Who founded Tai Ji Chuan?

Tai Ji Chuan has a history of more than 300 years since it was founded in the early Qing Dynasty. Before and after the Revolution of 1911, Tai Ji Chuan, a famous martial art, enjoyed a high reputation in Beijing. It was widely regarded as having the functions of treating diseases, protecting health and prolonging life, and it stood out among dozens of famous boxing styles in Beijing at that time. So some people fabricate history under the guise of fairy tales. To sum up, there are the following sources: First, 14 th century, Zhang Sanfeng, a Taoist priest of Wudang Mountain, was born in Yizhou (now Zhijiang County, Hunan Province), and his full name was Junbao. He was a Taoist leader in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. He traveled all over the country and built a house in Taihe Mountain (Wudang Mountain) in Hubei Province. According to Ming History and Records of Taihe Mountain, there is no mention of Zhang Sanfeng's boxing. Even the manuscript of Sanfeng Quanshu compiled by Taoist priests living in Shaanxi in 1723 and the Sanfeng Quanshu edited and published by Li, a native of Changyi in 1844 claimed to have seen Zhang Sanfeng in14th century, but they never fabricated that Zhang Sanfeng could fight boxing or create Tai Ji Chuan. The fact that Zhang Sanfeng founded Tai Ji Chuan Society appeared at the end of1the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century when Tai Ji Chuan enjoyed a high reputation in Beijing can be confirmed. So it is not true that Tai Ji Chuan was founded by Zhang Sanfeng. But why did Zhang Sanfeng become famous in China in the early Ming Dynasty? If we study the deeds of Zhang Sanfeng in Biography, Biography of Zheng He, Biography of Yao and Biography of Ming Dynasty, and refer to relevant historical materials, we can clearly see that Zhang Sanfeng, a mythical figure that people talked about at that time, was originally a by-product of the Ming Dynasty's struggle for the throne after death. The historical truth is that after the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yunwen, the grandson of the emperor, inherited the throne and changed it to Yuan. However, Judy, the younger brother of the Crown Prince, killed Nanjing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, from Yanjing (Beijing) in the name of "Jingnan" in the fourth year of Wen Jian, seized the throne and renamed it Yuan Yongle. Because it is said that Emperor Wenjian did not die in battle, Emperor Yongle was not at ease, so he sent his close friend Hu Ying and his attendant Zhu Xiang, who knew the face of Emperor Wen Jian, to visit all the states, counties, townships and cities by land in the name of Zhang Sanfeng (unkempt appearance) and visited the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian for four years. In the second year of Yongle, it was widely rumored that Wen Jian fled overseas, and Ming Chengzu sent Zheng He (known as the eunuch of Sanbao) and others to sail across the ocean, and the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian were unknown. In the seventeenth year of Yongle, Hu Ying was sent to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, and he investigated the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian for four years. After a secret visit in 2 1 year, Wen Jian's whereabouts at home and abroad before and after Ming Chengzu, he put down his worries. However, the news that the emperor sent Hu Shangshu () to visit Zhang slovenly Taoist priest spread all over the people. In order to cover up the truth of disturbing the people and deceive the people, Emperor Yongle ordered Guo Lian, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, and others to lead 300,000 Dingfu people to carry out large-scale construction projects in Wudang Mountain, costing millions of dollars. Since then, Zhang Sanfeng of Wudang Mountain has become a fashionable figure in people's legends. Five hundred years later, he was attached as the founder of Tai Ji Chuan by feudal literati. Zhang Sanfeng's theory of compiling Tai Ji Chuan was first found in 192 1 Beijing edition of Xu Yusheng's book "The Situation of Tai Ji Chuan". Xu Yusheng advocates martial arts and spares no effort. I also practiced Yang's moves and Chen's Tai Ji Chuan, but I forgot to recite the certificate. There is a note at the end of the Classic of Taiji recorded in the book: "This was written by Wang Junzong, a disciple of Mr. Sanfeng." Gai assumed that Zhang Sanfeng founded Taiji Biography, and re-speculated that Wang Zongyue was a disciple of Zhang Sanfeng in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Since Zhang Sanfeng was attached to the Continued Book, every other book of Taiji Biography has been cited and attached with benefits. Zhang Sanfeng was a native of the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and Wang Zongyue was a native of the early Qing Dynasty, with a difference of 400 years. This statement is obviously implicated and is not worth refuting. Second, in the 12th century (11-1126), in the Song Huizong era, Wudang Stan Zhang Sanfeng wrote "Wang Zhengnan's Epitaph" in the eighth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1669). If something happens at home, use static braking, and if you commit a crime, be a servant. So, don't take the forest outside as your home, and build it on Zhang Sanfeng in the Song Dynasty. These three peaks belong to Wudang Stan, who was called by Hui Zong, so they are not allowed to enter. At night, I dreamed that Yuan Di taught them boxing. They shined brilliantly and killed more than 100 thieves with Dante. " Li Zhou's inscription is based on Wang Zhengnan's words and deeds, but it doesn't make a textual research on the absurdity of Zhang Sanfeng's martial arts in the Song Dynasty and "Yuan Di gave boxing at night". In the 15th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Baijiali wrote "Boxing within the Family" for his teacher Wang Zhengnan, while Zhang Sanfeng said: "At least from the outside, his skills are excellent; Since Zhang Sanfeng is good at Shaolin, he is a famous family. " The Annals of Ningbo adopted Huang's theory. In the Republic of China, the history of Zhang Sanfeng or Zhang Sanfeng Boxing was even more controversial. However, because Zhang Sanfeng, a Taoist priest in the Song Dynasty, has been painted as the ancestor of Neijia Boxing, and Huang and his son clearly stated that Zhang Sanfeng created it as Neijia Boxing, so some Tai Ji Chuan books abandoned the theory that Zhang Sanfeng created Tai Ji Chuan in the Song Dynasty and created man for Tai Ji Chuan at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Xu Xuanping in the Tang Dynasty in the middle of the third and eighth centuries Some people think that Tai Ji Chuan was founded by Xu Xuanping in the Tang Dynasty, and his works include Eight-character Song, Heart-Meeting Theory, Body-wide Use Theory, Sixteen Points Theory and Function Song. Judging from the style of these articles, it is certain that they are by no means literary characters of the Tang Dynasty. Referring to Xu Xuanping's deeds in the Chronicle of Tang Poems by Song people, it is only recorded that Xu Xuanping "went through the valley without eating, galloped, and sold the city for every loss of salary in Tang Dynasty." The great poet Li Bai once visited the Wang Xian Bridge and wrote poems. Therefore, this kind of pretence that the older the grandfathers are, the better, is precisely the mystery created by feudal literati in the late Qing Dynasty. Fourthly, during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Wang Zongyue lived, describing Wang Zong, a famous boxer in Guanzhong. Wang Zong is a descendant of the family boxing in the early Ming Dynasty, but he is from Guanzhong (Shaanxi). And Wang Zongyue is from Shanxi. Obviously, Zhang Guan Dai Li tried to prove that Tai Ji Chuan was a kind of family boxing, and he began to learn Tai Ji Chuan in the early Ming Dynasty. Others think that The Biography of Chen Taiji came from Jiang Fa, while Chiang Kai-shek came from Wang Zongyue. This theory originated from the Introduction to Taiji written by Li Yishe (1832- 1892) in Yongnian, Hebei Province: "I don't know who started the introduction of Taiji, but it is exquisite and ingenious, and Wang Zongyue has exhausted his iconology." Later, it spread to Chen's surname in Chenjiagou, Henan. Smart doesn't count. "This paper examines the life of Wang Zongyue (see the anonymous preface to The Gun Spectrum of Wang Zongyue). 179 1 year in Luoyang, 1795 in Kaifeng, set up a library to teach. This period was the heyday of Taiji Chuan family before Chen Changxing (177 1- 1853) in Chenjiagou, Wenxian County. Wenxian County is separated from Luoyang and Kaifeng only by a river, which is enough to infer that Wang Zongyue's Taiji Zhuan was written by Chen. It's Chen's good friend Wu Juhe's people. It happened that troops were sent in front of Shaolin Temple in Songshan Mountain, Dengfeng County to resist the Ming Dynasty's forced collection of grain and taxes (see Jing Richang's biography of Shuo Song He and the biography of Southern Xinjiang, Volume II, Biography of Chen Qianfu). After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, he defected to Chen as a servant on the pretext of being killed. There is a portrait of Chen in the Chenjiaci Hall, and the man standing next to him with a broadsword is (see Chen's Biography of Chen Shi). Jiang Fa was in Wang Zongyue a hundred years ago, and the so-called biography of Jiang Fazhi by Wang Zongyue was obviously untrue. There is a biography of Wang Laixian (Southern Expedition) in the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty, which mistakenly regards Wang Zong in Guanzhong as Wang Zongyue on the right side of the mountain, while Wang Zong in Guanzhong is from Shaanxi and Wang Zongyue on the right side of the mountain is from Shanxi. The author of this biography is obviously taken from Mr. Xu Yusheng's Illustration of Taiji Biography and Mr. Chen Weiming's Taiji Biography (edited by Qing History Museum). In these two books, Wang Zongyue was mistaken for Wang Zong, a member of the Boxer Rebellion in Ming Dynasty. Most of the adherents of the Qing dynasty knew nothing about the textual research of the Ganjia school (the fine school that paid attention to ancient textual research during the reign of Qianlong Jiaqing), so there was this mistake. Therefore, some people later thought that Taiji Biography was founded in Ming Dynasty on the basis of "Biography of Wang Laixian" in the Draft of Qing History.