"It is easy to break a thief in the mountains, but it is difficult to break a thief in the heart." I read Wang defeng

Excerpt from Wang Yangming's Theory of Mind and Its Significance (I) by Wang Defeng.

Why is life a problem? Because we have infinite hearts. We live in every moment, and we live in the present by planning and the future. We go beyond reality to plan the future that doesn't exist yet. Planning the future is to put forward ideals. What we want to settle down is this infinite heart.

Our infinite mind can't stay on limited things, and all the things that make up this real world are limited. Our infinite mind can't settle down in the real world.

So the first step to settle down is to transcend the real world, that is, to be born.

? Infinite soul can't be precipitated in the real world, because everything in the real world is limited, and no matter how luxurious the villa is, no matter how high the power is, it is also limited.

The most important thing in life is to deal with the troubles inside your own life, that is, the settlement of infinite heart. It was just born. It's called transcending reality. Show a way first, and let his heart grow. We should be born first, then join the WTO, and do the things of joining the WTO with the spirit of being born. The first step is to be born, and then to join the WTO. The premise of joining the WTO is to be born. The premise of culture is that this nation should have the spirit of being born first, and then do the things of joining the WTO. How should people arrange this most difficult life?

The theme of western philosophy is knowledge, while the theme of China's philosophy is life. If you don't settle down, there will be trouble. The highest peak of China's philosophy of life is Wang Yangming's theory of mind.

Buddhist scriptures speak Chinese, which must be the China of Buddhist thought. The confluence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism made Lu Wang's theory of mind. What is the birth of Confucianism and the road to WTO? In short, do nothing.

"To do things, life is alive, you have to do things, and life without doing things is not life. For example, if you have two feet, you have to walk, and if you have a brain, you have to think and learn. Inaction is for the purpose of doing something, and we all do things with a purpose. Think that what you are doing is the means and purpose to achieve another thing. It should be the reason why we did it, because it should have been done a long time ago. It is your own value and your own purpose. This is not the way to achieve another goal. This kind of thing is doing nothing. We do this because it should be done, and it is wrong not to do it. Such a life will never fail, and there is no life of failure. We do all kinds of things because they should be done. It is not because we have done such a thing that we get a favorable result. Not for this reason. "

Read excerpts from Wang Defeng-What is the purpose of doing things? -

What is a life that never fails? Here it is. The reason why we try to do it is because this is its value. It is your own value and your own purpose. So we did it. We may even know from our own experience that the consequences of doing this will be unfavorable to us, and I will still do it. This is called knowing what you can't do. This is the unity of the spirit of Confucianism's birth and the spirit of joining the WTO.

Let's look at Taoism again. How can he show a way of being born? It can also be summed up in one sentence, doing nothing.

Inaction is not doing nothing, but doing things artificially. The combination of two artificial Chinese characters is false. Fake is man-made, and Taoism opposes man-made. Why doesn't it work China's philosophy has a * * * consistent position, called the unity of man and nature. Both Confucianism and Taoism believe that Confucianism is people-oriented and Taoism is heaven-oriented. Taoism believes that the happiness of life comes from heaven, and the troubles and troubles of life come from people themselves. This is the starting point of Taoism. So from this starting point, the principle of Taoism must teach us to do subtraction. If human factors are subtracted, the cleaner the subtraction, the better. For the loss of Tao, loss is also loss. Loss is to reduce, reduce human factors, and completely lose. Eating is natural, but how to eat, the spirit of Taoism has come, and eating well is artificial.

Once man-made things are washed away, you will see heaven.

There is no way to tell us what heaven is. Tao cannot be said. You can only say that it is not what it is, not what it is. Take away everything that is either nothing or man-made Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi tell us how to do subtraction. Learning the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi means learning the method of subtraction, and such practice will unconsciously act on heaven. Don't increase your own artificial goals, try artificially, you haven't set your own goals, God has already set your life, and you will follow, and happiness will come.

? I came to this world and you came to this world with one thing in common. We all came with things.

This thing is not given by parents, nor is it given by the environment. It is what we have come to this world many times and accumulated. Don't think that we are coming to this world for the first time. We have been here many times. Can you believe it? Wang Defeng has started to talk about superstition now, and I really believe it now. I really can't give a scientific argument. This matter is beyond the scope of scientific thinking. It all depends on our understanding.

I, Wang Defeng, want to study philosophy. At that time, I thought I made this decision myself. Later, I learned that it was my karma that required me to do that kind of empty learning. This is my karma. We choose this wish or that wish, there is no such thing. We have this desire, but not that desire. It's not our decision, but this desire comes to us. We choose how to realize it. We have a little freedom in this matter. As for what we want in our hearts, it is not our freedom. It just came. So each of us has karma. You can't do my work, and I can't do yours. Their karma is different. What do you mean by doing things? Buddhists say that you have come to this world again in your life, and you have to do something. Everything you do is karma, because you come with karma. You can't avoid this, just do it well. Doing things is karma, because doing things is for karma, so I don't want results. It would be better if there were no results. It would be better if there were no results. What if there is a result? It is very likely that the old business has not disappeared, and the new business has come again. But where is the result of doing things? Buddhists also see that as long as you do something, there will be a result, but this result has nothing to do with you. This is not your business. You didn't create new business, so it was unintentional. Unintentional doesn't mean teaching us not to do things seriously. We must do things seriously, but we don't care about the result. Because doing things is quitting. It removes nothing but the heart. If you can't refuse something, you should pick it up and do it.

Judaism says that we have knowledge, and pride is a sin. The premise of faith is humility. Fully understand the nothingness they face and live in the present with an understanding of nothingness. Westerners are born by worshipping God and longing for the kingdom of heaven. Christian marriage is part of God's cause.

Benevolence is the core concept of Confucianism, and Confucianism is benevolence. Philosophy of mind (Confucian school)

Mencius believed that human nature is good, and the root of morality lies in people's hearts. Xunzi said that people have a biological instinct to protect themselves. In order to avoid mutual destruction, we developed morality. We abide by morality in order to control the interest struggle in a suitable range. Mencius believes that morality comes from our hearts, and everyone has a four-sided heart. The foundation of Confucius' theory of benevolence lies in our hearts, hiding our hearts and the end of benevolence.

Our bodies separate ourselves from others, and the hidden heart naturally rises, breaking the barrier between bodies. At this time, this heart is connected with this child, which is called empathy.

Each of us exists as an individual, individualism, that is, individualism. The principle that dominates the modern west is individualism. Individualistic individuals once lived in Christian groups as individuals and declined in Christianity. They came out of the group and became independent people. Then they determine individual relationships, contracts and principles according to the law of reason, and use reason to determine contracts. Therefore, the principle of individualism is the basic principle of European society since modern times.

Although we admit that the skeleton is separate, it is connected with benevolence and is an integrated benevolence. Not only the same kind, not our kind, but also the pain of birds and animals will make us feel pity. Huahuawawa was destroyed for no reason. We will also sympathize. The whole universe tends to life, and the existence of inorganic substances creates conditions for the existence of organic substances. Organic matter tends to plants, plants tend to animals, and animals eventually tend to people. Man is life emotion, and the core of life emotion is benevolence.

According to China's cosmology, the whole universe tends to life, and life tends to its truth, which is called life emotion. We can't live without inorganic substances, so we will feel sorry for tiles and stones if they are destroyed for no reason. Are there no inorganic substances in nature that can survive? Plants come, animals feed on plants, and the food chain comes. So plants are more inclined to animals, and animals are more inclined to the highest beings, people. The highest sentient thing is called man, and the real existence of human life emotion is called benevolence. So Ren knows everything. The benevolent is integrated with everything in the world.

Wang Yangming said: "The heart is rational, but the heart is irrational." Stock trading is outside the heart. Today's civilization is full of ulterior motives, which is very terrible. You abandoned your heart for reason and killed our lives.

? Back to China's theory of mind, unreasonable outside the heart. What you want to grasp is the truth that is tenable in your heart, and the truth that has no inner foundation is called the truth outside your heart, which is not credible. It fundamentally threatens your life. Once our heart dies, how about following the principle outside the heart? The way to compete for benefits is outside the heart.

The study of mind is not psychology, but the heart is where justice lies. Justice is not the study of knowledge, but justice, and justice is in the heart. Wang Yangming said, "Conscience is the place where justice appears, so conscience is justice". I had this sentence in my stomach, and I suddenly understood it at the critical moment. The mind is reason. This is the first proposition of Wang Yangming's theory of mind. He comes from Mencius. Mencius said that the truth cannot be sought from outside, and everything is ready, except the east wind. Then he said, if there is no way to learn, please rest assured. We are learning to find the lost heart. Let go of your heart and recall, and recall is called learning. Call back the released heart.

The core concept of Xunzi's theory is ceremony, and Xunzi advocates governing the country with ceremony. We may abide by etiquette, but we don't have the heart, so we will become respectful, gentle and sincere, but in fact we seek our own interests by means of moral rules. This character is called homesickness. Because Xunzi made us believe that morality has no foundation in people's hearts. This was invented by the cleverness of the mind. In the final analysis, we abide by it for the benefit. In Xunzi's theory, we have developed a kind of national character and homesickness. We abide by moral rules not out of our inner consciousness, but out of interest considerations. Therefore, Mencius' theory is rarely understood by contemporaries.

The highest achievement of Buddhism in China is Zen, which is a study of mind. In Buddhist language, it is said. The purpose of Zen is sixteen words. "Don't teach others, don't stand on words, point to people's hearts, and see the Buddha." Only one person, Faxiangzong, knows about it. Zen caught the heart. Master Hong Ren said that disciples only want Fukuda, not suffering from life and death. Life and death matter in the world. Nirvana is called immortality, and learning from Buddhism seeks nirvana, not just Fukuda. If you are fascinated by yourself. If you can't see your own noumenon, what can the Buddha ask for? Since the noumenon is Buddha-like, everyone has Buddha-like nature. Who will treat this personality as a Buddha? It's the heart.

See gold but not the public, often see the golden body. The difference between phases disappeared, only seeing the gold itself. He didn't turn a blind eye to the phase, but was not confused by it. No pictures, no pictures. Your brand-name bag does not interfere with my ordinary bag or bag. We see the difference between a bag and a bag. We know what this bag is for. You look at the gold with five senses, but you look at the gold itself with your heart. When this heart comes, it will always be looking at the golden body and not seeing the public.

Eight words are the core of the diamond sutra thought, "You should have nothing to live in but your heart." Living is living, living is objective, but don't stay in it. Being alive means that we distinguish everything in the world, people from people. This is life, and we are still stuck in this distinction. If you can't go on, then wake up and have a heart. As long as you get up and see the Buddha's nature. It's like that man came to the gold warehouse and saw the gold itself. This metaphor is so interesting. Gold itself is something you can never see with the naked eye. Look carefully, your eyes, ears, nose and tongue can only find different devices.

The second question is, can gold itself exist alone? No Gold itself is called golden body, which can only exist in different vessels. You can't see another gold itself. What does this mean? Don't pull the Buddha's nature out of this real world, just wait for us to see it, just like gold itself always exists in different gold wares. For the same reason, don't leave the real world when practicing Buddhism. "Buddhism is in the world and never leaves the world." You can't leave the world to realize "Kubote after death", and leave the real world to seek the highest wisdom called Bodhi. "It's like seeking the horn of a rabbit", just as you want to leave the real world to seek the Buddha nature waiting for you, just like you ask a rabbit to grow two horns.

This has two meanings. First, you should get rid of other people's confusion. This step is called being born and always looking at the golden body. Born as a man, but returned to the world, gold itself is not separated from various objects. You ask for gold itself in all kinds of utensils. This is the second meaning.

Let's put it another way, Zen, we practice, and we practice with troubles. Trouble is bodhi, and the world is full of trouble, so it is called the dust world. Don't refuse dust, because troubles come from the heart. If there is no heart, there is no worry, only physical pain, so worry is not to reject it, because it comes from the same source as our wisdom, heart. The mind has two uses, one is to use your troubles, and the other is to use your wisdom, both of which come from your heart. Our troubles prove our infinite heart, the heart of Mencius. Without this heart, there is no trouble. How to fix it? Worry has become the material of our practice, which is a very confident and brave practice method called Zen. Don't be afraid that we have troubles and refuse to worry. Our hearts are as calm as water, without any ripples. When the wind blows water, there will be ripples, which is normal. If the wind blows water, wrinkles will naturally form. How can you live in the world without encountering the wind? When the wind comes, the water will be uneven. That's trouble, but don't follow it. Trouble is waves on the water, water or water. Waves of water will not increase or decrease water if they rise or fall. The sea is surging every day, and the total amount of the sea is increasing, neither increasing nor decreasing, so this is Zen. We should seize the troubles to cultivate this heart, because the troubles are also from the heart.

This idea of Zen is very great. Later, Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties absorbed Zen thoughts and became Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng and Neo-Confucianism in Wang Lu. The goals of these two schools are the same, which is what Wang Yangming said. There is a thief in everyone's heart in China. It is easy to break a thief in the mountains, but difficult to break a thief in the heart. How to break the thief in the heart is just like how to break the trouble, just like our heart.