1, in a compassionate position, be kind to brother ministers.
Although Li Yu is the master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he has no real ability to govern the country. After fifteen years in office, he lost a big southern country with three thousand miles of mountains and rivers. As a monarch, he is obviously incompetent. But he was kind to his brothers, courtiers and even court officials, which was rare among feudal emperors. Therefore, after Li Yu's death, people in the Southern Tang Dynasty "cried for fasting".
Some historians say that the history of China is a bloody history, and every generation of kings succeeded to the throne by stepping on blood. Hu Hai and Zhao Gaomi murdered Fu Su, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was addicted to killing the prince, Yang Di killed his father, the change of Xuanwumen of Emperor Taizong, the sound of a candle shadow axe in Song Taizong, and so on.
Of course, as a big country in the south of the Yangtze River, Li, who was about to succeed Li Jing as emperor, was poisoned and died suddenly soon. As the sixth son, Li Yu himself has no chance to be emperor. In fact, Li Yu himself has no intention of being an emperor.
Self-titled "alto" and "lianfeng layman", wandering Xiushan Lishui. But his five brothers died one after another, and the mercy naturally ranked on Li Yu. It can be said that Li Yu's mercy is also very accidental.
Li Yu inherited the throne and was very kind to his brothers, first of all, his seventh brother Li. Before Li Yu succeeded to the throne, Li had conspired with Minister Zhong You to usurp the throne of the Prince. Zhong Mo even bluntly said in front of Yuan Zong Excavate that "he is from Guardian, and he is light-hearted and cool-hearted, not a master."
However, Li Jing, who is also very competent as a scholar, finally named Li Yu as the king of Wu, respected official orders and was familiar with political affairs, and let him live in the East Palace, which basically determined Li Yu's path to the emperor. After Li Yu succeeded to the throne, he did not chase Li, but changed him to Zheng Wang and moved to Qiu and Zhong Shuling.
The minister in charge of the testamentary edict reported to Li Yu that Li tried to tamper with the testamentary edict after Li Jing's death. Li Yu did not show any abnormality, but gave Li greater rights. Later, Li sent him to the Song Dynasty and was detained by Emperor Taizong in Bianjing. Li Yu repeatedly hoped that Song Taizu would be released and returned to China, but he couldn't.
Li Yu gave up the Four Seasons Banquet because he missed being kind, and wrote Qing Ping Le, Que Denggao Wen and Xie Xin 'en to express his yearning for being kind. These articles are both sad and touching. Among them, Song Taizong did not endure to study, but went up to ask.
Li Yu is also generous and affectionate to other younger brothers. When Li Cong, the eighth brother, left Xuanzhou Town, Li Yu not only sent a farewell party, but also wrote a poem and preface to send twenty brothers Deng Wang and twenty-six brothers Deng Xuancheng to express his feelings.
Li Yu's attitude towards ministers and imperial secretaries is also quite lenient. Although Li Yu is an emperor, he often indulges in beautiful poems and often abandons state affairs. The suggestion was made: "Li rewarded 30 silks." .
After the death of Emperor E a few weeks ago, Li Yu made his sister Nv Ying his heir, and Minister Han Xizai wrote a satirical poem. Li Yu didn't scold him, but praised him for being outspoken and wanted to take photos with Han Xizai. Minister Wang Huan wrote to let Liang Wudi starve in the palace and accused Li Yu of being a Buddhist. Li Yu not only refused to investigate, but promoted Wang Huan's official position.
Of course, Li Yu also killed Pan You and Li Ping at the instigation of his favorite Zhang Yue. But he soon regretted it and comforted Pan You and Li Ping's family, so he blamed himself many times. Even before Li Yu died, he said, "I regret killing Pan You and Li Ping." On the whole, Li Yu is quite lenient towards courtiers compared with kings of past dynasties.
Perhaps it is because Li Yu was "born in the palace and grew up in the hands of women", so Li Yu is also very kind and compassionate to the ladies-in-waiting. Li Yu wrote in the word "Willow Branches": the customs are getting old and shy, and the soul is fragrant everywhere. ?
Thank you for your long separation. Zhang Songbangji's Miscellaneous Notes on Mozhuang contains: Li Houzhu in the south of the Yangtze River tasted the imperial court in Fan Luo to celebrate his slaves:' ... customs are getting old, ashamed of spring, ... Buddha's head hangs down. I want to see its romance. Fan has been handed down from your family. It can be seen that the word "willow branches" was written by imperial secretary Qing slaves. From the analysis of this word, it is not difficult to see that Li Yu shows nostalgia and comfort for the old and faded slaves.
2, political literati, both suspicious and cowardly.
While Li Yu is generous, he also shows the suspicion of emperors and the cowardice of ordinary people. Li Yu's suspicion is first manifested in his handling of Pan You and Lin.
After Li Yu succeeded to the throne, Pan You was tired of being a foreign minister, official and civil servant. He used the Book of Rites for reference to carry out political reform. However, the people objected loudly and soon failed. Later, he wrote many times to discuss current politics. Encouraged by Zhang Yue and Xu Xuan, Li Yu thought that Pan Yi's words were intended to disturb state affairs, and finally detained Pan Yi.
When the ministers of the DPRK saw Pan You in prison, they took the opportunity to slander Li Ping, the minister who had made good friends with Pan You, and Li Ping was also taken into custody, and soon hanged himself in prison. Pan You was disheartened by Li Ping's death, and soon he committed suicide. As a rare genius general in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Lin's death is also inseparable from the suspicion of the late master Li Yu.
History shows that Lin is brave and good at fighting. Both the troops in the Later Zhou Dynasty and those who proclaimed themselves emperors met Lin, which is the Great Wall of Wan Li in the Southern Tang Dynasty. The forest is the biggest obstacle for him to March into the south of the Yangtze River, so he tried his best to get rid of it.
The opportunity happened when Li was in the Song Dynasty. First, someone stole a portrait of Lin and hung it in a big house. When Taizu received Li, he specially led him into the mansion and pointed to the picture on the wall and said, "Lin is coming to surrender. He took his portrait as a token, so I will accept this mansion as a reward for his surrender."
Li was not smart enough. He knew Mao's plot, so he sent an envoy to sneak into Nantang and report to Li Yu. Li Yu believed it, but he couldn't bear to be instructed by another general, Huang Jixun, to kill Lin. Lin's death also accelerated the demise of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Later, Li Yu was afraid that the front-line generals would do anything to replace Lu Jiang, which led to the distraction of the front-line troops. ?
As a generation of emperors, Li Yu also has the cowardice of ordinary people, and this cowardice has been running through Li Yu's life, especially during his fifteen years as king.
Before his brother Li Hongji died, Li Yu never cared about politics for fear. He indulged in landscapes and amused himself with poems. Even after he became emperor, Li Yu was as obedient to the Northern Song Dynasty as his father, Li Jing, and immediately wrote Song Taizu's Accessory Table to the Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty after he acceded to the throne.
When the envoys of the Northern Song Dynasty went to the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu didn't even dare to wear a dragon robe or live in a gorgeous palace, and even the titles of his children were reduced level by level. Li Yu tried his best to preserve the flattery of the Southern Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. In the battle of Tang and Song Dynasties, Li Yu's cowardice was also revealed.
In the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), Lin once advised Li Yu: "The Northern Song Dynasty was plagued by years of war, and teachers and travelers were exhausted. Huainan defensive emptiness. I hope to get tens of thousands of soldiers, cross the river to the north, and base myself on Shouchun, an important town in Huainan, in order to recover the lost land of Huaihe River. If I'm worried that I can't defeat the enemy and it's bad for our country, I can arrest my family and put them in prison on the day I start my army, and then report it to the Song Dynasty court and accuse me of stealing soldiers and rebelling.
If things are done, the country may benefit; If I fail, I am willing to be genocide. "But Li Yu didn't accept it because he was afraid of the Northern Song Dynasty. It was known to him before he decided to get rid of Lin.
In addition, when the Northern Song Dynasty attacked the Southern Han Dynasty, he was afraid that the Southern Tang Dynasty would send troops to intercept Song Jun Road and jointly attack Song Jun with the Southern Han Dynasty, so he sent someone to ask about Li Yu's attitude, but Li Yu wrote to persuade the Southern Han Dynasty to submit to the Northern Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, Nan Han died, and Nan Tang lost his lips and teeth, which eventually led to the ruin of the country. During Li Yu's fifteen years in power, Song Taizu invited Li Yu to go north many times, but Li Yu dared not go north again under repeated evasions.
As for Cao Bin, the general of the Northern Song Dynasty, who led his troops to capture the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu filled the palace with firewood and wanted to set himself on fire. Finally, the house caught fire, but he hesitated and finally ran out. Li Yu surrendered himself when the capital of Southern Tang Dynasty was broken. Chen Qiao, the current political assistant, advised, "A country that has been dead since ancient times has no reason to fall, but it is just a shame. Please attack the city. "
Chen Qiao hanged himself when Li Yu didn't listen. After Li Yu was captured, Cao Bin comforted him, saying, "When the monarch faced the imperial court, his salary was limited and his expenses were increasing day by day. If you don't spend much money, you can't make ends meet. At this time, the head of a country can decorate himself in the palace for a rainy day. Once you become a minister, you will return to the court and the king will get nothing. " Li Yu thanked Cao Bin repeatedly and made an appointment to pay a return visit.
After Li Yu left, other generals in the Northern Song Dynasty blamed Cao Bin for being afraid of Li Yu's escape or suicide. However, Cao Bin said with a smile, "Li Yu has always been weak. If he is willing to die for his country, will he still wear a shrink suit and meet the surrender naked? " When I first got on the boat, I was still shaking because of the storm. How could I have lost my life in vain! "It can be seen that Li Yu's cowardice is well known even to people in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Of course, there is no denying that before the country perished, Li Yu also organized some resistance, and a number of loyal generals emerged, such as Zhong You, Liao Cheng,,, Ma, and so on. However, the Southern Tang Dynasty was already a mansion that was about to collapse, and it was finally difficult to resist the massive attack of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The cowardice of ordinary people may last a lifetime. However, as an emperor, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, when the war was incessant and the political situation was turbulent, the results brought by Li Yu's cowardice to himself and the country were obvious, and his cowardly character was also one of the most direct reasons for Li Yu's demise in the Northern Dynasties.
It is unwilling and helpless to be imprisoned in the Northern Dynasties.
During the fifteen years since Li Yu proclaimed himself emperor, he was a man of temperament, including forgiveness for his brothers, courtiers and imperial secretaries, suspicion as a monarch and cowardice as an ordinary person. But perhaps out of nature and stimulated by the pain of national subjugation, Li Yu showed some inner resistance during his life when he was captured in Bianjing.
In the eighth year of Song Kaibao (976), Li Yu surrendered to the Song Dynasty and was captured to Bianjing, where he was a general and disobeyed orders. Being a prisoner in Bianjing is a far cry from being in Jinling.
It can be seen from The History of Song Dynasty-A Family of Southern Tang Dynasty that Li Yu had a hard time in Bianjing. During his whole day in Lacrimosa, he was not only watched, but also mentally tortured and even lived in poverty. He even told Song Taizong that he was poor, and Emperor Taizong increased his salary. "Once classified as a vassal, Shen Yao and Pan Bian killed time" is the truest portrayal of Li Yu's national subjugation.
In addition, Li Yu's queen is often called by Song Taizong to bring a married woman into the palace. Every time she comes out for a few days, she will cry and scold her husband. Hearing this, Li Yu turned away.
Visible, Li Yu knows Zhou Xiao humiliated in the palace, also just keep silent, brimming with. In fact, Li Yu, once an emperor, was extremely weak towards the Song Emperor. As a prisoner, what can Yu do except escape and endure? But Li Yu has a heart that dare not be humiliated, so he can only put this heart into his own works.
Seeing Youhuan is full of silent sadness, which means "cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic, leaving sorrow, especially in my heart." Broken Array, Forty Years of Home Country, Three Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers, On the most hasty day of resigning from the official temple, the teaching workshop still played a farewell song and cried for Gong E.. These poems, full of national subjugation and helplessness, spread to the hometown of Jiangnan and were widely sung by local people, which aroused Song Taizong's suspicion.
Especially when Li Yu said to Xu Xuan, an old minister of Southern Tang Dynasty, "I regret killing Pan You and Li Ping", Song Taizong was suddenly killed. In the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978), Tanabata night was also Li Yu's forty-second birthday. Li Yu wrote a famous sentence "Yu Meiren": "When will the spring flowers and the autumn moon run out, how much is known about the past? The small building was easterly last night, so my country can't look back on the moon.
Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. How worried are you? Like a river flowing eastward. "Maybe the cowardly Li Yu wrote Young Beauty as always, but this is only to alleviate his worries, or it may be that Li Yu broke out in his heart after suffering humiliation, thinking of his country strongly and expressing his dissatisfaction with reality.
However, this word has brought fatal results to Li Yu. In the name of his birthday, Song Taizu sent his son Zhao Yuanzuo to give Li Yu poisoned wine containing pet medicine, and Li Yu died suddenly that night.
Southern Tang Dynasty, as a dynasty, was not significant in the imperial court of China for thousands of years. However, because of Li Yu, Southern Tang Dynasty is a dazzling pearl in historical records. Born in the royal family and raised in the hands of women, Li Yu is famous for his extraordinary artistic talent. Throughout his life, his tragedy is not only caused by his poor governance, but also by his fatal personality characteristics.
The brilliant Li Yu's generosity and cowardice may be a good scholar-bureaucrat or even a scholar and poet. However, his cowardice and suspicious personality led him to fail and die on the throne of the empire.
Extended data:
Li Yu's Political Initiative:
1, tribute to Song Ting
After Li Yu succeeded to the throne, he hoped to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty to preserve his inheritance. During his reign, he served the Song Dynasty diligently. In addition to paying tribute, whenever there was a war or a major event in the Song Dynasty, gifts were given to show support and congratulations, and envoys were sent many times to show their obedience.
In terms of etiquette, Li Yu continued to use the title of the Northern Song Dynasty after he ascended the throne. Every time he met the messenger of the Northern Song Dynasty, he changed his official clothes into purple robes (official clothes), which changed the old system of Li Jing's surrender. Except for the name of the emperor, other etiquette remained unchanged.
In the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), Li Yu ordered the Tang to be removed and renamed Jiangnan Master; The following year, he ordered to get rid of the relegation system and went to Song Ting for fame several times to show his respect for the Song Dynasty. ?
2. Appointment and removal of officials
At the beginning of Li Yu's accession to the throne, due to the defeat of Huainan and the death of Zhong You, there was an atmosphere of pessimism and depression in the ruling and opposition circles in the Southern Tang Dynasty. In order to revive people's hearts and establish prestige, Li Yu reused old ministers and stabilized the center of gravity of the top management. He was named "General Youwei" and "Rui Gong" because of his numerous military exploits, and died of illness. Li Yu ordered the abolition of the DPRK for three days to show his condolences.
Li Yu also treated Feng, who abandoned Yangzhou in the battle of Huainan, with courtesy. At the same time, Huangfu Jixun, the son of Huangfu Yun, who fled to the south of the Yangtze River in the era of Han Xizai, Fujian General Lin and Yang Wu, was activated.
In the imperial examination, Li Yu attached importance to the fairness and justice in selecting talents. In the second year of Gander (964), Li Yu ordered Han Xizai, assistant minister of the official department, to preside over the tribute and admitted nine people including Wang Jinshi Chonggu; He also ordered Xu Xuan to have a second interview and put forward the exam in person.
In February of the fifth year of Kaibao, Zhang Tuo, a folk historian, presided over the tribute of the Ministry of Rites and admitted three scholars, including Yang Sui. Zhang Yue, a bachelor of Qingyao Temple, said that Zhang Tuo missed a lot of talents, so Li Yu ordered Zhang Yue to make up the exams for the backward people, and admitted and others. Until February of the eighth year of Kaibao, the national subjugation of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu also held the last imperial examination in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and admitted 30 people including Jinshi Zhang Que.