According to the newly promulgated "Classification of Work-related Injuries and Occupational Disease Disability Grades of Workers Assessing Labor Ability" (GB/T16180-2006), the degree of disability caused by pneumoconiosis is divided into 6 levels, from severe to light: :
1) Level 1
① Stage III pneumoconiosis with severe damage to lung function and/or severe hypoxemia [PO2 <5.3 kPa (40 mmHg)].
② Occupational lung cancer accompanied by severe damage to lung function.
2) Secondary
① Stage III pneumoconiosis with moderate damage to lung function and/or moderate hypoxemia;
② Stage II pneumoconiosis With severe lung function impairment and/or severe hypoxemia [PO2<5.3 kPa (40mmHg)];
③Pneumoconiosis stage III with active pulmonary tuberculosis; ④Occupational lung cancer or pleural mesothelioma.
3) Level 3
①Pneumoconiosis stage III;
②Pneumoconiosis stage II with moderate damage to lung function and/or moderate hypoxemia ;
③Pneumoconiosis stage II combined with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
4) Level 4
①Pneumoconiosis stage II;
②Pneumoconiosis stage I accompanied by moderate damage to lung function and/or moderate hypoxemia;
③Pneumoconiosis stage I combined with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
5) Grade 6 pneumoconiosis stage I
With mild lung function impairment and/or mild hypoxemia;
6) Grade 7 pneumoconiosis I Stage, lung function is normal.
Oil fume:
Because oil fume contains a large amount of harmful substances, it can easily cause lung tumors after inhalation. Therefore, many employees who work in oil fume working environments now begin to pay attention to respiratory protection.
Currently, dust masks are required to comply with GB2626-2006 "Respiratory Protective Equipment—Self-priming filtering particulate matter respirators".
According to the national standard, protective masks are divided into oily particulate matter (oil smoke, oil mist and non-oily particulate matter, the protection level is divided into KP100, KP95, KP90) and non-oily particulate matter (dust, smoke, mist, microorganisms, etc. , the protection level is divided into 2 types: KN100, KN95, KN90 level). The numbers represent protection efficiency.
KN100 and KP100 can protect more than 99.97% of non-oily particles with a diameter of 75 nanometers and oily particles with a diameter of 185 nanometers.
How to clean dust: The protective effect of protective masks depends on two aspects. One is the filtration efficiency of the filter cotton. The second is the tightness of the combination of the mask and the face.
Scientific selection of protective masks certified by the GB2626-2006 standard can help prevent lung damage.
1. Choose the duplex half mask type. Disposable masks are not suitable for long-term protection due to their high air leakage rate.
2. Choose KP100 grade filter cotton. Low protection rates will result in physical harm.
3. It is more comfortable to choose silicone material. Suitable for long-term wear and unlikely to cause allergic reactions. Masks with high hardness can easily cause facial indentations.
4. Masks are divided into large and small sizes, which is extremely important. Don’t buy those so-called universal masks. Easy to leak.
5. There are two types of masks: covering the mouth and nose, and covering the mouth, nose, and chin. It is recommended to use the latter, which is relatively more comfortable.
6. It is recommended to choose a smooth breathing mask. Some masks are designed with double filter cotton, and the filter cotton has two sides. Such masks make breathing relatively smooth.
Misunderstandings about respiratory protection:
1. Pay attention to the unit price and ignore the quality. Even choose uncertified, low-end, fake masks. Disposable masks are not suitable for long-term occupational protection. Some non-KN100 dust masks cannot effectively prevent pneumoconiosis in high dust environments.
2. Pay attention to the unit price and ignore the protection level. Blindly pursuing low prices, I think high-grade dust masks are all deceptive. Therefore, low-grade masks are used in high-dust environments, resulting in ineffective prevention of occupational diseases.
3. Focus on unit price and ignore adaptability. A well-designed mask should be tightly integrated with the face without any sense of pressure, and should not easily cause skin allergies. The protective effect is good and breathing is smooth, making it suitable for long-term wear. Masks must be divided into different sizes, suitable for different genders, and suitable for people with different head shapes and face shapes.
4. Pay attention to the unit price and ignore the economical use. For duplex half masks of the same grade, the service life of silicone is longer than that of ordinary silicone. Filter cotton with high technological content has better protective effect than ordinary filter cotton, allows smooth breathing and has a longer service life. Disposable masks are cheap to buy and uneconomical to use for a long time.
Diagnostic criteria for pneumoconiosis [1]
1. No pneumoconiosis (0)
a)0: No symptoms of pneumoconiosis on X-ray chest radiograph .
b): Chest X-ray findings are not sufficient to diagnose I.
2. Stage I pneumoconiosis (Ⅰ)
a) I: There are small shadows with an overall density of level 1, and the distribution range reaches at least two lung areas.
b) I+: There are small shadows with an overall density of level 1, and the distribution range exceeds 4 lung areas; or there are small shadows with an overall density of level 2, and the distribution range reaches 4 lung areas.
3. Second-stage pneumoconiosis (Ⅱ)
a)Ⅱ: There are small shadows with an overall density of 2, distributed in more than 4 lung areas; or with an overall density of 3 Level small shadows, distributed in four lung areas.
b) II+: There are small shadows with an overall density of level 3, and the distribution range exceeds 4 lung areas; or there are small shadows gathering; or there are large shadows, but they are not enough to be diagnosed as III.
Byssinosis is a respiratory obstructive disease (byssinosis or byssinosis) caused by inhalation of cotton dust, linen dust, and cork dust that causes bronchoconstriction and damage to lung function.
People who are exposed to cotton dust for the first time or are occasionally exposed to high concentrations of cotton dust may develop chills, muscle and joint pain, dry cough, fatigue, and fever a few hours after exposure to cotton dust, which are similar to early symptoms of influenza. It is now known that this is actually Organic Dust Toxicity Syndrome (ODTS). A small number of workers exposed to cotton dust will experience a decrease in lung ventilation function half an hour after the initial exposure, which will worsen during the work week and may be accompanied by wheezing, which is consistent with the performance of occupational asthma.
. Drug treatment Kesiping (poly-2-vinylpyridine nitrogen oxide) has the function of protecting macrophages. Take 8 ml (320 mg) of 4% aqueous solution for aerosol inhalation, 6 times a week, 3 months as a course of treatment. In addition, aluminum citrate, yellow root, phosphoric acid nanaron and bifenthrin are effective. These drugs mainly relieve symptoms "densely" by using the sealing method. It can be summarized as the eight-character policy of "revolution, water, density, wind, protection, management, education, and investigation". “Gege” refers to the reform of backward production process equipment and technical measures to fundamentally eliminate the hazards of dust; “water” refers to the use of wet operations to prevent dust from flying; to prevent dust from entering the air; “wind” refers to strengthening ventilation in the workplace to Dust is extracted from the site to reduce the concentration below the allowable concentration of national standards; "protection" means strengthening personal protection, using dust masks, air supply helmets, etc. that meet national standards to protect workers; "management" means strengthening management and establishing a sound and effective The management system and necessary measures as well as the maintenance and repair system of dust-proof equipment; "teaching" means providing necessary occupational health education and dust-proof education to workers; "checking" means implementing the pre-employment and regular physical examination system for workers working in dust operations.
It is recommended that all employees working in dusty environments must take respiratory protection measures for your health. Choose a dust mask scientifically, choose a good mask with good protective effect, smooth breathing, and economical use. Helps prevent lung damage from occurring.