The report suggests that in the first stage of the reform from 20 14 to 20 15, the government should consider the social affordability and the development of the labor market as a whole and study the methods and steps to delay the retirement age; The second stage will be implemented nationwide; In the third stage, from 2019 to 2020, a unified basic old-age insurance and basic social security system for employees will be established.
Pension integration is predictable.
At the beginning of 20 13, several opinions on deepening the reform of income distribution system were issued. After 1 year, the relevant implementation rules are expected to be promulgated in 20 14. Xu, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at the recent National Development and Reform Work Conference that in 20 14, the National Development and Reform Commission will coordinate and promote the promulgation of relevant implementation rules for deepening the reform of the income distribution system, and strive to increase the income of urban and rural residents, especially low-income groups.
It is worth noting that in the reform of income distribution, the controversial dual-track pension system is expected to break the problem this year. Yin Weimin, Minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said on February 26th, 20 13 that in 20 14, the old-age insurance system of government agencies and institutions will be reformed, and efforts will be made to solve the problems of "dual track system" and "poor treatment".
Pension integration: Don't talk about delaying retirement if the pension is not integrated.
Pension belongs to the secondary distribution of government transfer payment, and fairness is the first. The state has the obligation to let everyone live a dignified old age. The "dignity" here is only related to the natural attribute of people's age, and has nothing to do with identity, occupation, social status and contribution.
The National Conference on Human Resources and Social Security was held on 26th. Yin Weimin, Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, revealed that the average monthly basic pension for urban and rural residents in China is 8 1 yuan. Interestingly, according to the data of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of August 20 13, the national average urban and rural minimum living standards were 352 yuan per person per month and 189 yuan respectively. The basic pension for urban and rural residents is less than half of the minimum living standard.
The basic pension does not include the part that individuals pay more, but for those rural elderly and urban low-income people who have no money to pay more premiums, this is the whole of their later life. What is 8 1 yuan enough for? A commentary by Xinhua News Agency said that 8 1 yuan was only enough to buy 40 kilograms of rice in 2003; In 2009, the per capita basic pension for urban and rural residents was in 55 yuan every month, and about 50 Jin of rice could be bought. The purchasing power of basic pensions is getting worse and worse. The key point is that this absolute value is too small to be called "pension" at all, only pocket money.
Public opinion has been attacking the dual-track pension system, saying that there is a big gap between the pension benefits of retired workers and civil servants. In fact, China's pension system is more than a dual-track system. In addition to the civil servants' pension insurance system and urban workers' pension insurance paid in full by the government, there are also urban residents' pension insurance and new rural insurance. The gap between the latter two (that is, the old-age insurance for urban and rural residents) is even more amazing than that of the "dual track system".
In recent years, suicides among the elderly in rural areas have occurred frequently. Once you lose your ability to work and have no children to support you, you have to wait for death or take the initiative to end your life. As citizens of China, why do some people have to fend for themselves when they are old, or raise children to guard against their old age, while some elderly people can have plenty of food and clothing with the support of public finance?
There is a view that old-age care cannot be made into a pot of rice, but should be distributed according to the size of contribution, so it is normal for old-age care to be treated differently. Regardless of whether the contribution of civil servants to society is greater than that of farmers, the common sense of income distribution in modern society is that the primary distribution stresses efficiency and the secondary distribution stresses fairness. Pension undoubtedly belongs to the secondary distribution of government transfer payment, so fairness is the first. Even if those high-income earners have made great contributions to society, their contributions have been reflected in the distribution. It is unreasonable to get more asylum from public finance than other citizens after retirement. Why should secondary distribution be fair? Because the state has the obligation to let every citizen live a dignified old age, the "dignity" here is only related to the natural attribute of people's age, and has nothing to do with identity, occupation, social status and contribution.
The fairness of secondary distribution determines that the pension system can only be "one track" rather than "multiple tracks". If differences are allowed, they can only be based on the principle of equality of rights and obligations, and slight differences are allowed due to different payment years. Of course, different social classes have the right to strive for better pension treatment for themselves than the "first track", but this "better" can only rely on personal efforts. For example, you can buy commercial endowment insurance to make your old age richer than the average person without spending more taxpayers' money.
In recent years, the voice of "pension integration" is getting higher and higher. Regrettably, although "integration" has also entered the vision of decision-makers, it is not as intense as "delayed retirement". Although the official recognition is also a trend, the action can be slowed down. Even before the eight characters of how to merge are clear, experts from all walks of life began to worry about the vested interests after the merger-some suggested establishing occupational annuities and incorruptible annuities for retired civil servants, and some suggested raising civil servants' wages first. So hesitant, when will the merger wait?
Even if there are 10,000 reasons for delaying retirement, it is based on the integration of pensions. After all, delaying retirement is only related to the cumulative efficiency of pensions, while merging is related to social equity. For the pension system, fairness is a hundred times more important than efficiency. As long as pensions are not merged, it is impossible to win the understanding and recognition of most people by delaying retirement.
"Delayed retirement" will be announced several years in advance.
According to the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of Xinhua News Agency, it is necessary to "study and formulate a gradual policy of delaying retirement age". Hu Xiaoyi, Vice Minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said recently that gradually delaying retirement age is in line with the actual situation in China.
The new policy of endowment insurance retirement age 20 16
"Delayed retirement" is put on the agenda
Hu Xiaoyi said, comprehensive analysis of China's economic and social development factors, such as labor supply and demand, aging degree, etc., referring to international experience, fully considering the retirement age status and demands of different groups, and taking the way of gradually delaying the retirement age under the premise of clear goals can not only ensure a smooth transition before and after the policy adjustment, but also not cause too much impact on the current employment situation.
"The retirement age is a major social and economic policy. Judging from the stage and contradiction of China's economic and social development, it is indeed necessary to put the issue of delayed retirement age on the agenda. " Hu Xiaoyi said that the decision to "study and formulate the policy of gradually delaying retirement age" is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee from the overall, long-term and strategic perspective of China's economic and social development.
"Generally speaking, this policy involves many fields, and it is a comprehensive policy that has a significant impact on economic and social development." Hu Xiaoyi said, "Long-term, that is, this policy is not only considered for one or two years or longer, but involves long-term institutional arrangements; Strategic, that is, this policy is related to China's response to the challenges of demographic changes, making full use of human resources, giving play to its advantages and enhancing its national strength. "
At present, the retirement age of workers in China is 60 for men, 55 for women cadres and 50 for women workers. This was stipulated in the Labor Insurance Regulations in the early 1950s and the retirement policies of relevant institutions, and it is still being implemented.
"At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the life expectancy of China population was only about 40 years old. According to the working conditions, health level and physiological characteristics of men and women at that time, it is in line with the actual situation to formulate such standards. " Hu Xiaoyi said, "At present, the health level of our people has greatly improved, and the life expectancy of the population has reached 74 years (higher in cities and towns), while the average actual retirement age of men and women in enterprises is only 54 years old, which is obviously low."
Hu Xiaoyi said that at present, the average life expectancy of cities and towns in China is over 75 years old; Coupled with the improvement of working conditions, the average labor intensity is much lower than before. If we continue to maintain a low retirement age, on the one hand, it is not conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of young people; On the other hand, the pension benefits of retirees cannot be continuously and reasonably improved.
At present, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has a relatively unified basic idea for the policy of delayed retirement. In general, we will take small steps, starting with raising the retirement age of women and gradually extending the retirement age of men and women; After the introduction of the delayed retirement scheme, there will be a buffer period, which will take several years to enter the formal implementation stage.
Considering the huge differences among different groups, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security's delayed retirement policy will be flexible. The so-called flexibility means not to engage in "one size fits all". Specifically, priority will be given to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of laid-off workers, flexible employees, special types of work and other people with difficulties.
On March 9th, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Minister Yin Weimin, who attended the National "Two Sessions", said that the delayed retirement plan will definitely be introduced before 2020. In the next step, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will listen carefully to the opinions of all parties and fully demonstrate when formulating this policy.
According to the current policy, the retirement age of men in China is 60 years old, and professional women are divided into female cadres and intellectuals at the age of 55 and female employees at the age of 50. Compared with the retirement age of men, the retirement age of most professional women is lower.
Zheng Gongcheng, deputy dean of the School of Labor and Personnel of China Renmin University, believes that there is more room for women to delay retirement than men in China, and the relevant departments should adopt the mode of "women first, men later" when formulating the policy of delaying retirement. After a transition period of about 30 years, the retirement age for men and women will be adjusted to 65.
Other experts who support the retirement policy of "women first, men later" include Zheng Bingwen, director of World Social Security Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Yang Yansui, director of Tsinghua University Employment and Social Security Research Center. Zheng Bingwen believes that female workers in China should delay their retirement for at least 8- 10 years; Last August, Yang Yansui suggested that starting from 20 15, female employees and residents born in 1965 should be delayed for one year, and those born in 1966 should be delayed for two years, and so on. By 2030, women can receive pensions at the age of 65.
Zheng Gongcheng and Zheng Bingwen are experts involved in the reform of the official pension system. Entrusted by relevant departments, two experts drafted the reform plan of the old-age insurance system on behalf of their respective units in 20 13, and submitted it to Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security at the end of August. Among them, some suggestions on national pension planning, "dual-track" reform and delayed retirement have been affirmed by relevant departments.
20 13 10 up to now, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has organized relevant departments and experts to hold several rounds of discussions on revising and improving the top-level pension design scheme. Specific to delaying retirement, the basic consensus is that we should adopt a "small step, phased and gradual" approach, starting with delaying the retirement age of women and then gradually transitioning to men; In the implementation of the delayed retirement policy, there will be no "one size fits all" and priority will be given to protecting some difficult groups.
It can also be seen from the public statements of relevant departments that it is very likely to adopt the policy of "women first, men later" to delay retirement in the future. At the end of 20 13, a vice minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said in an interview that delayed retirement will start from the group with the lowest retirement age and then gradually expand to other groups; Jin Weigang, director of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Social Security Research Institute, also said before the National People's Congress that the problem of low retirement age of women in China at this stage is very prominent.
It is expected that during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, relevant departments will introduce a delayed retirement plan or postpone the specific implementation of this policy for several years. In Zheng Gongcheng's words, the reason why the government sets a "buffer period" for the delayed retirement policy is "to allow people to arrange their work and retirement life calmly under clear expectations"
In fact, according to the information disclosed by the World Health Organization, the healthy life expectancy of China people is only 66 years, not 75 years as claimed by experts who advocate delaying retirement, and its ranking in the world is only 8 1, which is far behind the developed countries in the west such as the United States.
20 16 The new retirement age specifies who is 65.
In the 1930s and 1950s, the average life expectancy in China was "low", mainly due to the decline of a large number of young and middle-aged people due to years of war and famine, especially the low survival rate of children and infants. The unfortunate death of too many minors does not affect the longevity of wage earners who live relatively well. When analyzing and studying the old-age burden of urban workers, we can't take the improvement of the average life expectancy of the whole people as an example.
"According to China's current management system, male employees can go through retirement procedures at the age of 60, female cadres at the age of 55 and female employees at the age of 50. When this retirement policy was formulated, the average age of the national population was 50. At present, the average life expectancy of China population has exceeded 70 years. "
For many experts and scholars who advocate delayed retirement for wage earners
Since the founding of New China more than 60 years ago, the "average life expectancy" of China people has been greatly improved, which is a very important basis. However, on this issue, the author thinks that the source and application of relevant data are debatable and should not be rushed and arbitrary.
Not to mention, if we really write a "blank check" based on the current situation of "average life expectancy of 50 years", is it humane for male employees to reach 60 years old, female cadres to reach 55 years old and female employees to reach 50 years old? Does this protection concept and system design that may not be humanized need to be continued? The so-called "the average age of the national population is 50 years old" itself deserves serious study.
In the 1930s and 1950s, it may be true that the average age of the national population was 50 years old, but this "low" life expectancy was mainly due to the war and famine at that time, including three years of natural disasters, which caused a large number of young people to wither, especially children and babies.
The survival rate is very low. Too many unfortunate minors have greatly reduced the "average life expectancy" of the national population. However, this overall "low" does not affect the "high" life expectancy of wage earners as a relatively superior class at that time.
In other words, "the average age of the national population is 50 years old" does not mean that most people in China at that time did not live to be 50 years old, or that about half of them did not live to be 50 years old. On the other hand, the average life expectancy of the whole population has been "lowered" due to factors such as premature deaths of infants and young people caused by war and famine. But this did not affect the relative longevity of the vast majority of working-class people in society at that time. From what we have heard and witnessed, it is said that in the past, old people and retired cadres over 50, 60 and 70 years old were rarely seen in rural and urban areas. Can you believe it? What is the proportion of wage earners, especially those who eat commodity grain, who die before retirement? Can it be said that most of them have never lived past 50 years old and have never received a pension?
In view of these reasons, when we analyze and study the problem of the old-age burden of urban workers, we can't take the average life expectancy of the whole people as a general thing, but need to calculate the average life expectancy of wage earners at that time separately and then compare it with the average life expectancy of wage earners now. See if there is a "20-year-old life gap". The survival rate of infants and young children is closely related to the medical level, living conditions and happiness index of the whole society, but has little to do with the number of years that working-class people receive pensions. Grandson died at the age of 2, and grandpa lived to be 98, with an average life expectancy of 50, but can you say that grandpa didn't live to get a pension? Can you say that only one of the "two wage earners" has lived past 50? Obviously, it is untenable to take the increase in life expectancy of the whole people as an argument for delaying retirement of wage earners.
It is an indisputable fact that there are indeed many more wage earners approaching retirement than in the early days of the founding of New China. However, it is really hard to say that they receive an average pension of 20 years more than the retired employees of that year.
The first is to raise the standard of special allowance for senior professional titles.
For retired scientific and technological personnel of enterprises with senior titles, the standard of special allowance will be raised. The monthly standard for senior professional titles was raised from 700 yuan to 1000 yuan, and the monthly standard for deputy senior professional titles (including senior technicians) was raised from 600 yuan to 800 yuan, and continued to be distributed separately, which was not included in the annual adjustment base of basic pensions.
That is to say, retired scientific and technological personnel of enterprises with senior titles who receive basic pensions for the first time after 20 13 1 (including retired scientific and technological personnel of enterprises with senior titles who receive basic pensions for the first time after 20 13 7 1) will receive special allowances for senior titles from the month when they receive basic pensions for the first time.
Second, for retirees aged 75 or above before June 30th, 20 13 (including that day), each person will receive a monthly 60 yuan and a one-time 720 yuan, which will not be included in the annual adjustment base of the basic pension.
Third, if the basic pension for retired and demobilized cadres of enterprises fails to reach the adjusted monthly per capita basic pension level of the whole city after this adjustment, it will be calculated and paid according to the adjusted monthly per capita basic pension level of the whole city.
In addition, the Interim Measures of the State Council on Retirement and Resignation of Workers (Guo Fa [1978] 104) stipulates that workers or grassroots cadres in enterprises and institutions owned by the whole people, party and government organs and mass organizations are engaged in underground, high altitude, high temperature, particularly heavy manual labor or other jobs harmful to health, and men are over 55 years old and women are over 55 years old.
20 16 latest news of delayed retirement of pensions 20 14-20 16 latest pension insurance 4050 policy, matters needing attention for early retirement age:
1, each person can only apply once. For example, after you participate in the 4050 policy of social endowment insurance, another company pays you social insurance, so the existing 4050 subsidy will automatically stop, even if you lose the company that pays social insurance, you can't apply again.
2. Social endowment insurance 4050 policy has nothing to do with delaying retirement. Participating in 4050 will not cause delayed retirement.
The above are the three major adjustments made by the state to the 4050 policy of social endowment insurance in 20 14 years, and the matters needing attention in early retirement age. Other unadjusted contents generally maintain the original regulations and requirements. I believe that after reading the above, everyone has a clear understanding of the new pension insurance 4050 policy. Everyone must always pay attention to the relevant national policy adjustments, so that everyone can make corresponding preparations and safeguard their due rights and interests.
20 16 the latest news of the pension policy for flexible employees in Fujian: the payment base has increased.
It was learned from the Provincial People's Social Welfare Department that starting from 2065438+2006 65438+ 10/,the monthly payment base of basic old-age insurance for individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees in our province will be 2 1 00 yuan.
It is understood that according to the relevant regulations of the state, the basic old-age insurance premium paid by individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees without employees is the average salary of employees in urban non-private units in the previous year. But for a long time, our province can't meet this standard. 20 14 12 Provincial People's Social Welfare Department, Finance Department and Local Taxation Bureau jointly issued a document, and decided to adopt a step-by-step improvement method in combination with the actual situation in our province. Through five years' efforts, the payment base of unemployed individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees in our province will reach 60% of the average wage of employees in urban non-private units last year, and then strive to reach the average wage standard of employees in urban non-private units last year.
In 20 15, the monthly payment base of endowment insurance for individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees in all cities in the province except Xiamen is 1600 yuan (the standard in Xiamen is much higher than that in the whole province). According to this calculation, the monthly payment standard of this kind of employee pension insurance is 320 yuan, and the annual payment is 3,840 yuan. After the monthly payment base is raised to 2 100 yuan, the monthly payment standard of relevant personnel's endowment insurance is 420 yuan, with an annual payment of 5040 yuan.
Flexible employees are mainly self-employed, domestic workers and other flexible employees (such as hourly workers, etc.). ). Because these people don't have the employment and employment forms of ordinary enterprises, they can't buy employee social security through the unit. What about their pension and medical security? Wobao experts suggest that buying commercial endowment insurance can make a good protection plan. For example, Taikang Xintai Annuity Protection Plan of Taikang Life Insurance is a fee-to-annuity protection plan. The plan has clear income, steady value-added, giving consideration to education and old-age care, and meeting your all-round wealth protection needs. This protection plan consists of Taikang Xintai Annuity Insurance, Taikang Additional Japanese Annuity Insurance (universal) and Taikang Additional Xintai Accident Exemption Insurance Term Life Insurance.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.