At the beginning of the new year, the Spring Festival is approaching. According to the traditional custom of our country, every household in urban and rural areas always puts up new Spring Festival couplets to show farewell to the old and welcome the new, hoping to spend a harmonious New Year's Eve and usher in a sweet and beautiful Spring Festival. It can be said that the Spring Festival is a unique traditional festival in China, while the Spring Festival couplets are a unique traditional culture in China. This is because the Spring Festival originated from China's long history and culture, and the Spring Festival couplets came into being with the annual Spring Festival, which entered the homes of ordinary people and merged into people's social life and customs.
China's understanding of Spring Festival couplets in ancient times can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Spring Festival couplets were carved on wooden rafts or stone pillars at the door, and some were also carved on long bamboo pieces hanging at the door. Later, they decorated the door with ink on thick ribbons (which northerners call hijab). After China invented papermaking in ancient times, Spring Festival couplets were written by literati and hung on paper banners, which later developed into red paper and posted in doorways and halls. Some people are also called Spring Festival couplets. In fact, Spring Festival couplets are just a kind of couplets. Numerous couplets also include congratulations on newly-married marriage, the completion of new houses, the anniversary of housewarming, birthdays and other festive festivals, as well as couplets such as elegiac couplets and filial piety couplets mourning the deceased relatives and friends. In China, Spring Festival couplets are the most popular and widely used. It goes hand in hand with firecrackers and wedding banquets, adding a bit of joy and auspiciousness to people's festive festivals. It should be said that the ancients studied the content and form of Spring Festival couplets. Because the format of Spring Festival couplets originated from China's classical poems, the original Spring Festival couplets required strict words to be even, that is, every word of the upper and lower couplets should be in a tone of Yin and Yang, and then written in calligraphy with strict brushwork, so ancient literati regarded Spring Festival couplets as a profound and elegant artistic creation.
However, with the popularization of vernacular Chinese and popular culture, people have paid less attention to the strict antithesis principle pursued by the ancients, but a decent couplet should at least pay attention to equivalence in word selection, that is, the number of words and the part of speech should be relative. According to the norms of modern Chinese, nouns, adjectives, verbs, numerals and other phrases in the upper and lower couplets should be arranged in an orderly way, and the last word of each pair of upper and lower couplets should be at least even. Generally speaking, if the last word in the upper couplet is a hyphen (that is, the third and fourth sounds of Chinese Pinyin), then the last word in the lower couplet should be a flat tone (that is, the first and second sounds of Chinese Pinyin). This should be the minimum requirement for creating couplets, otherwise it is not called couplets, at least it is not a standard couplet. On the occasion of the Spring Festival, when visiting relatives and friends or strolling through the streets and lanes, you can really enjoy the Spring Festival couplets posted by every household while you are happy. By carefully choosing words, you can appreciate the meaning and really appreciate your eyes and cultivate your sentiment. If you have the heart to ponder and recite those wonderful couplets, it is tantamount to a unique artistic appreciation. Because when you see, read and evaluate the wonderful Spring Festival couplets, it is a useful attempt to improve your artistic appreciation. I still remember the TV series Lian filmed by Nanchang TV a long time ago, which collected many wonderful couplets that are well-known in ancient China, which can be described as "Jia Jueju, witty remarks". 〃
It is said that when the new China was born, Beijing, Chongqing, Chengdu, Xi, Nanning and Changchun celebrated together. The author skillfully uses the names of six major cities in China, but it is inappropriate to savor them carefully. Please look at the meaning of "Chongqing" as a verb in this couplet. The meanings of "Chengdu" and "Changchun" are not equal, and the last words of the couplet are flat. Strictly speaking, this couplet is a fly in the ointment!
It is said that another person skillfully used eight place names in Jiangxi to make couplets: the new stone city has been built for thousands of years, and the bronze drums will be built forever, making Leping happy. Pay attention to the word, the meaning of the word, and the relative sound. This is a wonderful combination. In the early years, I saw a pair of good Spring Festival couplets in Jingdezhen, the capital of porcelain: "The sun shines on the sun and the moon, and the blue and white phoenix trees float in the spring and autumn." In this couplet, "Sanyang Kaitai" and "Blue-and-white Indus" belong to Jingdezhen's famous traditional art porcelain, while "Sunmoon Shines" and "Fragrant Spring and Autumn" in the upper and lower couplets are in the word, meaning of the word.
Clever objection. It can be seen that the author of this couplet knows well the way of ancient couplets.
I have a friend who graduated from the graduate school of a university the year before last with a master's degree in literature. His literary background is not shallow, especially good at poetry and painting. I remember one time I went to his house and saw a new Chinese painting hanging in his study, on which was inscribed a pair of couplets with pictures: "Painting with green branches outside the window, reading with tea in the house at night", which was poetic and picturesque. In the Spring Festival that year, he made a joint self-reward: "In three years, the cold window swept the winter snow everywhere, and the sky was full of prosperity. This couplet is profound and extraordinary, which makes me memorable.
The well-known commercial shop couplets: "Business is booming all over the world, and financial resources are flourishing to the Three Rivers" are different from the ancient couplets followed, but close to the modern couplets. Another example is "dragons and phoenixes sing auspicious songs in a prosperous time, and the harvest of grains celebrates peace", "Everything in the sea prospers, and people shine all over China", and "firecrackers say goodbye to the old year and plum blossoms announce the new year", which are all good Spring Festival couplets that have been circulated among Chinese people for many years. I can't forget many good Spring Festival couplets I saw in my hometown of Jingdezhen when I was a child, and I am still reciting them.
As the name implies, Spring Festival couplets are used for the Spring Festival, but other couplets can be used all year round. For example, the ancients sang Qiu Ge with poems and songs, "The years in Ran Ran make people old, and the scenery turns autumn again". Others sang Qiu Ge as a couplet, saying, "The rainbow reflects the pines towering, Wenfeng, and the autumn exhibition is young." I feel very different after reading it. During the Cultural Revolution, people often used Mao Zedong's poems as couplets, such as "The four seas are furious and the five continents are thunderous"; Another example is "Golden Monkey Rising with Thousands of Horses", and Yuyu clarifies Wan Li "; It shows the historical changes of that era, and people still remember it when they look back.
Most couplets are popular in five words and seven languages, which is closely related to the ancient poetry "five words" and "seven laws" Other couplets have six characters, eight characters and nine characters. In addition to the above examples, five-character couplets such as "Woye Li Qianlu, Wan Qingshan Muchun" and "Spring in the ancient city, China is full of sunshine"; Six-character couplets such as "Dapeng Gao Xiang Wan Li, Xiaolong soaring for thousands of years" (year of the snake Spring Festival couplets), "Golden Rooster Wings Dance, Silver Dog Singing" (Spring Festival couplets in the Year of the Dog); Eight-character couplets, such as "Six Livestock Flourish, All Families Enjoy the Happiness, All Grains Prosper, Everything Renews" and "Farewell the Old Good News and Welcome the Spring Breeze to Blow All Families"; Nine-character couplets are like "Spring breeze turns rain into green Jiang Nanan, and snow reflects the sun and shines again in Hero City". In addition, there are even more refined and wonderful four-character Spring Festival couplets, such as "New Year's Eve is gone, the Spring Festival is coming", "Spring returns to the earth, China is full of strength" and "peaches and plums are all over the world, and a generation of romantic couplets can be extended to" eleven-character Spring Festival couplets ".A generation of romantic figures vigorously express their ambitions, and the garden is full of peaches and plums, and heroes come forth in large numbers. It is said that the ancients once wrote a huge couplet with more than 100 words, but this kind of couplet with too many words is not suitable for the Spring Festival after all.
In addition to family couplets, there are Spring Festival couplets from all walks of life. For example, schools make joint efforts to cultivate peaches and plums all over the world and teach them faithfully throughout the campus. Enterprises use the link as "a thousand years of good news, a higher level of scientific research fruitful." All the above are recorded by the author. There are some good Spring Festival couplets in both urban and rural areas of China, among which there are many excellent works with positive significance and appreciation value.
Since the development of Spring Festival couplets in China, people have created many exciting and far-reaching Spring Festival couplets to celebrate the Spring Festival. Don't you see that "the songs in the north and south of the Yangtze River are brilliant, and the Great Wall dances inside and outside"; "Reform and opening up will add luster, and economic construction will show bright prospects." In the process of reform and opening up, the social outlook of China is changing with each passing day, making the annual Spring Festival more grand and auspicious. The long-term stability of the country makes people living in our great country feel happier and more excited. It is conceivable that a strong sense of the times will inspire people's enthusiasm for reform and construction. Let's celebrate the coming Spring Festival, another year of China's reform, and embrace the second spring of the 2/kloc-0 century. Let's splash ink, inspire words, and create more and better new Spring Festival couplets full of the flavor of the times.
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