is also different in structural morphology and magmatic activity, which determines the tabular method in the final map. Linyi diagram is a cross-band diagram, and two histograms of east and west should be listed. After supplementary work, the field work of Shandong Brigade was completed around September 1960, and the field work report was submitted by each map. First of all, we invited experts such as Wang Xiaojing, who is in charge of the national regional mapping audit, to come to the team for inspection. By the end of 10, the geological department of Shandong Province had organized the field acceptance mainly by Chief Engineer He Yue and related field teams, which passed smoothly.
4. 196 1 year is the year when the achievements of Shandong Brigade are accepted.
This year, the Shandong Brigade was headed by Comrade You Zhendong, the deputy team leader Xue Shuhao and the party branch secretary Wang. Under the guidance of Professor Chi Jishang, the teachers and students of the whole team carefully sorted out the indoor data, carefully produced various results of maps and carefully compiled geological reports.
In order to give students a comprehensive exercise, the brigade decided that students should write reports under the guidance of teachers. 6 1 graduates majoring in census have been postponed for half a year with the approval of the higher party Committee to prepare all the information of eight maps and sort out the field data. For the completeness of the report, with the consent of the geological department of Shandong Province, eight maps are combined to write a report. Through the joint efforts of teachers and students, all the work has finally been completed. Finally, the first-class Xinhua printing factory helped us copy all kinds of maps. 196 1 in June, 2006, Wang Xiaojing, then the chief engineer of the regional survey bureau of the Ministry of Geology, served as the presiding judge. Senior school Chen Da, a fifth-year student majoring in census, made an acceptance report and showed all the maps and actual data. Successfully passed the acceptance in that year.
1in the autumn of 962, a congress of advanced workers in culture, education and health was held in Beijing. Comrade Xue Shuhao, instructor of Shandong Brigade of Beijing Institute of Geology, attended the meeting as an advanced worker in Beijing. At the meeting, he made a speech entitled "Experience of Shandong Brigade of Beijing Institute of Geology in Implementing Work-study Program and Participating in Productive Labor", which was printed into written materials and exchanged at the meeting.
Over the past three years, under the guidance of the Party's educational policy, the teachers and students of the whole team have worked hard, carried forward the Party's fine traditions and overcome many difficulties. They not only submitted a rich and illustrated1∶ 200,000 regional survey report for the country, but also laid a solid foundation for the later geological work and made important contributions to the cause of socialist economic construction. In practice, they also explored the implementation of teaching orientation and teaching and scientific research.