Chapter 38 of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms says: "... if there are advantages and benefits on the other side of the Yangtze River, rock resistance should be guaranteed. West and Zhurong, south against foreign and Yue, external relations with Sun Quan, internal political management; In Shiyi, a general will be ordered to send Jingzhou soldiers to Wanluo ... "Who is the general guarding Jingzhou? The sixty-third time, "Zhuge Liang wept bitterly for Pang Tong, and Zhang Yi explained Yan Yan with righteousness" gave the answer. Liu Bei's book is intended to make Yun Changgong take on this important task. Zhuge Liang hopes that "Yun Chang wants to be sworn in Taoyuan, but he can try his best to protect this place, and the responsibility is not light ..." He also hopes that Guan Yu will "encourage him". This time, I went on to explain that Guan Yu did not refuse, but accepted the promise generously. Guan Yu took the seal delivered by Kong Ming with both hands. Kong Ming held the seal and said, "This matter is related to the general." Yun Chang said, "A gentleman never dies." Seeing that Yunshang said "death", Kong Ming was very unhappy. If you want to stay away, your words have already come out. Guan Yu's word "death" and Chapter 76 of Guan Yunchang defeated Maicheng are also a kind of "sowing every other year". Next, Kong Ming reiterated his winning strategy of "rejecting Cao Cao in the north and Sun Quan in the east" in Longzhong Dui. Zhuge Liang said, "What if Cao Cao leads the troops?" Yun Chang said, "Refuse it by force." Then Zhuge Liang said, "What if Cao Cao and Sun Quan come together?" Yun Chang said, "Divide our forces and refuse." Zhuge Liang said, "If so, Jingzhou will be in danger. I have eight words, and the general can remember Jingzhou. " Yun Chang asked, "Which eight words?" Kong Ming said that Cao Cao refused to the north and Sun Quan refused to the east. "YunChang said," what the strategist said should be from the heart. "
Guan Yu, relying on himself, Liu Bei and Zhang Fei as Taoyuan brothers, not only dared to let Cao Cao go in Huarong Road (in fact, he enjoyed the privilege of being exempted from military punishment), but also dared to violate the eight-character policy of "rejecting Cao Cao in the north and Sun Quan in the east" repeatedly told by Kong Ming in the action of being stationed in Jingzhou (ignoring Kong Ming's advice). The so-called "peace of mind" is just a perfunctory word.
The following analysis of Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou and his defeat of Maicheng, and make relevant analysis:
First, it violates Kong Ming's eight-character winning policy of "rejecting Cao Cao in the north and Sun Quan in the east"
Seventy-three times "Liu Bei held the king of Hanzhong. When Yunchang attacked Xiangyang County, Sun Quan sent Zhu Gejin to Jingzhou to propose to Guan Yu. Sun Quan's son wanted to marry Guan Yu's daughter. If Sun Quan and Guan Yu become friends in Qin Jin, Wu Shu can still refuse Cao. Liu Bei went to Soochow to marry Sun Quan's sister Sun Shangxiang, and gained a lot of political benefits. Shouldn't Guan Yu imitate Liu Bei? However, Guan Yu flew into a rage and declared, "My tiger girl is willing to marry! In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian also recorded this matter: "The right to taste the child is faint in the feather, and the feather scolds it, and it is not allowed to faint; On the right is anger. "In this case, Guan Yu pushed the Dongwu side, which was supposed to be a friend, in front of the enemy Cao Cao. Wu Dong discussed the strategy of taking Jingzhou: let Cao Ren, who was stationed in Fancheng, Xiangyang, take Jingzhou by dry road first, Guan Yu chose Jingzhou's soldiers to take Fancheng, and Sun Quan sent a general (that is, Lv Meng) to secretly take Jingzhou. Dongwu's wishful thinking is to use Cao Cao to transfer the tiger on the mountain and monopolize the tiger's den. As expected, Cao Cao sent Pang Man to Fancheng to help Coss and attack Jingzhou. At the same time, he rushed to Wu Dong, where he led the troops in a water battle (actually trapped by Wu Dong). Guan Yu, the "tiger", was indeed transferred from Jingzhou and got into the chimney set by Soochow. Monroe of Soochow took advantage of Jingzhou's emptiness and won a great victory.
Kong Ming's winning strategy of "rejecting Cao Cao in the north and Sun Quan in the east" accords with the objective reality of political struggle at that time and the correct view of materialism. Guan Yu was attacked from both sides and forced his friends to be enemies, which violated the objective reality of political struggle at that time and was a subjective idealism prejudice. Guan Yu was actually harmed by his own subjective idealism. It can be said that Kong Ming has the vision of a politician, who can be far-sighted and predict the future; Guan Yu is just a warrior with no politician's vision, short vision and simple mind.
Naturally, Guan Yu lived in an era when there was no Marxist-Leninist ideological line of seeking truth from facts. We are dialectical materialists and historical materialists, and we will never demand such ancients as Guan Yu. But Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu are contemporaries, but Zhuge Liang is much more realistic than Guan Yu. It shows that the ancients also had the problem of seeking truth from facts.
Mao Zedong said in "Strategic Issues of China Revolutionary War": "Everyone knows that no matter what you do, you can't do it well if you don't know its situation, its nature and its relationship with other things. You can't know its laws, and you can't know how to do it. " Mao Zedong also said something similar to the previous paragraph in On Practice: "If people want to win their jobs and get the expected results, they must make their thoughts conform to the laws of the objective outside world. If they don't do this, they will fail in practice. " Deng Xiaoping also said: "To make thoughts consistent with reality, subjectivity and objectivity is to seek truth from facts." Zhuge Liang understood the essence of "defending Jingzhou with Wu against Cao" and the relationship between "resisting Cao" and "uniting with Wu". Zhuge Liang's thought is consistent with the objective reality of "protecting Jingzhou". If Zhuge Liang is allowed to defend Jingzhou, or Guan Yu defends Jingzhou according to Zhuge Liang's policy of "resisting Cao Lianwu", Jingzhou will be conservative; Guan Yu did not obey Zhuge Liang's policy of "resisting Cao Lian Wu" and did not really understand the essence of "resisting Cao Lian Wu to protect Jingzhou". Without understanding the relationship between "resisting Cao" and "uniting with Wu", Guan Yu's thought did not conform to the objective reality of "defending Jingzhou", which naturally led to the loss of Jingzhou and the defeat of Maicheng, and finally lost his mind in the chaos.
2. "Pride goes before a fall" is the key for Guan Yu to lose Jingzhou and Maicheng.
When Guan Yu defeated Maicheng and was beheaded by Sun Quan, he finally attached two hymns. Among them, "only the end of the Han Dynasty is invincible, the clouds are outstanding" and "the wind and thunder are unparalleled, and the sun and the moon have light" is obviously flattering. Indeed, Guan Yu's image has been eclipsed by "arrogance and ignorance".
Guan Yu is a human being, not a god. Guan Yu also made the mistake that ordinary people easily make: "Pride makes the brain faint". "Pride makes you dizzy" is indeed the key for Guan Yu to lose Jingzhou and defeat Maicheng.
"The Art of War Will Lose" said: "Will lose: ... arrogant for two days, ... losing more, losing more." It means: "The defect of the general's quality, … is followed by arrogance. … The greater the defect of the general's quality, the greater the possibility of failure."
When Guan Yu chopped Hua Xiong with warm wine, he was only a horse archer under Liu Bei, then a county magistrate. After beheading Hua Xiong, Yan Liang and Wen Chou, Guan Yu's arrogance increased day by day, and finally he developed into a field that made him dizzy. In a sense, it is the word "arrogance" that hurts Guan Yu. Since Guan Yu became a general in the army, he has often used "death as a pet phrase to show off." Don't you know that Sun Tzu's Art of War "Wei Liaozi" has long said: "On the day of being ordered, you will forget your family, and Zhang Jun will forget his relatives and give him a robe." It means: "When the general was ordered to go out to war, he forgot his family; When leading the army to the battlefield, they forgot their loved ones; I forgot my own safety when I was in command. " Guan Yu is not the only one who realizes that "sacrifice is the first duty of a soldier", so are all soldiers. Hua Xiong, Yan Liang, Wen Chou, the six generals who were held in the five passes, and Cai Yang who was hunted by the ancient city was an exception?
Guan Yu often boasts: "I am in the midst of a thousand guns and a thousand blades. When I attack, riding on a horse is like entering no one's land." "Taking the head of a general is like taking something out of a bag." The admiration and praise of others further contributed to Guan Yu's pride. For example, after Guan Yu killed Hua Xiong with warm wine, Cao Cao strongly advocated that "those who get merit should be rewarded", and Yuan Shu's behind-the-scenes "makes people drink wine to comfort", and later generations have a poem praising: "Wei Zhen gan Kun made the first contribution, and Yuan Men painted drums in winter and winter. Yun Chang stopped giving gifts to heroes, and the wine was still warm, and Hua Xiong was killed. " The ancients said, "Liu, Guan and Zhang fought with Lu Bu." Guan Yunchang became angry before the battle started. Qinglong Baodao can frost and snow, and parrot shirts can fly butterflies. Horseshoe ghosts cry everywhere, and now anger should bleed. ..... "Of course, although the two poems quoted above were written by later generations or ancients, or by Luo Guanzhong, the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, they also reflected the admiration and praise of others in Guan Yu's era.
Guan Yu always said, "Are you worried about rats in Jiangdong?" As recorded in "A Mirror of Mutual Learning", "Lu Xun said: Feather is proud of its Xiao Qi, while Mausoleum is proud of burying people, and it has made great achievements, pride and ambition ..." This passage tells the truth that "at the beginning of career" means "hubris and ambition", and "hubris and ambition" means "at the beginning of career". In Chapter 75 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Guan Yunchang curetted bones to cure poison, and Lv Ziming crossed the river in white", there is also a passage by Lu Xun: "Yun Chang leans on heroes and knows that he is invincible. Only the general (Monroe) cares. The general took this opportunity to resign under the pretext of illness, let others take over Lu Kou's position, let others praise Guan Gong with humble words, so as to be proud of his heart, and he will do his best to withdraw troops from Jingzhou, so as to pay tribute to Fan Cheng. If Jingzhou is unprepared and uses a brigade, if it is unexpected, Jingzhou is in control. " Sun Quan and Lv Meng accepted Lu Xun's suggestion. Lv Meng pretended to be ill and wrote to resign. Today, Sun Quan worships Lu as a partial general and a right general, and guards Lu Kou on behalf of Lu Meng. Guan Yu's arrogance is higher. Guan Yu believes that "Zhong is short-sighted and uses this boy as a general!" In order to make Guan Yu "arrogant", Lu Xun wrote a book for Guan Yu. In the book, he is extremely humble, but he highly praises Guan Yu. He also sent a gift to Guan Yu, which achieved the goal of "being proud" and made the guards along the river never get angry at the beacon tower again, because Guan Yu was "unintentionally worried about Jiangdong". Mao Zedong said in "On Chongqing Negotiations": "Things in the world are complicated and determined by various factors. Look at the problem in all directions, not just one side. " Guan Yu only saw from one side that he had unstoppable courage. Now Wu Dong has bowed to his knees (actually an illusion), but he can't see Lu Xun, a nobody in Wu Dong. Why just look at all aspects unilaterally? This is the "pride goes before a fall" at work. Arrogance rises to the extreme, and wisdom can only fall to the extreme. Guan Yu's arrogance is also manifested in his contempt for Huang Zhong, who is not qualified to be one of the "Five Tiger Generals". Guan Yu said, "What kind of person is Huang Zhong who dares to come to me? A gentleman will never associate with an old pawn! " Even the seal of "five tigers and generals" is not accepted. After some persuasion, he realized that "some things are unknown" and accepted the seal. This shows that being locked in his camp still inhibits his pride in the face of truth.
Guan Ping, Guan Yu's adopted son, heard that he had attacked Jingzhou and said, "This is untrue. If you talk again, the sergeant will cut it. " This shows that the commander of Guan Yu's side knew nothing about Wu Dong's behavior and held a "denial" attitude. Guan Ping and Liao Hua fought to the death. When they returned to Dazhai, they came to see Guan Yu and said, "Many people say that Jingzhou has been captured by Monroe." Guan Yu, who only looks at many aspects unilaterally, is still dreaming. Guan Yu said, "This enemy is spreading rumors to confuse our army! Monroe of Soochow is dying, and the obedient son Lu Xun will take his place, don't worry! " Guan Yu still "denies" the loss of Jingzhou. Guan Yu is a typical example of blind self-confidence and closing his eyes. Until the meteor horse, the detective horse and the grain pusher came back from Jingzhou, they reported that "Jingzhou had been captured by Monroe and their families were trapped" and that "Fu Shiren and the police went to Nanjun to kill their mission and recruit Mi Fang to Wu Dong." Guan Yucai woke up from the dream of "nothing happened" and suddenly felt that the sky was falling, the air was blocked, the wound was cracked and he was unconscious. The end of the hero, the defeat of Maicheng, and the fall of the head are all the results of Guan Yu's "arrogance and ignorance."
[Tang] Yu Zhigu's Old Story of Zhu Gong records the following historical facts: "When you meet the right, you will know that you are lonely and poor, but you will go to Maicheng. Chasing troops around the city, feather false drop, flag on the city, like a human figure, because of escape. Everyone is resigned to their fate. Right to make Zhu Ben, Pan Zhang broken its way. Feathers are all available, and they live in the forest. "
Chapter 76 of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the battle of Xu Mianshui and the defeat of Maicheng as follows: When he was young, Ma Zhong surrounded Guan Yu, and Sun Quan said, "I have long admired the virtue of generals and wanted to please Qin Jin. Why not abandon it?" Fairness used to think that the world was invincible. Why was it captured by me today? Does the general still work for Sun Quan today? "Guan Yu not only refused to accept Sun Quan, but also gritted his teeth and died. Not only did he not seriously sum up his profound lesson that "pride goes before a fall", but he also used the word "fake trick" to prevaricate. Guan Yu snapped, "Blue eyes, purple moustache! I became sworn in with Liu Huangshu Taoyuan and vowed to help the Han family. How can I associate with your traitor? I was hit by mistake today, and I only have to die. Why say more! "Why can't Guan Yu catch Sun Quan with clever tricks? Is it the "spiritual victory law" in the ancient Three Kingdoms to call the winner Sun Quan a "rat"?
The result of arrogance is subjectivity, fantasy and failure. Mao Zedong said in "On Protracted War": "We are opposed to looking at problems subjectively. It is a person's idea, which is unfounded and does not conform to objective facts. This is a fantasy and a false fact. If you do it, you will fail, so you must oppose it. "
There is a folk song in Wu Dong called "A son is like a clock", which shows that people's evaluation of Sun Quan will never be worse than Guan Yu's.
Third, Guan Yu's camp is under siege, and his betrayal is one of the internal causes of Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou and defeat of Maicheng.
Guan Yu has always been rigorous in running the army, but he lacks flexibility. Zhuge Liang can still do his best, and he can forgive Guan Yu for letting Cao die privately, but Guan Yu is strict with the Ministry. [Tang] Yu Zhigu recorded the following in "Old Events": "At the beginning, a fire broke out in Nanjun City, which destroyed quite a lot of military equipment, and Fang was responsible for the feathers. After Yu retired again, Fang and Fang shared the military expenses equally, but not successively. Yu Yan should still be treated. Fang and Ren Xian were afraid of uneasiness and even fell. " Guan Yu doesn't know the heart of the enemy and me. Guan Yu doesn't understand psychological warfare at all.
Chapter 76 of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Xu's battle of Mianshui and the defeat of Maicheng, made a corresponding "romance" of the above historical facts. The messenger said, "The Guan Gong army is short of food and grass, so I've come to Nanjun and Gongan to get rice and stones. The two generals can deliver them before leaving the army at night. If you are late. " Mi Fang was frightened and went back to Fu Shiren and said, "Jingzhou has been captured by Wu Dong. How does this food pass? " Fu Shiren snapped back: "Don't doubt it!" So he drew his sword and cut off its head in class. Mi Fang was frightened and said, "How can you cut it?" Fu Shiren said, "Guan Yu wants to behead both of us. I'm waiting for anke to die? If you don't surrender to Wu Dong earlier today, you will be killed by Guan Gong. "
Guan Yu ordered "such as late chop." The canteen can't cross Jingzhou. It is better to surrender to Wu Dong than to be beheaded by Guan Yu. Guan Yu's Ministry, Mi Fang and Fu Shiren, were forced to cede the police and the Confederate army to Wu Dong. Whether losing Jingzhou or handing Mi Fang and Fu Shiren over to the police and Nanjun, Guan Yu refused to admit it.
Guan Yu didn't listen to Wang Fu's correct opinion and thought that Zhao Lei had helped Jingzhou, Governor Mi Fang and Fu Shiren. The headstrong Guan Yu didn't tell Wang Fu until he lost Maicheng: "I regret not saying anything!" It's too late to regret.
In Chapter 76 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the battle between Xu and Mianshui was defeated by Maicheng, which made a "Romance" in which "all men fell because of feathers". Lv Meng personally escorted the emissary out of the city, and the emissary returned to Guan Yu and said, "In Jingzhou City, the prince and their families are all very well and there is no shortage of materials." Guan Yu was furious and said, "What a traitor's plan! I can't kill this thief in my life, but I will kill him if I die. I hate him with snow! " Here, Guan Yu's "death must be killed" and the following plot "Guan Yu's soul attached to Monroe after being beheaded, and after Guan Yu's soul scolded Sun Quan through Monroe's mouth, Monroe fell to the ground and bled to death" have been taken care of. The seventy-sixth time continued to describe: the messenger sent the letter to the general, and everyone would be happy and unwilling to fight. Jiang Qin, Ding Feng and Xu Sheng surrounded Guan Yu at the core. Guan Yu's soldiers gradually disappeared. At dusk, Guan Yu looked at the mountains around him. They were all Jingzhou soldiers, calling for brothers, looking for sons and looking for masters, shouting endlessly. As soon as the morale of the army changed, everyone left. Guan Yu couldn't stop drinking, and there were only more than 300 people in the Ministry. When I stepped onto the path from Maicheng to Xichuan, there were only a dozen people left. Wang Fu advised Guan Yu to "take the road instead of the path". Guan Yu insisted on not following, stubbornly saying, "Although there is an ambush, why should I be afraid!" At the last long hook, Guan Yu sat down and tripped, and then Guan Yu fell off his horse and was captured.
We are too lazy to compare the scene of Guan Yu's Jingzhou soldiers' "great change in morale" with that of Xiang Yu's "besieged on all sides". According to Records of Historical Records of Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, was besieged by Liu Bang. "I heard that the Han army was under siege at night, and Xiang Yu was frightened. He said,' Did Han get Chu? He Chu has so many people!' "A A Xiang, a guan yu, finally trapped in isolation, surrounded by the situation, how similar! A A Xiang and a Guan Yu don't understand politics, policies and strategies. They all wanted to defeat the enemy with the courage of "great strength as a mountain", but in the end they either drew their swords on the Wujiang River or were beheaded in Lin Ju. How similar they are.
Therefore, Guan Yu's camp is under siege, and his betrayal is one of the internal causes of Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou and his defeat of Maicheng.
Fourthly, the secret of Soochow Sun Quan, Lu Meng and Lu Xun's strategy of seizing Jingzhou is one of the external causes of Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou and Maicheng.
Guan Yu flooded the seventh army and was captured alive. The military situation was very favorable to Guan Yu, which means that Guan Yu was in an advantage at that time.
The biography of the reflection of Wei Zhi in the Forbidden City said: "In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Mao (Cao Cao) ... banned benevolence. It rained heavily in autumn, the Hanshui River flooded, and the ground accumulated dozens of feet of water, so it was forbidden to wait for the Seventh Army (that is, Guan Yuyan's Seventh Army). It is forbidden to climb mountains and watch the water with all generals, and there is nothing to avoid. Take a big ship, attack and ban, etc., and ban landing. "
Deng Xiaoping once said, "Seek truth from facts and proceed from reality. ..... "Sun Quan, Lu Meng, Lu Xun and others in Soochow adopted the strategy of proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts, and finally won the victory in Jingzhou.
The following excerpts are from the relevant historical facts recorded in Zhu Gong's Old Stories by Yu Zhigu in the Tang Dynasty:
"Guan Yu Jian' an took Liu Bei's life in Jiangling Town in nineteen years. In twenty-four years, Cao Cao sent Cao Ren to ban him from saving. Yu Sheng Lu banned thirty thousand from riding into Jiangling, but the city was not pulled out.
When Monroe was in Lukou. At the beginning, Fan was allowed to stay in the army and prepare for the police and Nanjun. I wrote a letter to Yu Quan and said,' If I ask Fan for more troops, I will be afraid of being deceived by my plan. Mongolia is often sick, begging for attention and establishing a career in the name of treating diseases. Yu Wen will withdraw his troops and go to Xiangyang. If you follow its emptiness, the south county can be lowered and the feathers can be captured. "Right from it, withdraw to the fan.
When I arrived in Xunyang, I fell on the wheel of a boat. Make people in white paddle, make business clothes, walk day and night, wait by the river where feathers are released, and bind them. So, I don't know, I sent it to Nanjun. Sergeant Ren was ordered to confess when the police refused to be punctual. Rende turned over the book and shed tears. Meng Sui sent anyone to Nanjun. The magistrate of Mifang was the city guard, so he showed goodwill and surrendered. ……"
Combining the above historical facts with the "Romance" plot of "Guan Yunchang scraping bones to cure poison, Lv Ziming crossing the river in white" in the seventy-fifth Romance of the Three Kingdoms, we can summarize the winning strategies of Sun Quan, Lu Meng and Lu Xun in Wu Dong as follows:
First, Lumen pretended to be ill and resigned. But with Lu Xun, an unknown Confucian scholar, as the general. Lu Xun sent a letter to Guan Yu as a gift. He was so humble and proud of Guan Yu that Guan Yu no longer worried about Wu Dong. He not only grasped Guan Yu's weakness, but also "added fuel to the fire" to Guan Yu's weakness of "arrogance". In fact, Wu Dong led Guan Yu by the nose, and Guan Yu became a loser in Wu Dong when his blind arrogance was most satisfied.
Second, the Soochow side has strict military discipline and has not committed any crimes that endanger the people of Jingzhou. Won the hearts of Jingzhou people. [Tang] Yu Zhigu's Old Story of Zhu Gong records the following historical facts: "Monroe entered Jiangling City, snatched the feathers and fought for her family. I was comforted by everyone and ordered the army not to learn from others and ask for anything. The monk's subordinate, Runan, took a hat from the people's home and put it on the official armor. Meng said,' Although the official armor is a public instrument, it is still considered a violation of military orders, and it is not allowed to abolish the law in the countryside.' Then cut with tears. So the army trembled and the road was not answered. Meng Dan's emissary approached to take care of the elderly, asked about the shortage, gave medicine to the sick, and gave clothes and food to the hungry and cold. All the places where the feather family hid the treasure were closed in case of seizing power.
Feather also, on the way, sent someone to inquire, cordially met his emissary, traveled around the world, asked for advice from every family, or wrote letters in calligraphy. Feather people are still privately involved in the inquiry, knowing that their families are safe and sound, and seeing that they are too ordinary, so feather people have no heart to fight. "
Lv Meng even took a folk bamboo hat to cover Gongjia for fear that the rain would wet Gongjia. He is not a private comrade-in-arms, but also a show, which shocked the three armed forces. "Crying and burying" means that this person's head is used to enforce military discipline, just emotional sympathy. Pacify Jingzhou people with food, clothing and medicine, and truly make mistakes in autumn. The people, soldiers and family members of Jingzhou all think that Soochow is better than Guan Yu in governing Jingzhou. The disciplined Wu Dong army not only won the hearts of Jingzhou people, but also shocked the hearts of soldiers Guan Yu. Sun Quan, Lu Meng, Lu Xun, etc. Wu Dong has won a complete victory not only militarily but also politically.
Third, Sun Quan, Lu Meng and Lu Xun of Soochow are good at analyzing contradictions and making use of them, and they will never attack from all sides. After Wu Dongjun captured Jingzhou, he immediately released Cao Cao's generals captured by Guan Yu and imprisoned in Jingzhou back to Cao Ying, which temporarily resolved the opposition between Wu and Wei. When Guan Yu refused to make friends with Sun Quan, although he knew that Cao Cao had sent messengers to make Dongwu invade and swallow Shu, he deserved it, but he still sent messengers to Xudu to see Cao Cao. Cao Cao sent messengers back first, and at the same time negotiated to mobilize troops, and at the same time made the troops meet by water to take Jingzhou. Soochow does not think that Shu Wei is a monolithic entity. Instead, Shu Wei was divided and disintegrated, and all available forces were used to attack the main enemies, and then they were defeated one by one.
Fourth, Sun Quan, Lu Meng, Lu Xun, etc. Wu Dong is good at letting Cao Cao move the tiger on the mountain, avoiding the reality by himself, and taking advantage of the loophole formed by the struggle between the two enemies. It can also be said that the snipe and the clam compete, and the fisherman gains.
Based on the above four points, we can draw a conclusion that the ingenious strategy of Sun Quan, Lu Meng and Lu Xun of Soochow is one of the external reasons for Guan Yu's tragic loss of Jingzhou and his defeat in Maicheng.
Fifth, the relationship between Guan Yu's culture and Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou and Maicheng.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms seventy-seven times "Duke Guan of Yuquan Mountain appeared as a saint. In Luoyang city, Cao Cao felt the spirit, and Guan Yu had the corresponding "romance". Putin, an old monk from Yuquan Mountain in Dangyang, Jingmen, was sitting quietly in the buddhist nun. Suddenly someone in the air shouted, "Give me my head back!" Putin looked into the air and saw the ghost of Guan Yu appear in the air, pressing the cloud head to the top of Yuquan Mountain. Putin said to Guan Yu's ghost: "The past is not what it is today, everything has passed;" "Because of the consequences, we are not happy with each other. Today, the general was harmed by Lv Meng and shouted for my head back. However, who will Yan Liang, Wen Chou, five customs and six turn to for help? " So Guan Yu suddenly realized, kotow converted and left. After Guan Yu, the spirit of heaven often appeared in Yuquan Mountain to protect the people. The people were grateful, so they built a temple on the top of the mountain and offered sacrifices at four o'clock. There is a huge vertical stone diagonally opposite the Pearl Spring in Yuquan Mountain, which is engraved with the words "Guan Yu's epiphany". Unfortunately, there is no guide or commentator to explain, and the story of Guan Yu's epiphany is not engraved. Visitors can only silently walk through the huge vertical stone "Guan Yu's epiphany" in a deserted way. This shows that the so-called "listening but not seeing" culture of the Three Kingdoms needs to be vigorously promoted. Guan Yu's Awakening Land not only has the story described in Chapter 77 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but also lies in the beautiful Yuquan Mountain. It is beautiful and pleasant to hear, but it is hidden in a deserted place, and important tourism resources have not been taken seriously, let alone developed. Maicheng in Dangyang is also a very important part of Guan Yu's culture, and the tourist attractions of Maicheng need to be further developed, so that Guan can lose Maicheng sculpture and let tourists see and hear it.
Trunk burial and crown burial of Guan Yu in Jingzhou, Soochow. The head of Guan Yu outside the south gate of Luoyang is equipped with a tomb with Daphne as the main body, which is also an important part of Guan Yu culture. The large temples in the old south gate of Jingzhou-Guandi Temple, Yuquan Guandi Temple in Dangyang and Guandi Temple in other places are also to commemorate Guan Yu who lost Jingzhou, Maicheng and was beheaded and refused to surrender. It can be said that Guan Yu culture is everywhere.
For the first time, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms hosted a banquet for heroes in Taoyuan, and made the first contribution by cutting the yellow scarf. It described the story of Liu, Guan and Zhang in Taoyuan: The next day, they prepared to offer sacrifices to black cows and white horses in Taoyuan, and they burned incense and worshipped again, vowing: "If we become sworn brothers with Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, we will make concerted efforts to help the poor and serve the country." After heaven and earth, I will take this heart as a mirror, be ungrateful and kill heaven and man together! "After the oath, Liu Bei was sworn as a younger brother, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were younger brothers.
Liu, Guan and Zhang can never be born on the same day in the same year. "But died in the same year, the same month and the same day" is like three chains that are both fateful and artificial. As long as one of the three people dies first, the other two will be buried with the person who died first, otherwise they will violate the oath and be punished by "the slaughter of heaven and man" Although the sentence "I only want to die on the same day in the same year" contains the positive significance of "sharing weal and woe" and "three people are United as one", since Guan Yu left Maicheng and was beheaded by Soochow, Liu, Guan and Zhang have successively carried out the above oath, which is narrower than the frog in the well. Why do three people have to die together? After Liu and Zhang revenged for Guan, couldn't they continue to live and do more important things? If there were no vows made by Taoyuan Sanjie to "die on the same day in the same year, the same month and the same day", perhaps there would be no disasters among Liu, Guan and Zhang. Maybe we can adopt the calm strategy of "revenge for a gentleman, ten years is not too late", or maybe we can adopt the strategy of "serving my salary and tasting my courage" by Gou Jian, the king of Yue, otherwise Zhang Da would not have cut off Zhang Fei's head and Liu Bei's landing. Guan Yu was beheaded after the tragic loss of Jingzhou and the defeat of Maicheng, which had a negative chain reaction to Liu, Guan and Zhang's oath of "only dying on the same day in the same year." Of course, such a negative chain reaction is also related to Guan Yu culture.
Sixth, the enlightenment of Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou and Maicheng to contemporary people.
Deng Xiaoping said that China's economic opening policy should be viewed from a political perspective. Deng Xiaoping said: "Economic work is the biggest political issue at present, and economic issues are overwhelming political issues." According to Deng Xiaoping Theory's analysis, economic work is not only economic work, but also a very important part of politics. We should stand at the height of politics and concentrate on developing the economy. Guan Yu, on the other hand, only paid attention to military struggle, ignoring politics, policies and strategies, and even openly violated Zhuge Liang's correct policy of "resisting Cao Lian Wu", and eventually failed and suffered consequences.
Deng Xiaoping developed Mao Zedong's "flexible strategy and tactics" to the extreme and put forward the principle of "one country, two systems" to unify the motherland. With the return of Hongkong and Macau, Taiwan Province Province will be peacefully reunified with the mainland of China. For Nansha Islands and Diaoyu Islands, which have sovereignty disputes with neighboring countries, the idea of putting aside sovereignty disputes for the time being and jointly developing resources first will definitely work in practice. But Guan Yu will come to you and be willing to form a good United front object with him. Sun Quan kicked off his old enemy Cao Wei and tried to win the world with his "overwhelming courage", which ended in tragedy.
Jingzhou returned to the people on1July, 949 15. Today, of course, there is no problem that Guan Yu lost Jingzhou and defeated Maicheng in those days, but there is a problem that he seized the opportunity of Jingzhou's economic development today or lost it today. This problem is more serious than what Guan Yu encountered in those years. We should learn from the profound lessons that Guan Yu lost Jingzhou and defeated Maicheng, implement the strategic policy of the CPC Central Committee's reform and opening up, and look at Jingzhou's economic development from a political perspective. We should also talk about policies and strategies, introduce internal and external factors, and strive for more internal and external factors conducive to Jingzhou's economic construction and development. Of course, it is also an important measure to study Guan Yu culture from the viewpoint of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to develop Jingzhou economy. It is necessary to develop and build all the tourist attractions of the Three Kingdoms culture and Guan Yu culture, change people's prejudice that "the cultural attractions of the Three Kingdoms can't be smelled" and develop them with Jingzhou as the center.
"Multi-point Fast Tourism of Three Kingdoms Culture" can arrange scenic spots according to the story order of The Romance of Three Kingdoms, guide tourists to travel, and send experienced tour guides to explain to tourists; At the same time, guide tourists to visit related scenic spots. This is called "reading the Three Kingdoms and seeing the scenic spots in the Three Kingdoms". It is a good strategy to set up a stage with culture and sing opera with economy. Culture includes academic culture, tourism culture and so on. The academic activities of the Romance Society of the Three Kingdoms in Jingzhou will be more vigorous and fruitful. Jingzhou Romance Society will be expanded into a national society, and large-scale international academic seminars including many foreign scholars will be organized in due course. Jingzhou will better develop the beneficial and harmless smokeless industry-the cultural tourism of the Three Kingdoms. Whether it is academic culture or tourism culture, it will certainly make great contributions to the rapid development of Jingzhou economy today.
Deng Xiaoping clearly pointed out: "The most fundamental task in the socialist stage is to develop productive forces." Deng Xiaoping's "development is the last word" means "developing productive forces is the last word". We Jingzhou people should constantly create good results in "vigorously developing productive forces". We firmly believe that as long as we hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, adhere to the ideological line of "seeking truth from facts" and completely abandon Guan Yu's subjective idealism, we will certainly seize the great opportunity of Jingzhou's rapid economic development today.
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