At the same time, there are photos of Zhabei dwellings, Commercial Press and Oriental Library destroyed and burned by the Japanese army. In the Map of Songhu War Zone in the book, the legend of the Japanese army is represented by an "X" (all the pictures in this edition are provided by Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Publishing House).
A few days ago, the series of Historical Materials of the Anti-Japanese War between Songhu and Shanghai published by Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Publishing House was launched in Shanghai. As one of the "Shanghai War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War Series", Historical Materials of the Anti-Japanese War in Songhu made full use of the collection resources of Shanghai Library and photocopied and published the historical materials of the two wars. Relevant experts believe that this is the first time that the publishing industry has fully displayed the whole picture of the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu in the form of a large series of books, which is of great historical research and academic value.
Songhu * * 12 has 32 works included in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's historical materials. Among them are newsletters, documentaries, memoirs and reportage. The battlefield records of the witnesses include the war notes of the officers and men who participated in the war, which restored many little-known details of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Starting from the historical value, academic value and ideological education significance, the editorial team of the series selected some most representative works for photocopying. There are books that record and comment on the battles, such as The History of Shanghai's Anti-Japanese Bloody Battle, The Whole History of the 19th Route Army's Bloody Battle, The First Air Battle in the Far East, etc., as well as documents of the participating troops and personal records written by the soldiers, such as the 19th Route Army's 6 1 division12/brigade's two battles in Shanghai and the fifth army's two battles in Shanghai. The series also contains a large number of rare original materials, including many military secrets of the year, and this photocopy publication also retains the original appearance of the documents.
"Especially when war correspondents go in and out in the bullets, there are those silver-gray iron birds on their heads, dropping horrible bombs in the sky; In front is the enemy's relentless artillery fire, flying around like beads of beads, more like hunting dogs on the hunting ground, rushing to the most dangerous line of fire, searching for winning products. As war correspondents, we are not born heroes who are not afraid of death. One reason why we dare to venture to the front line every day is to inspire our patriotic enthusiasm, but the biggest reason is influenced by the loyalty and courage of the No.19 Chief Sergeant at the front line. We saw with our own eyes the energetic athletes on the front line. They are in danger of death all the time, but they are not afraid of death. They are all flesh and blood people like us, and they are all young heroes. They are not afraid of death, and of course we are not afraid of death. " This passage, published in February 1932 19 Evening News, can be regarded as a confession of a war correspondent in Songhu during the Anti-Japanese War. The Shanghai Incident and Reportage, edited by left-wing writer Qian Xingcun (A Ying), was completed in April 1932. At that time, the smoke of the Sino-Japanese War between Songhu and Shanghai had just dispersed. Many reports were written in trenches and bunkers by journalists from current affairs news, Damei Evening News and Da Evening News, which vividly outlined the battle of Caojiaqiao.
Yu Zidao, editor-in-chief of the series and professor of history at Fudan University, told reporters that one of the highlights and key points of the series is the interviews and reportage of many famous writers and journalists, accounting for more than one-third of the length of the series. A series of works, such as Shanghai Anti-Japanese War edited by Guo Moruo, The Line of Fire between Songhu and Shanghai edited by Fan Changjiang and A Record of Shanghai War edited by Zhang Pengzhou, are full of patriotic feelings in the form of reportage, which have witnessed the historical responsibility of this generation of journalists and writers.
"There are two planes in the sky, hovering over our heads. On the right side of the road where we are going, there is a wall of earth. The planes will aim at that place, throwing bombs one by one, and black smoke flying around, just like a volcanic eruption. An armed comrade on the roadside told us that it was the old powder magazine of Wusongbao. " The documentary "Under the Fireline of Wusong Cannon" recorded the scene of Japanese bombing at that time. The battlefield news "Ruthless Iron Bird Egg" described the horrible atmosphere at that time-"In the beautiful spring and blue sky in the south of the Yangtze River, countless silver-gray iron birds were added, and the buzzing sound shattered the dreams of the people of Shanghai ... Only those ambulance trucks with red flags on a white background were full of 19 wounded soldiers and innocent people like lambs. The pedestrians on the road all have nervous expressions on their faces. Everyone is pregnant with a ghost. I'm afraid that heartless iron bird eggs will fall from the sky like flying generals. On the railway track of Zhenru Station, there are four iron wagons with soldiers on them. The two iron canopies have been destroyed and deformed, leaving only two pairs of bones. " At the end of the article, the author said, "I wish you all the best when you come back next time." Don't be afraid of those heartless iron eggs. They can only destroy the place where you live at most, but they can't finally subdue your heroic spirit. "
"These famous artists recorded the sacrifices and struggles of Japanese soldiers and civilians in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and inspired the morale of the war of resistance with pen and ink." Yu Zidao said that this fully reflected the sense of national mission of that generation of writers and the important textual value of documentary literature in that period of history.
Disclosing the details of the campaign highlighted the morale and aspirations of the army and civilians.
"My fellow citizens! Comrades! If we have the slightest fear and care from the chief executive to the chef, it will not only be the suicide of our revolution, but also stifle the prestige of glorious history and the dying life of the Chinese nation ... the bell of freedom has rung and the blood of saving lives is boiling. Don't think that material enemies are no match for people. We must overcome everything with great sacrifice, and we will definitely win the battle and save China. " This essay from "A Letter to All the Officers and Men of the 19th Route Army" is full of patriotic passion and fighting spirit, which makes the officers and men of the 19th Route Army excited.
1932 65438+1On the night of October 28th, the rumble of guns pierced the night sky in Shanghai. Unexpectedly, the Japanese met such a difficult opponent of the 19th Route Army.
In a fierce battle in Zhabei, a company commander was wounded in the right cheek by a bullet, but he bravely commanded at the front line. Later, his left arm was interrupted by gunfire and he still endured great pain. The battalion commander ordered him to retreat to the rear. He said to the battalion commander, "I'm not dead yet. Why should I retire? " The series of articles "Comrades who are not afraid of death" tells the story of officers and men who are not afraid of death in the eyes of journalists. The reporter affectionately called the 19th Route Army "brothers": "Brothers in blue, they are still lively and brave, and the traces of hard struggle are not engraved on their faces. There is only one thing: these brothers, they are not the same as before. They all took off their silk cotton vests and were embarrassed to say it. " The reporter asked: "When can I wear it? It's cold. " "When to wear? Wait for us to return to Huangpu River smoothly! " The hot-blooded answer landed.
At that time, Cao Juren, a famous writer and journalist, wrote a lot of articles about the heroic resistance of soldiers during the Sino-Japanese War, which vividly restored the heroic scene of patriotic soldiers and civilians bravely marching forward and dying. For example, he recorded in detail the three mechanics of armored artillery cars, Liu Dabao, Miao Zhao Si and Jiang Xida. Mr. Sun, one of the interviewees, was quoted as saying, "Not only did Columbus discover the new continent of America, but it was also easy for people to forget the sailors who sailed westward with Columbus." Because of the need of combat, the armored gun car must be driven by skilled technicians, but the technicians on the gun car are as dangerous as the frontline soldiers. If the enemy finds the position of the cannon, the bombs on the plane will come quickly and may be blown to dust. Mr. Sun told the three mechanics word for word: "Comrade! You should always understand the word country. The country is as inseparable as our body, and no cell can be unrelated to the pain of the body. The enemy's knife pierced our bodies, and we must resist for the sake of the whole body and life. We must destroy the enemy's magic sword, for ourselves and for our children! " At this time, the tears of Mr. Sun and the three technicians all flowed down.
In addition, the article "Battle of Miaoxing Town" records the process of the 259 Brigade Sun Department's tenacious resistance to the Japanese aggressors and repelling the Japanese army during the period of 1 1 day from February 20th to March 20th. A Brief Introduction of the Air Force's Anti-Japanese War, written by journalist Wu, recorded some basic information about the Japanese Air Force's operations against China in the two months after the Lugouqiao Incident, and introduced many air combat and air force achievements. According to the statistics in the book, in August of 1937, * * * shot down 6 1 fighter planes, and there were about 300 Japanese aviation officers and soldiers killed or injured in our country.
Not only the officers and men of the 19th Route Army have a spirit of not fearing death, but also many ordinary young men and women have joined the rescue forces. There are many female students in Suzhou Women's Vocational Middle School among the members of the ambulance team of a certain division. The reporter asked one of them, "Can lesbians adapt to military life?" The female student smiled and nodded. The reporter continued to ask, "Are lesbians afraid of guns and fires?" The other side calmly replied: "We are not afraid of death, and we are also afraid of gunfire."
There are many vivid historical events in the fifth series "A Record of the Battle of Songhu", such as the patriotic spirit of Guangdong people and the initiative of saving the country by plane in Zhongshan County. Most of the content is heard and witnessed by the editor with rich details. The performance of ordinary people in the war is also vividly described, and the mental state of the soldiers and civilians in the Anti-Japanese War is vivid.
It provides abundant evidence for the study of the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu.
"Pick up your gun and go. Fight hard with this evil tiger and wolf. We have suffered a lot, so we will settle accounts with him today. Tell your mother: don't be sad! Don't be sad! Tell your lover: don't panic! Don’t panic！ When we win, we will return home in triumph. " This song of the 19th Route Army is fearless of Japanese war songs and sings the determination and fighting spirit of officers and men.
The fourth series "History of Anti-Japanese War of the 19th Route Army 6 1 Division 1 2/Lvsonghu" contains not only photos and inscriptions of 19th Route Army generals, photos of some war cases and trophies, but also valuable historical materials such as marching diaries and telegrams from 1932 to1March. The ninth series "Some Souvenirs of November 28th" includes a letter to all officers and men of the 19th Route Army jointly published by Chen, Jiang Guangnai, Cai Tingkai, in which the letter states generously: "The evil of Japanese imperialism has been exposed to us as much as possible. It has seized my three northeastern provinces, occupied my Jinzhou, attacked my Jehol and disturbed my Ping Jin ... unbearable; If I don't save myself, who can save us ",and show the determination of the war of resistance," no one can save the country without resistance. Compared with the arduous anti-Japanese war, it has rich significance and value first. You can guarantee world peace by throwing your head. Sprinkle a drop of blood, that is, save a country. "
Xie Junmei, a professor at East China Normal University, pointed out that from the beginning of the battle, the soldiers of the 19th Route Army regarded this battle as a move to safeguard world peace and save the nation from peril. "It can be said that the Sino-Japanese War between Songhu and Shanghai was an outpost of the world anti-fascist war and a preview of China people's opposition to Japanese aggression before the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China." It is mentioned in the seventh series "Shanghai Disaster and Japan" that the Sino-Japanese War in Shanghai and Shanghai boosted the national prestige and "changed the international outlook", which gave a head-on blow to Japanese imperialism, which also reflected the anti-Japanese face of China's army from one side.
Another important document, Scar of Two RoadsNo. 128, contains 132 photos and a large number of statistical data, such as the martyrdom table of two roads and the loss table of two roads' property business. The so-called "two roads" refer to Beijing-Shanghai and Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo. At that time, the Japanese army bombed Wusong Zhenru and Nanxiang with its planes and heavy artillery, and the bridge tracks along the two roads were destroyed, and so on. The bloody battle of the troops in front is well known, but the unarmed employees in the two roads are little known. But these are also achievements that two employees can't bury. We can see the casualties of the employees who were killed at that time from the Martyrdom Table of Two Roads-1February 7, 932, when the Japanese attacked the station building of Kunzaobang Station and caught fire, Ji Youqing, the stationmaster of the station, led the employees who stayed at the station to put out the fire and shot themselves. On the morning of February 24th of the same year, Wang Jingxian, who was stationed as a substitute in the electrical department, was sent to work in Nanxiang, but unfortunately he was killed by Japanese bombing ... The bloody case of hemorrhoids was extremely painful.
"The scars of the two roads are also scars of human peace and justice in the world. The public opinion at that time had realized that in order to make these scars subside forever, we must put aside our sadness, summon up courage, constantly fight against power and strive for peace and justice. " Su Zhiliang, a professor at Shanghai Normal University, said that the re-photocopying and publication of these historical materials confirmed Shanghai's profound anti-Japanese war tradition. "From the September 18th Incident to the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Shanghai has always been the center of resisting Japan and saving the nation, and our urban spirit was tempered from this period of history. The detailed historical materials provided by the series provide rare evidence for the study of the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu, and some publications have been hard to trace, highlighting their precious literature value. "
During the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu, a group of Shanghai financial and business leaders formed the "Local Residents' Maintenance Association", which was divided into economic groups, comfort groups and relief groups. In wartime, they fully undertook the task of supporting the front and stabilizing the rear, and subsidized the government beyond its power. A report on the maintenance meeting of local residents in Shanghai from 65438 to 0932 recorded all the work of the maintenance meeting in detail, which is a rare source material. This also made a vivid footnote for the nature of the national war of resistance between the two world wars.
A new interpretation of the old text
The struggle between iron and blood
At noon, we got off the bus. On the way to a small town on the outskirts of Shanghai, we saw the ruins of "1.28" from a distance, broken walls; We also saw the newly-built two-way administration building standing in the air. A warm sea breeze slaps on the dark face of each of our brothers. I seem to hear a voice in the wind, which is a welcome voice with joy and doubt, right? I can't help but hear an echo in my heart: "Don't be afraid! Although you may have to go through another ordeal this time, please rest assured, because each of us will definitely drive Japanese imperialism out of Shanghai forever with this determination stronger than steel! "
Although the brothers are complaining that time passes too slowly, because the night god is coming, the enemy will definitely come to our position to provoke. At that time, the anger and depression that have been suppressed in the chest for decades will get an opportunity to vent.
However, when night came, we watched the half-hooked waning moon rise slowly. At nine o'clock, at ten o'clock ... once, after two o'clock, we watched the half-hooked waning moon slowly fall in the west, and both brothers looked extremely anxious.
By three o'clock, the security guards have been patrolling continuously near Baoshan Road. Our team immediately separated from the security guard by two or three hundred meters. A small group of Japanese soldiers jumped out from behind the sandbags and stopped the security guard. A Japanese captain asked in unfamiliar China Mandarin:
"What are you doing in China? Do you want to surround our Japanese army and attack us? "
"China's army never wants to attack other countries' troops, and China's army is just guarding its own territory. Don't you want the security team to retreat to Shanghai for no reason? This is impossible because the security team is stationed in China! " This is the answer of a captain of the security team.
They walked behind their sandbags with a very unhappy expression, and just as the security team began to walk a few steps, they shot at the security team.
As soon as our brothers heard the gunshots, they rushed to fight back, but as soon as our gunshots rang, their gunshots stopped.
In the evening, we are near Jiangwan Road. We were ordered to attack the splayed bridge, but Qingyun Bridge was bombed by enemy soldiers in advance, so we had to make a detour. The enemy deployed closely at every intersection, and all the machine guns and tanks fired at our marching team.
We began to look for the position of enemy machine guns, gently joined three brothers, and slowly crawled on the grass with machine guns. When we were about 60 meters away from the enemy, we started shooting at the enemy's machine gun position.
Soon, their machine guns rang twice and they were silent. I can't describe my happiness at that time. I almost jumped up with excitement, and the brothers behind me rushed up at this time. Although the dense bullets were still beating in another field of the enemy soldiers, although the dense shells broke out around us, we finally rushed to the splayed bridge in the roar of our brothers!
steel soldier
At noon on the 24th, we met with Zhong Pinfang, the company commander, and Wei, the monitor, in the political training room of X Division. They just came down from the line of fire, their faces were covered with mud and dust, and their bodies were covered with blood. It can be seen that they have suffered a lot from day-to-day charge and hand-to-hand combat.
Because everyone is on the same front, and I heard that everyone speaks Cantonese, at first glance, they look like old friends reunited after a long separation, which is unspeakable. After expressing condolences, we knelt down.
Zhong Lianchang unloaded his three boxes of guns, lit a cigarette and chatted with us cheerfully.
I saw the blood on him and asked him where it came from. He pulled up his bloody clothes and smiled before answering me: "This is hand-to-hand combat!" " "
Wei, the monitor, is cleaning the gun. He handed us one. He pointed to the stain on the gun and said, "Look, there is blood on this gun, too!" " "You can imagine how tragic the war was at that time!
Later, we asked Zhong Lianchang to tell the story of their killing the enemy, and he was also very happy. He felt his long-lost beard, looked up and thought for half a ring, and began to describe their glorious history.
"I am the 19th night? By the way, it was the nineteenth night, and we drove to the front line of Shenjiaqiao to defend the second line. There was nothing to say that night except that enemy planes often bombed our positions. More than 30 planes were dispatched in turn, one team went and one team came, almost non-stop. We ignored him. Once, very dangerous. A bomb was thrown into our shutters, and the crossbar on it was blown off, and the whole roof collapsed. Fortunately, I quickly braced myself with two gun poles, or I was buried alive! We stayed there for one night, and the next morning, the friendly troops at the front changed, so we took them in. At that time, the enemy's position was not ready, and after a few rushes, the enemy retreated. I'm afraid the enemy suffered more than 1000 casualties in this battle. The ground is full of enemy bodies, and the trenches are full of them. The stench is really terrible, but there is no way to clean it, so we have to throw it outside the trench. "
Speaking of which, he seems to have some feelings. And after a pause, he finally poured out:
"I think this battle is the most valuable. In the past, civil war was really meaningless. Now, who is not excited about fighting for the country? Therefore, when our brothers rushed to the front, they all rushed to think that it would be shameful to die in the future. "
Excerpted from "On the Fire Line of Songhu Lake" edited by Fan Changjiang, FebruaryNo. 1938 (No.12 of Songhu Anti-Japanese War Historical Materials Series).
Wen Wei Po reporter Xu Yang