In China, there are mainly wrinkled papaya, hairy papaya and smooth papaya.
1, wrinkled papaya:
Alias: papaya, mulberry, begonia, papaya, pear, wrinkled papaya, papaya soup, papaya and so on.
Deciduous shrubs of Rosaceae and Chaenomeles. Belonging to Rosaceae, the fruit is used as medicine, which has the functions of relaxing muscles and activating collaterals and regulating stomach dampness. China Pharmacopoeia records Changyang's "Qiu Zi Chaenomeles" as a kind of wild medicinal Chaenomeles, which has unique medicinal and health-care value and has the reputation of "fruit of all benefits".
Chaenomeles rugosa is also a unique single ornamental tree species. Dense and prickly branches can be used as green bamboo shoots. The fruit contains malic acid and tartaric acid, which can be used as medicine after drying, and has the effects of expelling chickens, relaxing muscles and tendons, activating collaterals, relieving pain, reducing swelling and smoothing qi.
2. Chaenomeles pubescens:
It belongs to the genus Chaenomeles of Rosaceae, ranging from deciduous shrubs to small trees, with a height of 2-6 meters; Branches erect and spiny; Branchlets are purplish brown, cylindrical, hairless, leaves are elliptic, lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, the upper part sometimes forms double serrations, the lower part has sparse serrations, and the petiole is hairy or hairless; Stipules are herbaceous, kidney-shaped, ear-shaped or semicircular, with open flowers and short or thick pedicels; Calyx tube bell-shaped ovoid to oval, petals obovate or suborbicular, reddish or white.
Distributed in China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. It grows on slopes, forest sides, roadsides, cultivated or wild at an altitude of 900-2500 meters.
Papaya is a versatile medicinal plant for flowers and fruits in spring and autumn. Papaya begonia fruit is rich in various nutrients, which has the functions of invigorating spleen, promoting digestion, resisting epidemic and killing insects, supplementing nutrition, improving disease resistance and relieving spasm.
3, papaya:
Papaya, a shrub or small tree of Rosaceae, is 5-10m high, with elliptic or oblong leaves, sparsely obovate, 5-8cm long, 3.5-5.5cm wide, petiole 5-10mm long, slightly pilose and dentate; The fruit is oval, long10-15cm, dark yellow, woody, fragrant and short. It blooms in April and bears fruit in September -65438+ 10.
Shandong, Shaanxi, Henan (Tongbai), Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi.
It is usually cultivated for viewing, and the fruit tastes astringent. It is boiled or soaked in sugar solution to eat. As a medicine, it has the effects of relieving alcoholism, resolving phlegm, promoting qi circulation and stopping dysentery. After drying, the skin is still smooth and does not shrink, so it is called papaya with smooth skin. Wood is hard and can be used as a bedpost.
Extended data:
The main value of papaya:
1, economic value:
The fresh fruit of medicinal papaya contains more tannins and organic acids, and the sugar content is relatively low, which is sour and not suitable for raw eating. But its fruit is rich in nutrients and vitamins. The acidic components in papaya include malic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid. These organic acids have pure sour taste, and can be made into products with unique flavor after proper dilution and supplemented with certain sweeteners such as sucrose or honey.
2. Health care value:
The health care function is obvious. Taking papaya as raw material, the products that have been successfully developed and marketed mainly include papaya juice drinks, papaya preserves, papaya fruit wine, papaya fruit vinegar and so on.
At present, anti-aging preparations such as superoxide dismutase SOD extracted from papaya, papaya compound antioxidant essence (health food), concentrated granules of modern papaya single Chinese medicine, papaya tablets dried in vacuum at low temperature, papaya honey effervescent tablets and so on are being studied and developed. The preliminary and pilot tests of papaya fruit powder and other types of food have been successful and will be put into production soon.
Papaya fruit processing products can also be used as raw materials for chemicals and cosmetics, as feed or additives. Beauty products, such as papaya whitening soap, fragrant flower rain papaya whitening facial cleanser, papaya milk whitening bath lotion, papaya whitening hand cream, extracted papaya compound antioxidant essence, etc. , which is very popular in North America and Europe and has broad prospects.
3. Edible value:
Papaya is delicious, and it also has therapeutic effect, especially for women. Papaya contains proteolytic enzymes, which can compensate the secretion of pancreas and intestine, supplement the deficiency of gastric juice and help decompose protein and starch.
Papaya is rich in carotene and vitamin C, which has strong antioxidant capacity, helps the human body to repair tissues, eliminate toxic substances, enhance human immunity, and help the human body resist virus attacks including H 1N 1. The effective components in papaya fruit can improve the efficacy of phagocytes.
4. Ornamental value:
Papaya is also often used as an ornamental tree, as a rootstock for grafting begonia, or as a bonsai cultivated in the courtyard or garden, which has the function of greening and beautifying the city.
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