However, as a historical term, "the difficulty of entering the palace" seems to be too professional and may not be well known to the public, but if we say "Zhao's orphan", I am afraid more people will know.
On this basis, Yuan Ji wrote "Zhao's Orphan Revenge", and Feng Menglong wrote this story in "History of Eastern Zhou Dynasty". 20 10 the famous director Chen Kaige made another film called orphan Zhao. Because of this, people know more about the orphan of Zhao and less about the difficulty of entering the palace.
Anyway, whether it's a drama, a novel or even a movie, the plot is based on the records in Historical Records, telling us the story of , Gong Sun, Han Jue and other righteous men saving Zhao's orphans, and it is so touching and touching.
If we only look at the records in Historical Records, this is of course a very complete and touching story, but we are afraid of comparison in everything, no more than we don't know. This comparison really has many problems. Because of this historical event, it is also recorded in the authoritative historical works Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu written earlier, and the recorded content is quite different from the historical records.
Moreover, in Historical Records, the records of Zhao and He Jin are slightly different. Therefore, since the publication of Historical Records, people have raised various questions about this incident.
"Zhao's Historical Records" records: "Jin Jinggong was three years old, and the doctor wanted to punish Zhao."
The "three years of Duke Jing of Jin" here is 597 BC, which is exactly the same as the time recorded in Hanshu. However, this time is exactly 14 years away from the record of "seventeen years (Duke Jing of Jin), killing Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo and exterminating the nation" in the Biography of Jin Family. The time of the incident mentioned in Jin Jiagong coincides with the time of Qi Huangong's eight years in Zuo Zhuan, and both records refer to 583 BC.
We can't figure out why Sima Qian made such a mistake.
"Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Thirty-one Years" records that in the spring of 542, Lu Shu said: He is going to die ... and he is not yet 50 years old, but if he is as eager as 80 or 90 years old, he will persist for a long time. "In 543 BC, his great-uncle Mu Zi joined the Wu Zhao League, that is to say, according to this record, Wu Zhao should be less than 50 years old in the first 543 years, so it can be inferred that he was born not earlier than the first 592 years.
According to historical records, Zhao was an orphan, born after 597 BC in the "difficulty of entering the palace".
Of course, it is not possible to infer the year of "difficult to enter the palace" only by Wu Zhao's birth time, but also by combining the activities of the other two.
One is Zhao Tong. Yedda Chiu is the half-brother of Wu Zhao's grandfather Zhao Dun. When Zhao Shuai was in exile, he had an original wife in the State of Jin and gave birth to three sons, Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo and Zhao. When Zhao Shuai and Zhong Er fled to Zhaiguo, he married a wife in Zhaiguo and gave birth to Zhao Dun.
"The Fifteen Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan" records that Jin Wengong made Zhao Tong a prisoner, which was disrespectful to Jin Wengong. Liu Kanggong said, "In less than ten years, my uncle will be greatly blamed and the heavenly spirit will be taken away."
In 594 BC, the Jin army defeated Chizhai, destroyed the state of Lu established by Chizhai, and sent Zhao to the Zhou Dynasty to offer prisoners. Liu Kanggong of the Zhou Dynasty saw that Zhao was very arrogant and rude, and predicted: "Within ten years, there will be great disaster for my uncle. God took his soul. " Uncle Yuan is Zhao Tong.
According to Records of the Historian Zhao Family, Zhao Tuo died in 597, and in 594 he had been dead for four years. So how did he get sent to Zhou Wang for a prisoner?
The second is Zhao Kuo. "Zuo Zhuan is an official for three years" records: "In December, I was promoted to the Sixth Army." Han Jue, Zhao Kuo, Gong Shuo, Han Chuan, Xun Zun, Zhao You (zhān) are all distinguished officials, and they all enjoy the saddle.
"Three years as a public servant" is the twelfth year of Duke Jing of Jin Dynasty, that is, in 588 BC, Zhao Kuo and other five people were all "Qing", but according to historical records, the Zhao family, Zhao Kuo has been dead for nine years.
From the above analysis, we can draw a conclusion that "it is difficult to enter the palace" should happen in 583 BC, which is similar to Liu Kanggong's prediction to Zhao Tong in 594 that "within ten years, uncle will be greatly blamed."
According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Zhao, during the reign, the Zhao family in the Six Departments of the Qing Dynasty in the State of Jin was in charge of the State of Jin, and even the monarch at that time was afraid of him. Jin Linggong was young and stubborn, and trusted treacherous court official Tu'an Gu. For his own benefit, Tu'an Gu colluded with Jin Linggong and assassinated Zhengqing Zhao Dun many times, but all failed.
Zhao Dun was afraid of being killed and fled, but before he went abroad, Zhao Chuan, Zhao Dun's brother, killed Gong Ling in Taoyuan and set up a black-ass son. This is Jin Chenggong. After welcoming Zhao Dun's return, Zhao Dun was able to remain in power.
After Jin Chenggong acceded to the throne, he completely entrusted the affairs of state to Zhao Dun. Tu'an Gu fell out of power and secretly hated the Scott family, but he was afraid of Zhao Dun's authority and didn't dare to have an accident. After Jin Chenggong's death, his son Jin ascended the throne and died soon. His son Zhao Shuo inherited the title. At this time, Tu'an Gu was favored by Duke Jing of Jin, worshipped as a sheep herder, and took power.
In 597 BC, that is, the "three years of Duke Jing of Jin" mentioned in Historical Records, Tu'an Gu thought the time was ripe and told all the generals: "Although Zhao Dun didn't know it, he was still the thief. How can a courtier kill a monarch, and his descendants are court officials? How can he punish evil people? So please kill Zhao! "
At this time, Zhao's former courtier Han Zeng retorted, "When he was killed, he was on the run. Our ancestors (that is, Jin Chenggong) thought he was innocent, so they didn't kill him. Now you want to kill his descendants, which is against the will of your predecessor. This is an uprising. " It is rude for a courtier not to let the monarch know important things. "Tu'an Gu don't listen, determined to do.
Han Jue was in a hurry, and hurried to the palace of Scott Palace to persuade Zhao Shuo to escape. Zhao Shuo didn't want to say, "If you don't let Zhao die, I won't hold a grudge if Zhao Shuo dies." Han Jue agreed and refused to admit his illness when he returned.
Feng Menglong added the plot of Zhao Shuo and his wife Zhao Zhuangji in Where the History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Will Go. He told me, "If a person is born, he will be called Wen Ying, who gives birth to a girl to avenge Zhao's death, and Zhao's ancestral hall will perish! "
Tu'an Gu led people to attack Zhao Xiagong without asking the monarch, and slaughtered Zhao Shuo, Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo and Zhao to "destroy their homes".
The History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty also mentioned that he fled for fear of involvement, which was probably the only survivor of the Zhao family except.
However, the contents recorded in Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu are completely different from those recorded in Shi Zhao Ji Shi Jia. The cause of this historical event is actually the indiscretion of Zhao Ying and her niece Zhuang Ji. Based on Zuozhuan and Guoyu, the general situation is as follows:
In the era, the Zhao family rose in the State of Jin, Zhao Dun was the prime minister of the State of Jin, and his son Zhao Shuo held an important position. He married Jin Chenggong's daughter Zhuang Ji and gave birth to his son Wu Zhao. Two years after Zhao Shuo's death, his uncle Zhao Ying committed adultery with his widowed niece Zhuang Ji, so Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo attacked him and prepared to exile him to Qi. Zhao Ying said, "I'm here, so I'm not in trouble. I'm afraid you two brothers will be in danger after I leave! Besides, people have their own advantages and disadvantages. What's the harm in forgiving me? " Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo wouldn't listen.
Zhao Yingmeng saw an angel and said to herself, "Sacrifice me, and I will bless you." Zhao Ying offered sacrifices to the emissary and left Qi the next day, but she was still killed by Zhao.
This naturally aroused Zhuang Ji's resentment. Three years later, Luan's family and Yun's family hated Zhao's family and slandered Jin Jinggong, saying, "Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo are preparing for an insurrection, and Luan's family and Yun's family can be recruited." So the State of Jin killed Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo, and the Zhao family was wiped out. Duke Jing of Jin gave Zhao's field to Xi of Qi.
When Sima Qian was writing Historical Records, he didn't mention it for whatever purpose. Some people think that this is probably because the historians of Zhao thought that although this kind of thing was not uncommon in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was not a very glorious thing for Zhao after all, so it was selectively ignored.
However, whatever the reason, the final result is an "orphan of Zhao" Wu Zhao, who later successfully recovered with the help of Han Jue. This seems to be the only place where Historical Records and Zuo Zhuan go from "different ways" to "different ways".
Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals recorded that the State of Jin killed doctors Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo, but did not mention that Zhao Shuo was killed, which is exactly what the sages' classics understand. Historical Records records that Tu'an Gu attacked Scott, and Cheng Ying and Gong Shuang Chu Jiu saved orphans. I don't know what the basis is.
In the incident of "Zhao's orphan" recorded in Historical Records of Zhao, three important figures were "lonely". Because Tu'an Gu, Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu are not recorded in other historical materials, or even can't find a trace, it is generally believed that Sima Qian invented them. And no white scholar thinks that this is not necessarily the work of Zhao's historian.
"Zuo Zhuan Shi Eight Years" records: "The Jin Dynasty was the death of Zhao Ying, which was called the marquis of Jin. Some people say that the original screen will be chaotic, and Luan Ying is a sign. In June, Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo and Wu Congji were called to the palace. "
The monarch of the state of Jin defeated Zhao's Summer Palace, which is called the chaos of peace and chaos in history. Therefore, Zhuang Ji is a key figure in the whole incident. According to the textual research of Notes to Thirteen Classics, Zhuang Ji is the daughter of Jin Chenggong, and Historical Records is mistakenly recorded as the sister of Gong. Her original name is Ji Meng. She married Zhao Dun's son Zhao Shuo and gave birth to Wu Zhao. Later, Zhao Shuo died young, and posthumous title became Zhuang, also known as Zhuang. In fact, she should be Zhao's biological mother.
However, there is no record of Zhao Shuo's death in Zuo Zhuan. Some people speculate that Zhao Zhuangji and Zhao Ying had an affair before Zhao Shuo died. For convenience, they conspired to kill Zhao Shuo. As an orphan of Zhao, he is probably the product of adultery with Zhao Ying, not the son of Zhao Shuo. Such an incident undoubtedly constitutes a great shame for the descendants of Zhao, so we should try our best to cover it up and "correct".
Why did the Luan family and the Li family unite to cause Zhao's genocide? This is because Luan Shu, the master of the Luan family in the state of Jin at that time, had long been afraid of Scott's power and had always planned to attack them. Of course, he refused to miss this opportunity, so he discussed with the owner of Xi, and Duke Jing of Jin was determined to eradicate Zhao. Therefore, Luan Shu is probably the prototype of Tu'an Gu, while Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu are completely fictional characters.
In this case, Tu'an Gu, Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu appeared in the History of Zhao, which was later written by Sima Qian in the Historical Records of Zhao. In this way, there is a seemingly reasonable answer to why there is no record of these three people in Zuo Zhuan.
The case of "Zhao's orphan" may be interpreted by Zhao historians, but why didn't Sima Qian use more authentic and reliable historical materials of Zuo Zhuan when writing history books, and followed the official statement of Zhao? This leads to the emergence of another view.
According to this view, the case of "Zhao's orphan" is actually a story of Han Xin's orphan's salvation, which was falsely accused by Sima Qian.
When Han Xin was killed in the hanging bell room of Changle Palace, a guest of Han Xin's family hid his three-year-old son. Knowing that Xiao He was usually friendly with Han Xin, the guests were forced to be taken hostage by Lv Hou, so they went to see Xiao He in private, with a hint that Han Xin would lose future generations. Xiao He sighed and said, "Wrong! Wrong! " At some point, tears actually dripped down.
When the guest saw Xiao He's sincerity, he told him the truth. Xiao He said in surprise, "Can you hide Huaiyin Hou's son? I can't stay in China any longer, so run. " Zhao Tuo, South Guangdong, will definitely save this child. "
So Xiao He wrote a letter to the guest, asking him to send the child to Zhao Jiatuo to hide. Xiao He said in the letter: "This is the son of Huaiyin Hou. Please treat him well. " Zhao Tuo took the child as his adopted son, hid him by the sea, and changed his surname to Wei, which is half of Korean dialect. Now the Webster family is still a prosperous family in overseas Confucianism in Guangnan.
Sima Qian concealed this matter when he was writing the Biography of Huaiyin Hou, because he was worried that once this matter was known to the world, the Han Dynasty would be eradicated, so it was not convenient to say it clearly, so he took it as a matter of fact and took Han Dang Scott. Xiao He's home became the Jin Palace, and Gong Sun was probably two guests of Han Xin. So it became an eternal mystery, just like today's novels, not a real record.
In fact, this view lacks reliable historical evidence, so it has not been recognized by people.
However, there should be some possibilities.