Woodworking acceptance standards
Acceptance of wooden curtain boxes
1. Construction content of wooden curtain boxes wooden windows
Wooden curtain boxes are An important part of home decoration is an important facility for concealing curtains. When designing suspended ceilings and window covers, matching curtain boxes should be designed to improve the overall decorative effect.
There are two forms of curtain boxes depending on how the top is treated. One is that the room has a suspended ceiling, and the curtain box should be hidden in the suspended ceiling, which is completed together when making the top suspended ceiling. The other is that the room does not have a suspended ceiling, and the curtain box is fixed on the wall and integrated with the window frame. The structure of the curtain box is relatively simple and the construction is relatively easy.
2. Construction specifications of wooden curtain boxes
The specifications of the curtain box are about 100 mm high, and the width is determined according to the number of curtain rods used. The width of a single rod is 120 mm, and the width of a double rod is 120 mm. The width is more than 150 mm, and the length is based on the design requirements. The shortest length should exceed the window width by 300 mm, and both sides of the window should exceed 150 mm. The longest length can be the entire length of the wall. Use large core boards to make curtain boxes and connect them with viscose. If the facing is painted with clear oil, a decorative panel made of the same material as the window frame should be pasted on. The pasting surface is the outer side and bottom of the curtain box. Through-type curtain boxes can be directly fixed on the walls and ceiling on both sides. Non-through-type curtains should use metal brackets. Generally, iron brackets are used. The iron brackets have been pre-embedded during the structural construction, and can also be directly fixed on the walls and ceiling. On the surface. When fixing, drill holes at the fixing point, place plastic expansion pins, and fix with screws. In order to ensure that the curtain box is installed flatly, the lengths of both sides from the window opening should be equal, and the thread should be stretched before installation. After the curtain box is installed, the finishing construction of the veneer will also be carried out, and the installed curtain box should be protected to prevent contamination and damage.
3. Acceptance of wooden curtain boxes
The installation of wooden curtain boxes should be according to the designed size. If the room has a suspended ceiling, the curtain box should not protrude from the top. If the curtain box is installed separately, it should be installed Straight. The surface treatment of the curtain box should be the same as the quality standard of wall covering or joinery decoration. The installation of curtain rod should meet the design requirements, and the installation should be straight and firm.
4. Common quality problems in the construction of wooden curtain boxes and their solutions
Common quality problems in the construction of wooden curtain boxes include the following:
(1) Curtain boxes Looseness: The main reason is that the rod eye is loose during production or the connection with the base body is not firm. If the rod eye is not tightly connected, the curtain box should be removed, the rod eye should be repaired and then reinstalled. If the connection with the base is not firm, the screws should be tightened further or fixing points should be added.
(2) The curtain box is incorrect: The main reason is that it is installed without elastic threads during installation, causing the height difference between the two ends and the lateral position installation difference to exceed the allowable deviation. The curtain box should be dismantled and reinstalled after springing the thread as required. The surface decoration of wooden curtain boxes can be painted, pasted, etc. The quality defects of the surface decoration will be reflected in the construction of the wall.
5. Construction period estimate of wooden curtain boxes
If the wooden curtain box production period is in a room with a suspended ceiling, it does not need to be calculated separately. If it is made separately, each worker can make 2 pieces per day. Curtain box about 5 meters long (only the structure and panels are made, the surface decoration treatment is carried out at the same time as the wall and ceiling).
Construction and acceptance of wooden dado
1. Construction content of wooden dado
Wooden dado is a wall protection facility constructed with wooden keels, plywood and decorative lines. , is mostly used for wall decoration in living rooms and bedrooms in home decoration. The general height is 900 mm, and the panel material plywood can be fully utilized.
There are two types of wooden wall skirts: belt type and beltless type. When the wall skirt does not have a belt, the seaming method should be designed. Generally, there are three types of flat seams, eight-shaped seams and line pressure seams. Home decoration Generally, line pressure seams are used.
2. Construction specifications of wooden dado skirts
The construction of wooden dado skirts should be carried out under the conditions of strong, flat and dry base surface. Before installing the wooden wall skirt, horizontal elevation lines and board dividing lines should be popped up on the wall according to the design drawings and dimensions. Drill holes 10 mm below the elevation control line of the wall, drill holes on the binning line, drive in anti-corrosion treated wooden molds, and then treat the wall to be moisture-proof and flame-retardant.
When nailing wooden keels, the distance between horizontal keels should be 400 mm and the distance between vertical keels 600 mm. Use round nails to fix the keels on the wooden formwork inside the wall. A pad should be nailed at the bottom of the vertical keels at a distance of 5 mm from the ground. Wood, the width of the pad is the same as the keel, and the thickness is 3 mm high. Ventilation holes are drilled on the horizontal keel, at least one for each level.
Before installing the wall panels, you should cut the materials according to the size. When using glue to make the schematic board, the cutting length should be 800 mm. Apply glue to the outside of the wooden keels, fix the wall panels on the wooden keels, and use Nail reinforcement. The joints of the wall panels must be on the vertical keels, and the joints must be pressed with pressure strips.
Install the skirting board at the bottom of the wooden wall skirt, and fix the skirting board on the pads and wall panels. The height of the skirting board is 150*120 mm, and the riser is fixed on the wall panel with wooden strips.
After the wooden dado is installed, the finishing treatment should be carried out immediately and the surface should be painted with clear oil to prevent other types of work from contaminating the board surface.
3. Acceptance of wooden dado
The structure of the wooden dado meets the design requirements, the embedded parts have undergone anti-corrosion treatment, and the moisture content of the wood used is less than 12% for wooden keels and less than 10% for plywood. The panels are made of the same tree species with similar textures, and the corner lines and skirting boards are made of the same tree species as the dado skirts. The daily inspection of the wall skirt panel shows that there are no dead joints, cores, rot spots, consistent patterns, and consistent colors. The dimensions are correct and the grids are regular. The paint film is bright and smooth by manual inspection, and there are no quality defects such as penetration, brush drop, or dripping. Use a ruler to measure the top of the dado, the belt and the skirting board. The error of the straightness is less than 2 mm, the error of the thickness of the wall is less than 1 mm, and the error of the division is less than 1 mm.
4. Common quality problems of wooden dado skirts and how to deal with them
Common quality problems of wooden dado skirts have two aspects: in terms of structure, if the number of keels is small, the plywood is thin and the quality is poor , can lead to instability of the board surface. The number of keels should be increased, the spacing should be reduced, or thick plywood should be used instead. In terms of construction, the main problems are that the joints are not straight and the wood grain pattern is misaligned. The joints should be repaired after disassembly, the position of the board should be adjusted, and the alignment should be correct before reinstalling.
5. Construction period estimate of the wooden dado
The construction of the wooden dado should start after the roof and wall base are processed, and should be completed before the completion of the project. The wooden keels and panels should be installed for three rooms and two living rooms. It takes about 20 people to build a room, and the different complexity of the dado will affect the construction period. The paint application will vary depending on the paint used and the construction method. It generally takes 4 days and can be carried out at the same time as other wood surface paints.
Construction and acceptance of heating cover
③ Lean the door and window sash against the frame, mark out the height, width and width according to the doorway, then plan and trim. After reaching the specified standards, remove the hinge grooves. Take it out and fix the hinges on the door and window sashes first, and then install them on the door and window frames. The position of the hinge groove should be accurate to prevent distortion after the door leaf is fixed.
(2) Suspension sliding wooden doors and windows: Suspension sliding wooden doors and windows refer to doors and windows with pulleys on the upper part of the door and window and a guide rail on the lower part. The hanging type is mainly used for sliding doors. The installation procedures for hanging sliding wooden doors and windows are as follows:
① When installing hanging sliding doors, the installation of the upper beams, side frame panels and lower guide rails should first be determined based on the 500 mm horizontal line and coordinate datum line. position line. Use screws to fix the upper beam to the top of the door opening. If there is a side frame plate, use screws to fix the side frame plate to the side of the wall of the opening.
② Remove the bolts and nuts from the hanging parts, put them on the I-beam slide rail, and use screws to fix the I-beam slide rail to the bottom of the upper beam. Fix the lower guide rail with expansion bolts or plastic expansion tube screws. When installing the door leaf, first install the suspension bolts into the special holes on the top of the door leaf, use wooden molds to flatten the door along the guide rail, and then use nuts to fix the suspension bolts and pendants. After checking that the door edge matches the side frame plate, Fix the door stop and install it close to the face.
(3) Bottom-loading sliding doors and windows: Bottom-loading sliding doors and windows refer to sliding doors and windows with pulleys at the bottom of the doors and windows. They are mainly used for the installation of sliding windows. Their structure is shown in Figure 4-5. The installation procedure of the bottom-loading sliding window is as follows:
① When installing the bottom-loading sliding window, you should first determine the installation position of the upper, lower and side frame panels by elastic wires, and fix the lower frame panel with screws. At the bottom of the hole, use screws to fix the side frame plate to the side of the hole wall, and use screws to fix the upper frame plate to the top of the hole.
②Accurately mark the installation position of the steel skin chute on the lower frame plate, use a fan shovel to cut out a wooden groove with the same thickness as the steel skin on the frame plate, and use adhesive to stick the steel skin chute on the frame plate. Inside the wooden trough.
③When installing the window sash, first use adhesive to stick the special wheel box into the reserved hole under the lower end of the window sash. After installing the window sash on the track, check whether the gap between the window edge and the side frame panel is the same width up and down, and then install the cover after adjustment.
3. Construction specifications for wooden door and window covers
The installation of wooden door and window covers is the most commonly used method for door and window renovation in home decoration. During the construction of wooden door and window casings, holes should be drilled in the base wall first and the wooden formwork should be installed. The upper and lower spacing of the wooden molds is less than 300 mm, and the spacing between each row is less than 150 mm. The formwork should be horizontally and vertically. If the base wall is not vertical, use spacers to make the foundation vertical first. Then cut the large core board according to the designed door and window facing width and doorway width, and fix it on the wall and door opening with round nails. The round nails should be nailed to the wooden mold. After checking that the bottom pad is firm and safe, it can be painted with fire-retardant paint.
For door and window cladding panels, plywood with beautiful patterns and smooth surfaces should be selected. The tree species of the plywood should meet the design requirements. When cutting the decorative panel, you should first pop up the cutting line according to the width of the door opening and the face, cut it with a sharp knife, and plan the seams 45°. At the corner, apply latex on the back and stick it to the base plate. Use a nail gun to drive uncapped straight nails into the surface for reinforcement. Note that the joints at the door opening and wall interface must be straight, 45. Corner to seam. After the veneer panel is pasted and installed, seal the edge with a wooden corner line and plan the horizontal and vertical joints of the corner line 45°. Corner seam treatment.
4. Acceptance of wooden door and window projects (1) Installation of wooden doors and windows: wooden doors and windows should be inspected before installation. In addition to checking whether their materials meet the requirements, the width of the door and window sash should also be inspected. , whether the height is consistent with the dimensions of the drawing, whether it matches the frame cover, whether the opening direction meets the requirements, whether the structure is reasonable, whether the embedded parts of the hole for installing the hinges are accurate and firm, whether the hinge positions of the door and window sash and the frame are consistent, whether the door leaf is consistent Whether it matches the lock opening of the door frame, and whether the position of installing the latch and door latch is accurate.
In addition to testing the dimensions of wooden doors and windows made on site, the appearance quality and processing quality of the doors and windows should also be tested. As decorative wooden doors and windows, there should be no corrosion spots, dead joints, or damage on the surface. The joints at the opening rods should be tight. The door leaves should not be warped or twisted. The door leaves should be square and consistent with the door frame. The door leaves should be able to fit into the doorway. It is advisable to leave room for future repairs. The wooden wire structure meets the design requirements, and the nails are firm, smooth, and straight.
(2) Construction of wooden door and window covers: The production of wooden door and window covers should meet the design requirements, the tree species and materials used should match the door leaves, and the use of door eyebrows and facings should be consistent with the design; visual inspection of door and window covers There should be no obvious quality defects on the surface; there should be no empty drum sound when used for slapping. Use a ruler to measure the verticality and the fit of the door and window sash. The surface paint film should be smooth and bright, without any quality defects such as drops, bubbles, wrinkles, etc.
5. Common quality problems in wooden door and window projects and how to deal with them
(1) Installation of wooden doors and windows 2. The installation of wooden doors and windows is a highly technical construction project, and the main problems that are prone to occur during construction The problems are as follows:
① The gap between the door and window sash and the frame is large: the main reason is that the planing and repairing during installation are not accurate and the door and window frame is not perpendicular to the ground. The door and window sash can be removed and planed until it matches the frame. Then reinstall it. If the door or window frame is not vertical, use gaskets in the frame plate to straighten it.
②The installation quality of hardware is poor: the reason is that the hinges of the flat door are not straightened, resulting in uneven door and window sashes and frame covers. You can first unscrew one screw for each hinge, then adjust the flatness of the door and window sash and frame. After the adjustment and repair are correct, tighten all the screws. If the hinge screws are short, the screws are driven in once, or they are tilted, it will cause the door and window sashes to wander. Appropriate screws should be replaced during repairs. The screws must be straight when screwing in. The screws should be driven into 1/3 of the total length first, and then screwed in the remaining 2/3. It is strictly prohibited to screw in at once or at an angle.
③ The door leaf does not open and close smoothly: The main reason is that there is a problem with the lock installation. The deadbolt plate should be removed, the tongue groove should be repaired with a chisel, and the position of the deadbolt mouth of the door frame should be adjusted before installing the deadbolt plate.
④ Sliding doors and windows are tightened when sliding: The main reason is that the center lines of the upper and lower rails or rail grooves are not in the same vertical plane. The center lines of the upper and lower rails or rail grooves should be aligned vertically by adjusting the rail position.
(2) Construction of wooden door and window casings: The construction of wooden door and window casings is a highly technical detail decoration. Common quality problems include the following:
① The sides of the door and window openings are not vertical : The main reason is that there is no spacer for straightening. The padding should be reworked and leveled, and the padding board should be installed after measuring it correctly with a long ruler.
② If there is color difference, damage, corrosion spots, cracks, etc. on the surface: these must be solved by replacing the veneer. The wood used for door and window casings should be coordinated with the wood and color of the door and window sash. The color difference between the decorative panels and the wooden lines should not be large, and the wood species should be the same.
③ If you tap the side panel of the door pocket with your hand and there is a hollow sound: it indicates that the bottom layer is not padded with a large core board, and the panel should be removed and padded with a large core board.
6. Construction period estimate of the wooden door and window project
The wooden door and window project is a time-consuming project in home decoration. Construction should start after the basic structure is processed, and before the project is handed over Completed. The specific construction period is that it takes two days to make a new door carpentry, one day to renovate one coffin, half a day to install the first floor (including hinges, locks, door catches, etc.), half a day to paint one coffin with finishing paint, and the rest is craftsmanship Waiting time.
Construction and acceptance of wooden lattice ceilings
1. The role of wooden lattice ceilings
Wooden lattice ceilings are different from other ceiling projects and should be classified as Joinery decoration and wooden grille ceiling are commonly used methods in home decoration of corridors, entrances, restaurants and spaces with larger ceiling beams.
The wooden grille ceiling can not only beautify the top, but also achieve the purpose of adjusting lighting and increasing the overall decoration effect of the environment. It is required that the design is generous, the structure is reasonable, the appearance is beautiful, the fixation is firm, the material surface is smooth, the color is uniform, the internal lighting layout is scientific, the final paint film is complete, no scratches, no pollution, etc.
2. Installation of wooden grille ceiling
The production of wooden grille frame should be based on accurate measurement of the ceiling size. The keel should be finely machined, the surface should be planed, the joints should be opened with rods, the intersection of the horizontal and vertical keels should be opened with a half-slot overlap, and should be painted with flame retardant.
During installation, the elevation control line and hanger installation line should be popped up according to the design, and wooden molds should be drilled on the wall and ceiling. The ceiling hangers should be fixed on the inner hooks of the keel with thick metal wires. During installation, adopt the overall lifting method, move the wooden grille frame as a whole above the elevation line, and connect it to the hanging parts on the ceiling. After all the hanging parts are connected to the grille frame, adjust the length of the hanging parts to level the grille surface. After adjusting the grille frame to be flush with the control line, fix the surrounding wooden keels to the wall.
To finish the surface of the wooden grille frame, it is usually pasted with more expensive wood sheets, lighting fixtures and closing decorative lines are installed. The base of the lamp can be installed during the production of the wooden grille frame, and then connected after hoisting. Turn on the power. The decorative strips of the inner frame of the grille should be installed on the ground, and the closing lines should be installed after the ceiling is installed. After the wooden grille is installed, the surface should be painted with clear oil, and then frosted glass should be installed.
3. Common quality problems and solutions for grille ceilings
Common quality defects of wooden grille ceilings are uneven or uneven grilles, uneven surfaces, collapses, and lifts. arch. The main reason why the grids are uneven or not square is that the foundation wall is not square or the openings at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical grids are not vertical. Therefore, before installing the wooden grille frame, the basic wall should be squared. First use a ruler to measure the length and angle of each side. If the error is small, putty can be used to scrape the wall to find the square. If the error is large, The board should be padded first and then leveled with putty. When the horizontal and vertical keel grilles are slotted and overlapped, they must be vertical, otherwise they should be repaired and installed.
The main reasons for the uneven surface, collapse, and arching are not only the lax connection during construction, but also the deformation of the wood, the frosted glass being too thick, and the heavy lighting fixtures. Therefore, during construction, pine trees that are not easily deformed should be selected as the skeleton, and frosted glass should be 3 mm thick. Lighting lights can be installed on the ceiling or light materials should be selected to prevent the ceiling from being overloaded. If there is arching, the hanging parts can be adjusted to make the top surface flat.
4. Construction period estimate of wooden grille ceiling
Wooden grille ceiling is a labor-intensive and complex project, involving a lot of materials, and takes a long time to prepare and make. The veneer pasting, surface painting, glass installation, etc. require careful operation and meticulous construction, which consumes a lot of man-hours and requires a high technical level. The wooden grille ceiling is about 15 square meters. It takes about 10 days from material preparation to completion, including 2 days for processing and making the keel frame, 2 days for material preparation and installation, and 3 days for decoration. The rest is the waiting time for the process. Cross or parallel work with other carpentry decoration. The construction period will vary depending on the squareness of the structure and the materials used.
Construction and acceptance of caisson ceilings
l. The role of caisson ceilings
There are many forms of ceiling projects, including paint ceilings and wallpaper ceilings in terms of materials used. , wooden ceilings and decorative panel ceilings, which are divided into light steel keels, aluminum alloy keels and wooden keel ceilings in terms of structure, and flat ceilings, caisson-type ceilings and special-shaped ceilings in terms of appearance. In home decoration, wooden keels are generally used as the skeleton, gypsum board or wood is used as the panel, and paint or wallpaper is used as the final decoration. This kind of suspended ceiling can overcome the contradiction between low room and top decoration, facilitate on-site construction, improve decoration grade, reduce project cost, and achieve the purpose of top decoration, so it is widely used.
2. Installation of wooden keels
(1) Installation requirements
①Material: The wood is required to ensure that there are no splits, corrosion, insects, dead joints, etc. Quality defects: The specifications are that the cross-section length is 30~40 mm, the width is 40~50 mm, and the moisture content is less than 10%.
② Design: Use a caisson-type suspended ceiling, and the height difference shall not be greater than 300 mm. If the height difference is greater than 300 mm, ladder grading should be used to reduce the height difference of each floor. The keel structure must be strong, and the distance between large keels must not be greater than 500 mm. The keel must be firmly fixed, and the keel frame must have fixings on the top and wall.
③Construction: The elevation deviation of the suspended ceiling shall not be greater than 5 mm, the appearance shall be straight, the facing shall be smooth, and the retaining keels shall be at the joints of the decorative panels. The bottom surface of the wooden keel should be planed and smoothed, the cross-section thickness should be consistent, and should be flame-retardant. The equipment inspection openings on the top and the reserved positions for lamps are symmetrical and reasonably laid out, and the lighting circuits are laid in place.
(2) Installation specifications:
First, the elevation line, shape position line, hanging point layout line and lamp installation position line should pop up. The specific method is to use the ground as the starting point and pop up the elevation line on the wall; then use the wall as the reference point to measure the position line of the ceiling shape to determine the location of the top hanging point. If it is a graded ceiling, hanging points should be arranged at the edge of the variable elevation position. The positions of lamps should be evenly distributed and arranged regularly.
There are two methods for fixing the hanging point at the top of the keel frame. One is to use nails with a diameter of more than 5 mm to directly fix the angle iron or flat iron on the top. The other is to drill holes on the top and use expansion Bolt fixed iron parts or wooden squares as hanging points. No matter what method is adopted, the lifting points should be ensured to be firm and safe. When installing keels, the long keels along the wall should be fixed first. The method is to use a percussion drill to drill a hole 10 mm above the elevation line of the wall ceiling, with a hole diameter greater than 12 mm, and drive a wooden form into the hole. The surgical molds should be treated with antiseptic treatment, and the distance between wooden molds should be 500 to 800 mm. Fix the long keel to the wooden form with round nails. There are generally two methods for fixing the middle keel and the hanging points: one is the wooden hanging point. The hanging rod and the wooden hanging point are nailed together with nails. In order to facilitate leveling, the hanging rod should be 100 mm longer than the required height of the suspended ceiling. After fixing, level it and cut off the excess. The other is a flat iron or angle iron hanging point. Holes should be drilled in the flat iron or angle iron, and wood screws should be used to fix the boom and iron parts.
A half-slot should be opened on the outside of the small keel, and round nails should be used to firmly connect the small keel and the boom. A half-slot should be opened at the bottom of the keel according to the spacing between the small keels, so that the small keels and the keels are staggered, and the bottom surface is ensured to be a flat surface.