"Pass the national seal" is based on "the jade of harmony". In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a Chu man, got a rough jade in the mountains and presented it to Li. The king made the jade worker realize that clouds are stones. When the king was angry, he dug out Bian He's left foot because he cheated the king. After King Wu ascended the throne, Bian He offered jade again, and still cut off his right foot for the crime of deceiving you. While King Wen acceded to the throne, Bian He sat at the foot of Jingshan with jade in her arms and cried. King Wen sent someone to inquire and said, "I'm not sad. I am sorry for Baoyu, but I am named after him. " King Wen ordered Liang to mow the grass, and the fruit was Baoyu, which was named Heshibi. When Wang Wei was king, the more meritorious Guo Xiang Zhaoyang was, the more he was given. Xuanzhaoyang was having a big banquet on the water bank when someone shouted, "There are big fish in the water!" " "They left the room and watched it from the depths, but when they returned to the table, Cui was gone. At that time, it was suspected that the master Zhang Yi had stolen it, so it was fruitless to arrest and torture it. Zhang Yi was humiliated and resentful. In a rage, she left Chu for Wei and then entered Qin. Empress Qin Huiwen was in office for ten years (365,438+05 BC), and was worshipped as a lobbyist for countries to unite with the State of Qin, and later joined Chu as an envoy to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance. After Wang was arrested, Ke Ying took all the places of Chu and Hanzhong, and finally got revenge.
Since then, it has been earned by the eunuch Ying Xian of Zhao, and it has been taken by King Zhao Huiwen as his own. Hearing this, the king of Qin said, "I wrote a suicide note to the king of Zhao, inviting Ebi in fifteen cities." At that time, both Zhao Wei and Zhao Wei were weak, and Zhao Wang was afraid of offering sacrifices to his city instead of offering sacrifices, and was in a dilemma. Lin Xiangru invited Feng Bi to come to Qin. After offering Bi, he saw that the king of Qin had no intention of paying for the city, so he fought for it. He would rather die than disgrace his mission, and threatened to lose Bi, which eventually led to the compromise of the king of Qin, and he was able to "all belong to Zhao".
In the 19th year of King Qin (228 BC), Qin defeated Zhao and won the He Shen. Ying Zheng was called the first emperor. Li Si's seal script was ordered to "live forever" and was polished and carved into seal script by Sun Shou, a jade worker in Xianyang. Adopt national decrees. According to legend, in the 28th year of King Qin (2 19 BC), Qin Shihuang crossed Dongting Lake by dragon boat, and the wind and waves suddenly broke out, and the dragon boat was about to capsize. Qin Shihuang hurriedly threw the imperial seal into the lake and prayed to the gods to calm the waves. The decree was lost. Eight years later, someone gave this national seal to Pingshu Road in Huayin. Naturally, it changed hands with the country for more than a dozen times and tasted the pain of rough displacement.
In the winter of the first year of Zi Ying, Qin Dynasty (207 BC), Pei Gong Liu Bangjun ascended the throne, and Zi Ying, the king of Qin, knelt down and presented a decree to the left of Xianyang Road, and Qin died. Liu Han won the national seal. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, consort Wang Mang usurped power. When the child was young, the seal was hidden in the Queen Mother of Changle Palace. Wang Mang sent his younger brother Wang Shun to ask for it. The queen mother was angry, scolded it, threw a seal on the ground and broke its corner. Wang Mang ordered craftsmen to make up for it with gold. The barbarian soldiers were defeated and died. The satrap Gong Bin handed the national seal to Wan and presented it to Mao. In the third year of Liu Xuan (AD 25), the Red Eyebrow Army killed Liu Xuan and established Liu Penzi. After Liu Pengzi defeated Yiyang, he handed the national seal to Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were authoritarian. In the sixth year of Xi Ping, Yuan Shao entered the palace to kill eunuchs, Duan Gui fled with the emperor, and the decree disappeared.
In Xian Di, Dong Zhuo made an insurrection. Sun Jian led an army into Luoyang. One morning, the soldiers saw colorful clouds in a well in Zhen Palace in the south of the city, so they sent people down to see a small box tied around the neck of the maid-in-waiting, who jumped into the well. The box contains the country's national seal. If Sun Jian got the treasure, he hid it with his wife Wu. After Yuan Shu arrested Wu and seized the seal. Yuan Shu died, and Xu Ying, the secretariat of Jingzhou, went to Xuchang with a seal, while Cao Cao took Xian Di and ordered him to be a vassal. At this point, the national seal was returned to the Han Dynasty.
In the first year of Han Yankang (AD 220), he was forced to "abdicate" and Cao Pi built Wei and changed it. It is to let people engrave "David was handed the official seal by the Han Dynasty" on the shoulder of the official seal to prove that it is not "usurping the Han Dynasty", but actually shattered glass. In the second year of Cao Huan, Emperor of Wei Yuan (AD 265), he followed suit, calling himself Emperor Wu of Jin, and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Taishi, and the national seal was passed to Jin. In the fifth year of Jin Yongjia (AD 3 1 1), Liu Cong, a former Zhao, captured Sima Chi, the Emperor of Jin Huai, and returned the national seal to the former Zhao. Nineteen years later, the post-Zhao destroyed the former Zhao and won the national seal. What is even more ingenious is the inscription "Destiny Stone" on the right. After another 20 years, it spread to Wei Ran, and later Wei Ran begged the rescue of the Eastern Jin army. The official seal was deceived by the generals of the Jin army and sent to the capital Jiankang (now Nanjing) overnight with 300 elite riders. As a result, the official seal was returned to the Sima family of the rulers.
During the Southern Dynasties, the national seal was replaced by Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. Sui unified China and returned the national seal to Sui Palace. In March of the 14th year of Daye (AD 6 18), Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di was killed in Jiangdu (now Yangzhou) and died in the Sui Dynasty. After Xiao, Prince Yuan De and the official seal fled to Mobei Turkic.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, consoled himself by carving several jade seals such as "Dingbao" and "Dingbao".
In the fourth year of Zhenguan (AD 630), Li Jing led an army to crusade against the Turks. In the same year, Xiao Hou and Prince Yuan De returned to the Central Plains, and the national seal was given to Li Tang, which was a great joy to Emperor Taizong.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the fourth year of Tang Tianyou (AD 907), Zhu Quanzhong abolished Tang Aidi, seized the national seal and built a back beam. Sixteen years later, Li destroyed the back beam, built the later Tang Dynasty and passed the national seal to the later Tang Dynasty. Thirteen years later, Shi Jingtang led the Qidan army to Luoyang, and the last emperor Li Congke set himself on fire in Xuanwu Building with the national seal, which disappeared.
Guo Weishi, the late Zhou Taizu, tried to spread the national seal all over the world, but in desperation, he could only carve two seals, such as "Dibao", and spread it to the Northern Song Dynasty. In the north of Song Zhezong, a farmer named Duan Yi discovered the national seal while plowing the land and sent it to the imperial court. According to the records of the previous dynasty, the 13th University found that it was the official seal made by the first emperor. And people of insight in the ruling and opposition parties all doubt their falsity. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Hui Zong was personable and added ten seals. At that time, he was ridiculed for gilding the lily. In fact, Hui Zong seems to have played down the status of the national seal.
In the first year of Song Jingkang (A.D. 1 126), the nomads from the capital of song dynasty attacked the capital of song dynasty, and Emperor Hui and Qin were captured, while "Guo Chuan Xi" was captured by the state of Da Jin, and then disappeared.
In the 31st year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1294), the ancestor Kublai Khan collapsed. "Guo Chuan Yu Xi" suddenly appeared in Dadu, peddled in the city, and was ordered to buy by the powerful minister Bo Yan. Bo Yan once polished all the seals collected in the Yuan Dynasty and distributed them to princes and ministers for engraving private seals. I'm afraid of being involved when I pass on national laws.
In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1368), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang, renamed Daming, and renamed Hongwu in Yuan Dynasty. Then the Northern Expedition, the Yuan Dynasty abandoned the Central Plains and went to Mobei, continuing to gallop in northern Wan Li. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Maoist Xu went to Mobei to hunt down Yuan's remnants, the main purpose of which was to obtain the imperial seal, but it failed in the end.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a clamor for "state decrees", but they were all copied. For example, during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty, someone once presented the so-called "jade seal", which was considered as a fake by Emperor Xiaozong and was not used. By the early years of the Qing Dynasty, there were thirty-nine imperial seals in the Forbidden City, one of which was called the "National Seal". When Qianlong was in Gaozong, it was easy to verify, and it must be a fake. However, there is no problem of taking falsehood seriously and mending it after it is too late.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the Qing court abdicated, but according to preferential conditions, it still occupied the Forbidden City, and was called a loner. It was not until the thirteenth year of the Republic of China (AD 1924) 1 1 that the last emperor Puyi was expelled from the palace by Feng Yuxiang, and this "imperial decree" disappeared again. At that time, Lu and others, the general of Feng Department, had recourse to this gold-inlaid decree, and there is still no following.