Hubei Provincial Museum, the original museum is the best! Because there are only 16 national treasures in the collection, the so-called national treasures must be national first-class cultural relics. You should know: Shaanxi History Museum has 18 national treasures, Nanjing Museum has 10 national treasures, and Henan Provincial Museum has 6 national treasures. (Of course, after 1995, the state did not uniformly identify cultural relics, so the cultural relics unearthed after 1995 cannot be called national treasures. ).
Hubei Provincial Museum 16 National Treasures include: chimes, chimes, forbidden bronze pots, bronze bows, bronze staghorn cranes, bronze mirrors, bronze bronze statue plates, jade ornaments of sixteen dragons, moire golden lanterns, Betty Wong Goujian, Dayu Pavilion, scattered golden dragons and dragons with iron hooks, and painted phoenix deer wooden seat screens. Nine pieces were unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suizhou, and three pieces were unearthed in Jingzhou.
1. Ceng Houyi rings the bell.
The stand of this set of chimes is very high and is vertically intersected by two facades of different lengths. Seven curved painted wooden beams, both ends of which are reinforced with flat dragon copper sleeves, are supported by six sword-shaped copper columns and eight upright columns, forming three layers: upper, middle and lower. There are 246 clocks and hooks (including detachable parts).
There are 65 bells in Houyi, which are divided into eight groups: the upper three groups are bells, 19 pieces; The middle group is Nanzhong, with 33 pieces, which are divided into short pieces, no pieces and long pieces. There are two groups of bells on the lower floor, 12, one for each piece and one for l pieces.
The largest piece is 152.3cm high, and the smallest piece weighs 203.6kg, 20.2cm high and 2.4kg. The total weight of the bell body is 2,567kg, and the copper part of the bell frame (including the hook) is * * * * * 442 1.48kg.
The decoration of the clock includes people, animals, dragons, flowers, geometric patterns and so on. It uses a variety of techniques such as round carving, relief, intaglio carving and painting. With red, black, yellow and bronze as the background color, it looks solemn, exquisite and spectacular. 1978 unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Leigudun, Suixian County, Hubei Province (now Suizhou City). The wooden frame and some hooks are copied, and the rest are original. )
2. Ceng Houyi bronze plate
Zun is a container for holding wine, and a tray is generally used as a container for holding water. The two are packed in a container, and the wine mixed with vanilla juice can be used to sacrifice the corpse and give it to the guests during the ceremony. The decoration of the whole set of utensils is varied, from rich to poor, and the exquisite degree has reached the peak of pre-Qin bronzes.
In particular, the hollowed-out decoration on utensils has several levels of perspective, which is cast by lost wax method, that is, wax is used as a mold, molded outside the mold, heated and baked to melt off the wax mold, so that the whole casting model becomes an empty shell, and then bronze solution is poured into the empty shell to cast the required utensils.
This discovery confirmed that China's lost wax casting technology had reached a very high level in the early Warring States period 2,400 years ago. Both the Zun Pan and Zun Pan are engraved with the inscription "The Last Use of Ceng Houyi".
3. Copper pots are forbidden in Ceng Houyi.
Boiling pot, thick square lips, long neck, round belly, round and full. The pot is covered with a snake-shaped buckle, and the outer edge of the pot cover is covered with a hole cover engraved with a hook pattern. There is a dragon-shaped ear on each side of the jug neck. The ornaments are decorated with scallop patterns and banana leaves filled with scallop patterns. The inscription "Ceng Houyi as the end of use" is cast on the inner walls of the two pots.
There are two parallel hollow circles on the forbidden surface to support the enlarged pot ring. There are two animal feet on each side of the restricted area. The animal's mouth and forelimbs hold the forbidden board and then push the ground. Taboo surfaces and sides are decorated with deep-rooted patterns. There are not many copper unearthed, and only four pieces have been found at home and abroad. This is the first record.
4. Ceng Houyi Bronze Sword
The crane hooked its mouth, raised its neck high and flapped its wings. Arch back and vertical tail. There are two copper antlers on each side of the crane head. The head, neck and antlers of the crane are decorated with golden geometric patterns, and other parts are decorated with cast and inlaid dragon patterns.
This is a unique bronze handicraft. Crane and deer are symbols of longevity and good luck. Insert the antlers into the crane head and put them together, which can be called "Ruihe". The ancients called immortal riding "crane control" and "crane driving". This device came from the coffin side of the tomb owner, which may reflect the idea that the deceased became immortal and ascended to heaven.
5. Ceng Houyi bronze staghorn crane
Ancient percussion instruments. It consists of stone chimes, which are hung on a frame and can play melodies. With the chime, ensemble "Stone and the Sound of Stone".
The bronze cross gold self-closing frame consists of a pair of circular carved monsters, pillars attached to their heads and two round bars as beams, and has a single-sided and double-layered structure. Columns attached to the top of animals are tenoned with beams from the waist and top. The bottom of the beam is welded with cast copper rings at equal distance, and the crown is hung by a series of hooks. The chime frame adopts smooth golden moire lines.
6. Edited by Ceng Houyi
Zunfu is an ancient vessel for holding wine. This costume is the largest and heaviest wine vessel in the pre-Qin period in China, and it can be called "the king of wine vessels". It not only has a huge body shape that is proud of its peers, but also has extremely exquisite ornamentation. Its surface is composed of fine and complicated vortex patterns, heavy ring patterns, plain patterns, thunder patterns, banana leaf patterns, band patterns and flat snake patterns. Uniform patterns and lines.
When Zunfu was unearthed, there was liquor in it. There is no leakage for more than 2400 years, which shows that the pipeline has good sealing performance.
7. Ceng Houyi.
Lamp height 1 1, diameter15.5438+0cm, and weight 2156g. The dagger is13cm long and weighs 56.45g..
Straight mouth, square lips, shallow stomach and flat ass. Three short legs with crowns. There are two symmetrical earrings in the upper abdomen. The cover is slightly larger than the lamp mouth, and there are three equidistant wild cards along the cover. There is a round hook at the top. The lampshade and lamp mouth are decorated with moire, moire and tape moire. Inside the lamp is a gold-leaking dagger with a square handle and a deformed dragon pattern.
In the late Shang Dynasty, gold products appeared in China, but most of them were decorations. This is a gold container made of imitation copper, which embodies the special status of the tomb owner. This is the largest and heaviest pre-Qin gold ware in China.
8. Ceng Houyi moire gold lamp and leaking dagger
The whole pendant is a big dragon. Carving 16 foldable section, five kinds of jade materials, a jade ring and a jade lock nail. 37 dragons, 7 phoenixes and 10 snakes are carved by common carving, relief and intaglio carving techniques. And decorated with lines, moire and diagonal lines.
When unearthed, this jade was worn on the head of the tomb owner. It may be the jade tassel (hat band) in the crown. Its characteristics are as follows: in the second section, the jade wall is pressed against the ground, and the four dragons are attached to the jade wall. This form was widely used in the late Warring States period;
The part 1 1 is carved into the shape of Yu Pei, which is connected by three flat dragons. The shape of the dragon is "S", which is a popular Yu Pei shape in the Central Plains in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Section 16 Jade ornaments skillfully apply them to a big dragon.
The jade ornaments in 12 and 13 sections are composed of double plain faces and double plain backs respectively. Every dragon is carved with a dragon. Section 15 Jade ornaments are engraved with patterns of a phoenix standing on a phoenix and a phoenix holding a snake at both ends. This pattern is a common theme in southern Chu art, and it often appears in lacquerware and other paintings.
9. Ceng Houyi 16 Dragon Jade Pendant
The blade is ribbed in the middle and decorated with black diamond pattern. There are two lines of eight-character bird inscriptions on the front: "The King of Yue Gou Jian, the sword cut himself". Geometric patterns are cast on both sides of the sword, with blue glass on the front and turquoise on the back.
The round handle has no hoop, and the sword head is rolled into hoop shape with 1 1 concentric circles. The blade is thin and sharp, without rust, it is still a
The picture is divided into five sections by trees, separated by dogs and cats. Divided into two parts according to the plot. Part of it consists of Mercedes-Benz chariots and horses, crowned riders, followers of Confucianism and worshippers, showing the scene of a group of employees on the road. The other part is mainly composed of flashy commendation cars and parallel cars ready to go, showing the scene of the host country's diplomatic mission receiving guests.
This painting was painted on the outer wall of the lacquer cover and separated from the red tire after being unearthed. The paint cylinder is10.4cm high and 28cm in diameter.
10. The selfie stick of Gou Jian, the King of Yue
1975, Qin bamboo slips, which have been sleeping for more than two thousand years in Yunmeng, Hubei Province, appeared, shocking the archaeological community. It is praised as "epoch-making significance" by historians and cultural relics experts. But I think Qin bamboo slips are of high academic value, but they lack appreciation.
1 1. Lacquer painting
12, Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land Qin Bamboo Slips