What is the relationship between "Red Cliff Scripture" and Wen Jian in Ming Dynasty?
Liu, an associate professor in the Art Department of Shandong University and a researcher of Hongya Tianshu, believes that Hongya Tianshu is a guest book of the emperor.
Wen Jian is the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. 1398, after the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, Wen Jian succeeded to the throne according to the testamentary edict. This move aroused the dissatisfaction of Judy, the ambitious prince. The following year, Judy rebelled in the name of "Jun green gang" and "Jingnan Gang". Originally, the number of the Central Army was dominant, but due to the ineffective command of Li, the general of Jianwen Emperor, and the eunuchs, the rebels attacked Yingtian City (now Nanjing). Just then, the palace caught fire and the Emperor Wen Jian disappeared. "Shi Ming Gong Mindi" records: "The palace is on fire, and the emperor doesn't know what to do."
Lin Guoen, the decipherer of Hongya Tianshu, said that he and Jing, a professor of geology at Tongji University, confirmed the manuscript by geological analysis, and compared it with more than 20 manuscripts according to the traces below the rock stratum. Later, I found the original historical data about Wen Jian's story in Ming History: I pointed out that Emperor Wen Jian fled in front and the palace fire started behind, and implemented the "golden cicada's plan". It is recorded in the book: "When I ascended the throne (Emperor Wen Jian), I easily obeyed the tunnel. In an instant, the palace was on fire and the rumor collapsed. Cheng Jicong, every time he meets the world, he helps it with technology, and then he doesn't know what to do. " After the prince entered the city, it was rumored that Wen Jian was burned to death, paving the way for him to climb the pole. Influenced by the judgment of the Ming court, the Qing government revised the Ming History, changing Ji Cheng's record of "I don't know what the future will be like" to "I don't know what the future will be like".
Liu said: "The year number' Xu Bing' in the gobbledygook, that is, four years, happened to be the year after the rebellion of the Prince of Yan. When Wen Jian fled, many cronies accompanied him, but they separated during the exile. Anshun is located in the transportation hub, which is the only way to get in and out of Yunnan and Guizhou. Leave a book here to inform everyone where you are going. " Lin Guoen believes that Wen Jian was hidden in the valley of Guizhou under the protection of his cronies and followers after his uncle Judy ascended the throne. After hiding for several months, Emperor Wen Jian wanted to call on his subjects to support him to make a comeback and overthrow Judy. However, due to his isolation and Judy's numerous minions, he came up with such a movement against Judy, so that his followers could combine the form and meaning of seal script, official script, hieroglyphics, cursive script and pictures into a "miscellaneous body" and then use the imperial edict.
Is the gobbledygook a "letter to Yanling"?
After nine years' textual research, Guo Linn thinks that The Book of the Red Cliff is Wen Jian's "Imperial edict of Yanling". Guo Linn literally translated "gobbledygook" as: Yan violated his heart and forced me (Emperor Long) to abdicate. Rebellious and cruel, Jinchuan door is broken. Cruel killing (beating, imprisonment, killing) leads to bodies, deaths, and countless bones. Make Daming's sun and moon dim and turn it into a prison of killing hell. Swallow demon must surrender as a prisoner (beheaded and destroyed). (Year) is the phoenix emperor in the world-cloud (fire+text) (imperial system). Some experts pointed out that how could Emperor Wen Jian write "message board" and "begging for an imperial edict" on the cliff where people came and went in the face of Judy's pursuit? If he doesn't want people to understand, how can the gobbledygook play the role of leaving a message?
Professor Gu Cheng, an expert in Ming history and doctoral supervisor of Beijing Normal University, said that the whereabouts of Wen Jian remained a mystery. Whether he fled to Guizhou is not enough to be confirmed by the speculation of Hongya gobbledygook. Judging the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian according to "Chibi Tianshu" is purely a personal guess, which has no value in history. Because there is not enough evidence, historians have long been popular with two theories: one is that Emperor Wen Jian died in the palace and set himself on fire, and the other is that Emperor Wen Jian lived abroad.
Liu claimed that he had found evidence that Emperor Wen Jian had become a monk in Gaofengshan Temple in Anshun. There is a Tibetan cave in the temple, and there is an inscription in the cave: "Xiufeng builds cultural relics, and the dust knows that it is empty." Liu said that Xiufeng was the abbot of the temple at that time, "Zhao" means "creation", and "architectural relics" together with the second half of the sentence refers to the place where the emperor became a monk. There is a "portrait of Da Ming Wen Jian" in the temple. On the screen, Emperor Wen Jian is in his twilight years, appearing as a monk, sitting high in an armchair playing the piano, which is a detailed portrait. This portrait became the ironclad proof that Emperor Wen Jian practiced here. On the cliff opposite the Gao Feng Temple, there is a stone carving "facing the Western Wall". According to local legend, it was written by Emperor Wen Jian.
When Emperor Wen Jian escaped from the palace, he was 22 years old and had two sons. Once, a family named Long in Yunnan found Liu and claimed to be a descendant. A family named Jane in Hubei also claimed to be a descendant of the prince and showed their genealogy. Liu said that according to my research, among them, the prince fled with the emperor. Which one is the descendant of Emperor Wen Jian is still under further research. "Historically, Emperor Wen Jian had no children living among the people," Professor Gu Cheng said. After the prince seized power, he took Wen Jian's two sons and two brothers to Fengyang, Anhui Province, where he was imprisoned, which was called "Building Shu Ren". It was not until the reign of the British Emperor that they were released from the high wall, during which they experienced two dynasties: Wenzong and Xuanzong. Due to the lack of contact with the outside world, "Jian" didn't even know cattle and sheep when he was released, and soon died. So his father Zhu Biao (the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang), this branch of his almost no one left.
Is Hongya gobbledygook a Chinese character system?
Liu said: "1992, I went to Anshun, Guizhou, and saw the Red Cliff Sutra. There were only four and a half glyphs left on the cliff at that time. It looks like buffalo blood. "
According to the literature records in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, since the discovery of Hongya Tianshu, officials and scholars in many places and Guizhou have either rubbinged it, researched it, collected it and hung it in the hall, or used it as a gift. In this way, Hongya gobbledygook has become a special commodity or arty object in the years of inheritance.
In the 27th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (190 1), Luo Yu, head of Yongning state delegation, printed a large number of "Red Cliff Scripture" for promotion and gave it to his immediate superior. He ordered craftsmen to draw relief characters with tung oil mixed with lime, and then ordered them to level tung oil lime with a hammer drill, so that people could carve some characters that looked like characters at will. The true colors of Chibi gobbledygook have been completely destroyed. Since then, many officials and scholars have simulated all kinds of red cliff gobbledygook according to their own ideas and guesses.
Liu thinks that Hongya Tianshu uses the right seal script, and uses four methods to dismember the font: adding, deleting, transforming and interpreting. Guo Lin-Boone thinks that gobbledygook is also words and pictures, which can't be simply understood as words or pictures. He described: "Look at its writing, which is the imperial edict of the Tao, and it is arranged in a straight line from right to left. Look at the map, from left to right, it is a map of the royal family. " However, Professor Gu Cheng believes that "Hongya Tianshu" is an eccentric writing, which should not belong to the Chinese character system and may be related to minority languages. Yunnan-Guizhou and Guangxi in ancient times were often called the land of barbarians. The local culture and writing are not a system with the Han nationality, and there are many local murals, so it seems reasonable to link the gobbledygook with the murals. Dong Xiaoping, an expert in folklore and doctoral supervisor of Beijing Normal University, believes that cliff stone carvings may be related to murals. There are some murals in Liangshan, Sichuan and some places in Inner Mongolia. The content of murals is used to sacrifice and describe people's lives at that time and their struggle with nature. Dong Xiaoping said: "The so-called' heavenly book' is something created by the power of immortals and superhuman beings, and it has a godsend feeling. Therefore, it is not very appropriate to use' Tianshu' to describe the symbols on Chibi. " Then, does the Chibi gobbledygook belong to the Chinese character system or the murals or characters of ethnic minorities?
Mr. Zhao Chao, an inscription expert at the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said: "At present, there is no unified view on Hongyan Tianshu in academic circles. I've only read the book "Red Cliff gobbledygook". The content of the copy is often symbolic. At present, there is no detailed ancient data about the' Red Cliff Classic', and its age is relatively long, so the current research can only be in the guessing stage. It can be said that both statements can be said, but both statements are untenable. "
Experts believe that we can try to decipher the Red Cliff Classic with water literature.
"The stone carvings in Chibi, Guizhou, which have not been deciphered for a long time, are related to hydrology. You can also try to crack it with hydrology. " Wang, a professor at East China Normal University, recently put forward this view at an international symposium on Shuishu culture held in Guizhou.
Chibi Book is located in Guansuoling Nature Reserve, a provincial cultural relics protection unit in Guizhou Province. At the northern end of the west side of Hong Yashan, there is a rock surface with a height of 6m and a width of10m. There are some ochre relics. If the words are painted, they are not engraved, neither hidden nor vertical. The big one is crowded and the small one is like a bucket. The structure is very strange. Since the Ming Dynasty, many Chinese and foreign experts have paid close attention to it personally, but there are different opinions. Hongyan stone carving is still an eternal mystery.
Shuishu is the writing of the Shui nationality, which is called "Lu Sui" in the language of the Shui nationality. It was handed down from generation to generation by Mr. Shui Shu. Its shape is similar to that of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen. It is another surviving hieroglyph except Dongba in the world, which is mainly used to record the astronomical, geographical, religious, folk-custom, ethics, philosophy and other cultural information of the Shui people, and is known as the "living fossil" of hieroglyphs. The latest archaeological research shows that the symbols on the summer pottery at Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province are similar to the Shui characters, and then it is proposed that the Shui ancestors came from the north. Up to now, the ancient Shui characters are still widely used by Shui people.
Wang said that the ancient Shui script and the water script written by it have some characteristics completely different from other national scripts, including Chinese characters, and have many research values. Whether it is self-made or borrowed, compared with the self-made world, China's ancient characters and the writing system generated within the nation, such as Dongba of Naxi nationality, are very valuable in the study of philology. Because the data work and research of Shuishu started late, there are still many unknown problems in Shuishu and its ancient characters. For example, the time of the ancient water script, what is the source of its independent and self-created characters, and why it causes its variant characters.