Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Epidemic rosacea is a mild eruptive infectious disease [2].
China Acupuncture Dictionary: Epidemic rosacea is a common allergic skin disease [3].
The etiology and pathogenesis of 1. 1 are mostly induced by empty acupoints, wind and damp-heat attacking the skin, depression in blood vessels, or internal damp-heat, cold and eating fish and shrimp [3]. Similar to urticaria in modern medicine [3]. It is related to allergies caused by food, drugs, plants, parasites and cold [3].
Epidemic rosacea is mostly caused by irrational instability, and wind evil invades the skin and inhibits it; Or lack of physical fitness; Or eat fish, shrimp and intestinal parasites. , leading to gastrointestinal heat accumulation, and then infected with wind evil, so that the inside can not be vented, the outside can not be penetrated, depressed between the skin.
Modern medicine believes that there are many pathogenic factors and the pathogenesis is complex. The main factors are the increased sensitivity of the body, inflammatory lesions of capillaries on the skin and dermis, bleeding and edema.
1.2 Symptoms broke out suddenly, and a batch of blisters appeared on the skin, with different sizes and shapes, which were itchy and disappeared after several hours, leaving no trace [3]. The rash is small and reddish, appears quickly, and there are no shedding fragments and rash marks after retreating. Because it has symptoms such as miliaria, it is also called wind miliaria.
Epidemic rosacea is a common allergic skin disease, characterized by abnormal itching, wind spots and lumps, also known as "adult addiction rash" and "rubella". It is characterized by a reddish or itchy rash on the skin, which is hidden from time to time. Acute patients can be cured in a short period of time, while chronic patients often have repeated attacks and are difficult to recover.
1.3 Syndrome Differentiation of Epidemic Rose Rash 1.3. 1 Syndrome of Epidemic Rose Rash invading the lung defense with pathogenic qi [1]) refers to the virus attacking the lung and damaging the lung qi, which is manifested as fever, sneezing, runny nose and slight cough. The rash first occurs in the head and trunk, and then spreads all over the limbs.
1.3.2 Rubella exogenous pathogenic toxin is abundant in the interior (rubella exogenous pathogenic toxin is abundant in the interior [1]), which refers to pathogen entering the interior, heat toxin accumulating in the interior, fever, thirst, irritability, bright red or dark purple rash and dense spots.
1.3.3 Epidemic rosacea with two flourishing qi-ying syndrome [1] refers to intense heat toxin, two burning qi-ying, high fever, polydipsia and bright red or purple spots. Dense or fused plaques, severe itching, swollen lymph nodes behind ears, neck and pillow, obvious tenderness, red tongue, yellow and rough fur, purple pulse and stagnant fingerprints are common symptoms of epidemic rosacea [4].
1.3.4 Wind evil attacks quickly and the whole body itches. Rashes vary in shape and size, showing reddish or white, with clear boundaries, and symptoms such as body heat, thirst, cough and limb pain appear one after another.
1.3.5 Gastrointestinal fever leads to rash with fever, abdominal distension and pain, listlessness, constipation or diarrhea.
1.4 acupuncture has a good effect on the treatment of epidemic rosacea. The author must find out the causes of recurrence and treat it according to the causes.
Anyone with allergies should not eat hair products such as fishy smell, and constipation should keep the stool unobstructed.
1.4. 1 Prescription is suitable for clearing away heat and toxic materials, and Yinqiao powder or modified disinfection drink is used [2]. Can attack 1 time or several times a day, and generally can heal itself within half a month [3]. Chronic patients have a long delay and recurrent attacks [3].
1.4.2 Body acupuncture: Quchi, Waiguan, Xue Hai, Sanyinjiao, Shu Ge and Weizhong are the main acupoints [3]. Vertebra enlargement in patients with wind-heat syndrome; Yin Lingquan is added to those with severe damp heat; Zusanli is added for patients with gastrointestinal heat accumulation; Abdominal pain and diarrhea plus Shu Tian; Dyspnea plus sudden attack; Nausea and vomiting plus Neiguan [3].
rule
Dispelling wind and clearing heat, promoting blood circulation and harmonizing camp.
prescription
Quchi Valley Blood Sea Sanyinjiao Shu Ge
Fang Yi
Quchi and Hegu belong to Yangming and are good at dispelling wind and clearing heat; The blood sea and Sanyinjiao belong to the foot Taiyin, which governs the blood to separate diseases, regulate the camp and promote blood circulation, and Shu Ge is the meeting of blood, promoting blood circulation and expelling wind. All acupoints have played the role of dispelling wind and nourishing the camp.
Matching points and syndromes
Dyspnea-Sudden attack, gastrointestinal discomfort-Shu Tian, Dachangshu.
operate
Millimeter acupuncture, 1 time, 30 minutes each time,1time is a course of treatment.
1.4.3 skin needle acupoint selection
Wind pool blood sea belt ridge (chest 2 ~ 5, sacrum 1 ~ 4)
way
Tap along the meridians, 1 time, 20 minutes each time, and tap the points again until punctate bleeding occurs.
1.4.4 Acupoints such as lung, lower screen tip, pillow, Shenmen, and screen room were selected by auricular acupuncture [3]. Medium and strong * * *, keep the needle for one hour [3]. Note: Acupuncture treatment of this disease should be combined with etiological treatment [3]. If the symptoms are severe, severe dyspnea or diarrhea occurs, comprehensive treatment should be taken [3].
Point selection method
Lung, adrenal gland, pillow, portal vein and stomach
way
Millimeter acupuncture, choose 3-4 acupoints each time, twist with moderate intensity, once a day/kloc-0, and keep the needle for 30 minutes each time. You can also use needle burying or seed pressing, every other day 1 time.
2 Western medicine epidemic rose rash 2. 1 Overview Rubella (German measles) is a common acute infectious disease caused by epidemic rose rash virus. It is characterized by fever and systemic rash, often accompanied by lymph node enlargement behind the ear and occipital region. Because of its mild symptoms and short course of disease, it is often considered to have nothing to do with this disease, but in recent years, severe cases of epidemic rosacea have been reported frequently. If pregnant women are infected with epidemic rosacea, it will seriously damage the fetus and cause congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Children and adults get sick.
2.2 Name of disease: epidemic rosacea
2.3 English name rubella
2.4 epidemic rosacea hybrid measles alias; ; Popular process; Epidemic rose rash; German measles; Viral German measles; Rash; Rubella;
2.5 Internal Medicine Classification of Infectious Diseases; Viral infection
Dermatology > viral dermatosis > paramyxovirus dermatosis
2.6 ICDNo。 B06
2.7 Epidemiology 2.7. 1 Infection source Patients are the only infection source of epidemic rosacea, including subclinical or occult infection, and the actual number is higher than that of patients, which is an important infection source that is easily overlooked. The infection period is 5 ~ 7 days before onset and 3 ~ 5 days after onset, and the infection is strongest on the day of onset and the day before. Viruses can be isolated from patients' mouth, nose, throat secretions, blood, urine and feces.
2.7.2 Transmission route Generally, the epidemic rosacea of children and adults is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and it can also be transmitted through close contact between people. Neonatal infection in the fetus, especially in the pharynx, can excrete the virus for weeks, months or even more than 1 year, so it can be spread through contaminated bottles, nipples, clothes and diapers, direct contact with medical staff and family members who lack antibodies, or in the baby room. Fetal infection can cause abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery or congenital epidemic rosacea with various congenital malformations.
2.7.3 Epidemic rosacea in susceptible population is more common in children aged 5-9. In Shanghai, rosacea broke out in the spring and summer of 1993, and the incidence rate was as high as 45 1.57/65438+ ten thousand, among which 10- 14 years old had the highest incidence rate, followed by 5-9 years old. During the epidemic, it is not uncommon for young people, adults and the elderly to get sick. Since the late 1980s, China has been very popular in many places. In recent years, hemagglutination inhibition antibody has been used for antibody detection of epidemic rosacea. Hangzhou reported that the antibody positive rate of children and adults was 98%, and that of women over 0 years old was 1.000%. Among women of childbearing age in Shanghai, 97.5% and Beijing, 99.28%. The antibody situation is not consistent around the world. Children under 6 months seldom get sick because of their mother's passive immunity. Most of them have lasting immunity after illness. Epidemic rosacea is more common in winter and spring. In recent years, it is common in spring and summer, and it can be popular in kindergartens, schools and troops. Since 1980s, Japan, America, India, Mexico, Australia and so on. It has always been popular (figure 1). During the epidemic peak of Britain 1978 ~ 1979, pregnant women also had the most abortions. After a long-term follow-up of the babies born in this epidemic, it was found that some symptoms did not appear until 2 ~ 3 years after birth. This is probably because the fetus was infected during the outbreak, resulting in congenital epidemic rosacea of the fetus. The epidemic situation of rosacea in the United States in recent years is similar to 1 984 ~1992 in figure1.
2.8 Etiology of epidemic rosacea The epidemic rosacea virus is an RNA virus, belonging to the family Lepidoviridae, which is a virus limited to humans. Under electron microscope, most of them are spherical, with a diameter of 50 ~ 70 nm. The antigenic structure of epidemic rosacea virus is quite stable, and only one antigen type is known. Epidemic rosacea virus can survive and reproduce in placenta or fetus (and months or even years after birth), leading to long-term, multi-system chronic progressive infection. The virus can grow in cell cultures such as rabbit kidney, vole kidney, green monkey kidney and rabbit cornea, and can agglutinate O-type red blood cells of chickens, pigeons, geese and humans. Viruses have weak viability in vitro and are sensitive to ultraviolet rays, ether, cesium chloride and deoxycholic acid. Ph < 3.0 can inactivate it. The virus is heat-labile, and can be killed at 56℃ for 30 minutes, 37℃ 1.5 hours, and unstable at 4℃. It is best to keep vitality for 3 months at 60 ~ 70℃ and 9 months at dry and frozen conditions.
2.9 Pathogenesis After the patient is infected with epidemic rosacea, the epidemic rosacea virus first grows and proliferates in the upper respiratory mucosa and cervical lymph nodes, and then enters the blood circulation to cause viremia, and then spreads to the whole body lymphatic tissue to cause lymphadenopathy. The virus directly damages vascular endothelial cells and causes a rash. At present, it is generally believed that the rash is caused by the inflammation of capillaries in the upper dermis caused by the antigen-antibody complex caused by epidemic rosacea virus. The disease is mild, with few pathological findings, and acute and chronic nonspecific inflammation of skin and lymph nodes. Epidemic rosette virus can cause encephalitis, brain edema, non-specific perivascular infiltration, nerve cell degeneration and mild meningeal reaction, and can also cause chronic panencephalitis due to chronic persistent lesions after decades of infection.
The pathogenesis of congenital epidemic rosacea is not clear. It is known that after pregnant women are infected with epidemic rosacea, epidemic rosacea virus can infect placenta with blood flow during viremia period, and finally infect fetus. After placental chorion is infected, there is a lasting phenomenon, that is, the walls of small blood vessels and capillaries are widely involved. The more the mother is infected with epidemic rosacea in the early pregnancy, the greater the chance of the fetus being infected. Pregnancy 1 month, 10% ~ 30%, third month 5% ~ 20%, fourth month 1% ~ 5%, there may still be a few fetal infections in the future. Because the fetus, especially the fetus infected by epidemic rosacea virus, lacks cellular immune function and does not produce interferon, epidemic rosacea virus exists widely in the body for a long time, invades the next generation of cells when fetal cells divide and proliferate, and continues to proliferate and pass generations, thus forming persistent systemic multi-organ infection and producing various congenital defects, so it is called congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The most common symptoms are cataract, nervous deafness, congenital heart disease, meningoencephalitis, myocardial necrosis, interstitial pneumonia, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, nephritis, hypospadias and so on. Such newborns continue to secrete viruses for months or even years after birth. There are also many students who have no obvious symptoms, but serological tests prove that they were infected with the epidemic rose rash virus during pregnancy. Recent studies have repeatedly revealed that children with congenital epidemic rosacea often have progressive abnormal immune response.
2. 10 The clinical manifestations of epidemic rosacea vary with different infection modes. Epidemic rosacea can be divided into natural infectious rosacea and congenital rosacea with different manifestations.
The natural infection of epidemic rosacea is often recessive infection, and the rash is dispensable. The common complications are joint pain, arthritis, encephalitis and thrombocytopenic purpura.
Congenital epidemic rosacea syndrome includes (1) cardiovascular diseases (patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary artery stenosis) (2) eye defects (cataract, retinopathy, microphthalmia, glaucoma) (3) deafness (4) growth retardation (6) thrombocytopenic purpura (6) hepatosplenomegaly (6) jaundice.
2. 10. 1 The average incubation period of acquired epidemic rosacea (or naturally infected epidemic rosacea) is 18 days (14 ~ 2 1 day).
2. 10. 1. 1 The prodromal period is short, about 1 ~ 2 days, and the symptoms are mild. Low or moderate fever, headache, loss of appetite, fatigue, fatigue, cough, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, conjunctival congestion and other minor upper respiratory tract inflammation. Occasionally accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, nosebleeds, swollen gums and so on. Some patients can see rosy or hemorrhagic macula in soft palate and pharynx, but the buccal mucosa is smooth, without congestion and mucosal spots.
Generally speaking, premenstrual symptoms of infants and young children are often mild or no premenstrual symptoms. But it is more obvious in older children and adult patients, which can last for 5 ~ 6 days.
2. 10. 1.2 In the eruption period, the rash usually appears after fever 1 ~ 2 days. The rash first appeared on the face and neck, and quickly spread downward. It covered the trunk and limbs within 1 day, but there was no rash on most palms and soles. At the beginning, the rash is pink macula, maculopapule or papule, with a diameter of 2 ~ 3 mm. The rash on the face and distal limbs is sparse, and some of them are similar to measles. The rash on the trunk, especially on the back, is dense, merging into pieces, similar to scarlet fever. The rash usually lasts for 3 days (1 ~ 4 days) and subsides, also known as "three-day measles". Facial rash is the characteristic of epidemic rosacea. A few patients have hemorrhagic rash, and at the same time, the whole body is accompanied by bleeding tendency. At the eruption stage, the palm is accompanied by low fever, mild upper respiratory inflammation, splenomegaly and superficial lymphadenopathy, especially the lymphadenopathy behind the ear, pillow and neck. The swollen lymph nodes are slightly tender, do not fuse and do not fester. Sometimes the swollen spleen and lymph nodes of acne patients can gradually recover from the lymph nodes 4 ~ 10 days before the eruption, but it often takes several weeks to fully recover. After the rash subsides, there is generally no pigmentation and desquamation. Only a few severe patients can have small chaff-like desquamation, and large desquamation is rare.
Epidemic rosacea without rash: Patients with epidemic rosacea can only have fever, upper respiratory inflammation and swollen lymph nodes without rash. It is also possible that there are no symptoms or signs after being infected with epidemic rosacea virus, and the antibody against epidemic rosacea is positive in serological examination, that is, the so-called recessive infection or subclinical patient. In the epidemiological investigation in different areas, it was found that the ratio of patients with dominant infection to patients without rash or recessive infection was 1 ∶ 6 ~ 9.
2. 10.2 Severe congenital epidemic rosacea syndrome can lead to stillbirth, miscarriage and premature delivery. Mild cases can lead to fetal growth retardation, and the birth weight, body length, head circumference and chest circumference are lower than those of normal newborns, and this gap can not be corrected at the age of one. This kind of babies are prone to a variety of malformations. It is said that more than 5% of newborns' congenital malformations are caused by congenital epidemic rosacea. Common congenital malformations or diseases include cataract, retinopathy, glaucoma, iridocyclitis, nervous deafness, vestibular injury, otitis media, congenital heart disease, myocardial necrosis, hypertension, interstitial pneumonia, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, glomerulosclerosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, encephalitis, meningitis, microcephaly and mental retardation. Epidemic rosacea virus can be isolated from throat, blood, urine and hydrocephalus of patients with congenital epidemic rosacea, and the positive rate is high within 1 year. It has also been reported that after congenital infection, epidemic rosacea virus persisted in brain tissue for 12 years, causing progressive rosacea panencephalitis. Most children with congenital epidemic rosacea have clinical symptoms at birth, but they can also have progressive symptoms and new deformities several months to several years after birth. Deformities after one year old include deafness, psychomotor abnormalities, language disorders, skeletal deformities and so on. Therefore, children with congenital epidemic rosacea should be followed up for 2 ~ 3 years or 4 ~ 5 years after birth. It has been reported in the United States that 4005 newborns born in an epidemic period of rosacea were confirmed to be congenital rosacea > 2% by virus isolation or serological examination (only 0. 1% of local newborns were congenital rosacea). Of these 4005 cases, 68% were subclinical, and there were no abnormal or defective symptoms in the neonatal period, but 7 1% had various symptoms of the above-mentioned congenital epidemic rosacea in different periods during the first five years after birth. It can be seen that congenital epidemic rosacea syndrome is a serious consequence of epidemic rosacea virus infection. In recent years, it has also been reported in China that among 835 early pregnant women, the positive rate of IgM antibody against epidemic rosacea accounted for 65438 0.44%, and the positive rate of IgM antibody against rubella in fetal blood accounted for 62.5% of pregnant women's infection.
2. 1 1 Complications Epidemic rosacea usually has mild symptoms and fewer complications. Only a few patients can be complicated with otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia or myocarditis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, nephrotic syndrome, acute and chronic nephritis, etc. The heavier ones are as follows:
Body surface area calculator body mass index calculation and evaluation of female safety period calculator expected date calculator normal weight gain during pregnancy medication safety classification (FDA) five elements and eight characters adult blood pressure evaluation body temperature level evaluation diabetes diet suggestion clinical biochemical common units conversion basal metabolic rate calculation sodium supplement calculator iron supplement calculator prescription common Latin abbreviations quick check pharmacokinetics common symbols quick check effective plasma osmotic pressure calculator alcohol intake calculator.
Encyclopedia of medicine, count now!
2. 1 1. 1 encephalitis is rare, and the incidence rate is 1∶6000, mainly in children. It usually occurs 1 ~ 7 days after eruption, with headache, drowsiness, vomiting, diplopia, neck rigidity, coma, convulsion, ataxia, limb paralysis, etc. The changes of cerebrospinal fluid are similar to those of other viral encephalitis. The course of disease is relatively short, most patients heal themselves in 3 ~ 7 days, and a few can leave sequelae. There may also be chronic progressive panencephalitis. 1993 in the peak period of epidemic rosacea, 86% of children with epidemic rosacea were complicated with encephalitis and 7 cases were in severe coma. Although the course of the disease was long, they all recovered after treatment.
2. 1 1.2 Patients with myocarditis complained of chest tightness, palpitation, dizziness, fatigue, changes in electrocardiogram and myocardial enzymes. 1 above or recovered within 2 weeks. It can coexist with other complications such as encephalitis.
2. 1 1.3 Arthritis is mainly seen in adults, especially women. There have been reports of epidemic rosacea arthritis in children in China, and its mechanism is not completely clear. Many viruses directly invade the joint cavity or are caused by immune response. When the rash occurs, the knuckles, wrists and knees are red, swollen and painful, and the joint cavity effusion contains monocytes. Sometimes several joints swell and ache one after another, similar to rheumatoid arthritis, but most of them can disappear by themselves within 2 ~ 30 days.
2. 1 1.4 bleeding tendency is rare. Due to thrombocytopenia and increased capillary permeability. Hemorrhage often occurs suddenly after eruption, including petechiae, ecchymosis, hematemesis, hematochezia and hematuria. Most of them spontaneously relieved within 1 ~ 2 weeks, and a few patients with intracranial hemorrhage could die.
Others may have abnormal liver and kidney functions.
2. 12 Laboratory examination 2. 12. 1 Peripheral blood showed that the total number of white blood cells decreased, lymphocytes increased, and abnormal lymphocytes and plasma cells appeared.
2. 12.2 rapid diagnosis direct immunofluorescence detection of rubella virus antiviral antibody in exfoliated cells of throat swab, and its diagnostic value needs further observation.
2. 12.3 virus isolation: take nasopharyngeal secretions from patients with general epidemic rosacea, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, blood and bone marrow from patients with congenital epidemic rosacea, and culture them in RK 13, African green monkey kidney aneuploid cell line (vero cell) or normal rabbit corneal aneuploid cell line (SIRC cell). Immunofluorescence can separate and identify the epidemic.
2. 12.4 serum antibody detection, such as erythrocyte agglutination inhibition test, neutralization test, complement fixation test, immunofluorescence, double serum antibody titer increased by more than 4 times as positive. Among them, erythrocyte agglutination inhibition test is the most commonly used because it has the advantages of rapidity, simplicity and reliability. This antibody appeared at the time of eruption, and/kloc-0 rose rapidly in ~ 2 weeks, then decreased to the initial level after 4 ~ 12 months, which can be maintained for life. Specific antibodies IgM and IgG used to detect epidemic rosacea. Local secretory IgA antibody can be found in nasopharyngeal secretion, which is helpful for diagnosis. Dot hybridization can also be used to detect RNA of epidemic rosacea virus. Epidemic rosacea retinitis is often an important or even the only sign to diagnose congenital rosacea. There are often brown or dark brown punctate or striped pigment spots of different sizes on the retina, and in severe cases, yellow lenses are accompanied by large spots. Retinal blood vessels are usually narrower than normal blood vessels.
2. 13 changes of electrocardiogram and myocardial enzymes in patients with myocarditis.
2. 14 The diagnosis of typical patients with epidemic rosacea is mainly based on epidemiological history and clinical manifestations, such as short prodromal period, upper respiratory tract inflammation, low fever, special maculopapular rash, swelling and pain of lymph nodes behind ears and occipital region, etc. However, there are far more atypical patients and recessive infection patients in epidemic period than typical patients, and the diagnosis can only be made by virus isolation or serum antibody determination. Specific IgM antibody has diagnostic value. After 4 ~ 8 weeks of onset, IgM antibody disappeared, leaving only IgG antibody.
Infants born to women who are suspected to be infected with epidemic rosacea during pregnancy should be isolated from epidemic rosacea virus and tested for IgM antibody, regardless of symptoms and signs. Those who are positive can be diagnosed as congenital epidemic rosacea. The specific IgM antibody of congenital epidemic rosacea is different from natural infection. At 16 weeks, the fetus has its own specific IgM, which increases continuously within 6 months after birth and then decreases gradually, but can be detected within one year. The IgG antibody from the mother decreased several months after birth, while the infant's own IgG epidemic rosacea antibody continued to increase.
Epidemic rosacea retinitis is often an important or even the only sign to diagnose congenital rosacea. There are often brown or dark brown punctate or striped pigment spots of different sizes on the retina, and in severe cases, yellow lenses are accompanied by large spots. Retinal blood vessels are usually narrower than normal blood vessels.
2. 15 differential diagnosis of rash in patients with epidemic rosacea is between measles and scarlet fever, so it is important to distinguish these three common fever and rash diseases. In addition, epidemic rosacea should be differentiated from acute eruption, drug eruption, infectious mononucleosis and enterovirus infection in children, such as Coxsackievirus 2, 4, 9 and 16 in group A, Coxsackievirus 0/,3, 5 in group B, echovirus 4, 9 and 1 6 in group B (see Congenital epidemic rosacea syndrome should be differentiated from toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus infection and intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection. The symptoms of these three intrauterine infections are similar to those of congenital epidemic rosacea.
2. 16 treatment measures 2. 16. 1 general treatment and symptomatic treatment patients with epidemic rosacea generally have mild symptoms and do not need special treatment. Those with obvious symptoms should stay in bed and eat a liquid or semi-liquid diet. Symptomatic treatment can be given to patients with high fever, headache, cough and conjunctivitis.
2. 16.2 The complications in the treatment of encephalitis, such as high fever, lethargy, coma and convulsion, should be treated according to the principle of epidemic encephalitis. Patients with severe bleeding tendency can be treated with adrenocortical hormone, and fresh whole blood should be given if necessary.
2. 16.3 congenital epidemic rosacea should be taken good care of and educated from an early age. Medical staff should closely cooperate with parents, nursery nurses and school teachers of sick children, observe the growth and development of sick children, test their hearing, correct their deformities, and take surgery to treat glaucoma, cataract and congenital heart disease when necessary. Help learn life knowledge, cultivate labor ability, and make it overcome birth defects.
2. 16.4 In addition to symptomatic treatment, interferon and ribavirin seem to help alleviate the disease.
2. 17 Prognosis The prognosis of epidemic rosacea is good. Death caused by intracranial hemorrhage caused by meningitis and thrombocytopenia is very rare. However, if a woman has a rash in the first three months of pregnancy, the fetus may have congenital epidemic rosacea, causing stillbirth, premature delivery and various congenital malformations, and the prognosis is serious. We must pay attention to the preventive measures of pregnant women.
2. 18 Prevention Because the symptoms of this disease are mild and the prognosis is generally good, it seems that there is no need for special prevention, but congenital epidemic rosacea is harmful, which can cause stillbirth, premature delivery or various congenital malformations. Therefore, prevention should focus on congenital epidemic rosacea.
2. 18. 1 Isolated patients should be isolated until 5 days after the eruption. However, the symptoms of this disease are mild and there are many recessive infections, which are easy to be ignored and it is not easy to achieve complete isolation. General contacts can not be isolated, but pregnant women, especially in the early pregnancy, should try to avoid contact with patients with epidemic rosacea during the epidemic period.
2. 18.2 The attenuated vaccine of epidemic rosacea has been widely used in active immunization for more than ten years and has been proved to be safe and effective. After vaccination, the antibody positive conversion rate is above 95%, and only a few patients have symptoms such as short-term fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes and joint swelling and pain after vaccination. After immunization, the persistence of antibody can be maintained for more than 7 years. Different countries have different vaccination targets. For example, the United States advocates that adolescents aged 65,438+0 to adolescence, especially children in kindergartens and primary schools, should be the main targets of immunization, because rubella has the highest incidence among children and can spread to pregnant women and other adults. Teenagers and adult women should also be vaccinated, and congenital epidemic rosacea has been significantly reduced. Although we don't know enough about the influence of epidemic rosacea vaccine virus strain on human body and fetus, attenuated live vaccine virus can infect fetus through placenta and cause fetal malformation, so pregnant women should not accept such live vaccine. Epidemic rosacea has long been used in combination with measles and mumps vaccines. Good results have been achieved. At present, China has also made an attenuated live vaccine for epidemic rosacea, which has been used in some places and will be gradually incorporated into the implementation of planned immunization. Key immunization targets include premarital women of childbearing age, including high school and junior high school girls.