"From the Yellow Emperor to Shun and Yu, they are all foreign countries with the same surname, with Zhang Mingde."
With the gradual formation of our ancient ancestors entering the form of state organization, the selection system of tribal alliance leaders at that time began to change to hereditary system, and the concept of "one monarch, one family and one country" began to form. The title of representing monarch or leader family began to mean that it had become the representative symbol of a dynasty and a political power and the title of a country.
Although the origin of the names of the twelve dynasties is not stated, it can be roughly divided into Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing according to historical periods.
These twelve dynasties, in addition to Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the controversial Song Dynasty, can all be called dynasties in the period of great unification. In fact, Wang Mang's "Xin" and Wu Zetian's "Zhou" between the Han Dynasty once existed as a central unified dynasty, but they were ignored because of their short establishment time and little influence.
Before the summer, there was another saying that there were "Tang Tao" of Yao Emperor and "Yu" of Shun Di in ancient times, so I won't go into details.
The origin of "Xia" in ancient times is Xia, which was established about 472 years ago and spread to 16. As the earliest dynasty in China, there are many explanations about the origin of its appellation. Mainly includes:
1, water conservancy is a "godsend", "Mandarin", about Yu, the founder of Xia Dynasty, that is, Qi's father, who said that Yu was active in water conservancy, so:
"Emperor Tian's family is only seen in the world. It is given to the surname, and the surname is called Xia, which means that it can be good and rich."
It can probably be understood that the Yu family at that time was rewarded by the leader of the tribal alliance at that time because of its contribution. It was called "Ranger" at that time. After the establishment of the political power, it is natural to take the title of family as the name of the country.
2, "China people say" and "Shuowen" said:
"Summer, China people also; From the text, from the page, from the mortar, the hand, the text is also two feet. "
Yidi entered China and was called Huawei Xia Ren. This statement seems far-fetched.
3. "Summer is like cicada", in fact, it mainly talks about the totem of Xia people. The original writing of the word "Xia" is a bit like cicada or some kind of reptile, which was the totem of Xia people at that time.
Others include "Going into the Water", "Xia Xiang Wu Rong" and "Xia Hou".
In short, the Xia people at that time were probably named after titles, totems and surnames. However, due to the long history, several theories are naturally controversial.
"Yin Shang" is not clear.
Shang Dynasty was founded in about 629, and spread to 30 masters.
The Shang Dynasty was established when the soup was boiled in summer. The country name of Shang Dynasty is sometimes called "Shang" and "Yin" in various documents, which is often unclear.
1, Totem Theory: According to the record of the origin of merchants in The Poetry, it is said as follows:
"The fate of the mysterious bird was born in business."
In historical records, it is also said that the ancestor of the merchant was Di Ku's concubine Judie, who swallowed an egg of "Xuanniao" while taking a bath in the wild, and finally got pregnant and gave birth to the merchant's ancestor Yin Qi.
In fact, it just shows that the "business" of businessmen actually mainly comes from totem belief. After becoming the soup to destroy the summer, the businessmen who became the ruling nation naturally took the totem of their own nation as the name of the world.
2. Place names: Of course, there is a "place name" theory about the origin of Shang Dynasty. It is said that Yin Qi, the ancestor of the merchant at that time, whose mother swallowed bird eggs, was sealed to the commercial land, hence the name.
Regarding the appellation of Yin, according to the main historical statement, the Shang Dynasty moved its capital several times after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Among them, when Wang Pan Geng of 19 moved to Yin, the name of Shang State was changed to Yin, and Yin became the name of Shang State. But according to ancient records, before Pan Geng moved to Yin, merchants were actually called Yin people.
The Emperor of Song Dynasty said that he avoided naming names. Another theory is that in order to avoid naming Zhao, his father, the Emperor of Song Dynasty changed the Yin people into merchants in history and artificially changed the Yin dynasty into Shang dynasty. Of course, this statement is controversial.
Generally speaking, Shang, like Xia, is recognized by many people because of "totem".