He founded calculus, which provided a powerful mathematical tool for modern natural science research and the development of engineering technology.
He decomposed white light, discovered the secret of light color, and proved that white light contains all the light colors of the spectrum, and each light has its own refractive index when it passes through the prism. He also invented the reflective telescope, which greatly broadened the vision of human beings to understand nature and observe the phenomena of the universe.
He summed up three basic laws of mechanical motion and established a classical mechanical system, which laid a theoretical foundation for solving many mechanical motion problems.
He discovered the law of universal gravitation, established the theoretical system of celestial mechanics, unified the world in heaven and the world on earth, and greatly deepened human understanding of the universe.