First, Liu's ancestral home
1, the root of Liu.
Judging from the glyph structure, the word "Liu" is a pictophonetic character, which is "from gold, from knife and from sound". From the perspective of philology, among the three components that make up the word "Liu", "Mao" is the phonetic symbol of Liu, representing Liu's pronunciation; "Gold" and "knife" are the semantic symbols of Liuzi, representing the meaning of Liuzi. According to the law of etymology, we come to the conclusion that the original meaning of Liuzi is related to knife and metal. The original meaning of the word "Liu" refers to a kind of tomahawk. In China's earliest handed down document Shangshu, there are records about Liu's weapons. There is a saying in Shangshu Gu Ming that "one person holds Liu Guan and stands in the Eastern Tang Dynasty".
Why did our ancestors choose Liu's name as the symbol of their lineage? It turns out that the axe and the graupel once had an extremely great role and significance. According to the theory of cultural anthropology, human beings bid farewell to apes, and the important symbol of the evolution from animals to humans is that people can make tools. Axe hammer is one of the most primitive and oldest tools created by human beings. Liu Ye is one of the primitive axes (or, in a primitive clan, they call it Liu Axe).
Of course, the most primitive Liu (or the most primitive axe) is not made of metal, but of stone; They may be extremely rough and rough at first, not as sharp as the axes people see today. This can be seen from the archaeological discovery of a large number of stone axes used by primitive humans. However, in the childhood of human society, people rely on Liu, a rough and primitive stone tool, to cut thorns, cut down trees, reclaim wasteland and plant crops; It is also with this kind of stone tool that people can resist the attack of wild animals and kill prey. Later, Liu became an important weapon in the early wars of primitive humans. At this time, the axe was also called tomahawk because it was used in war, and Liu was a kind of tomahawk. Especially before human beings invented bows and spears, Liu was the most lethal weapon among human weapons. Liu is the most universal and basic tool for human existence, and also the tool for human civilization creation.
When tracing back to the origin of human history, China people often describe it this way: "Since Pangu started the world ...". The axe that Pangu used to create the universe and the world is Liu. You see, the original axe-Liu, how sacred and powerful!
China's primitive tribes spread from Central Asia to Kunlun Mountain, then separated from Tibet and Myanmar in Gansu, occupied the Wei Fen River basin eastward, and finally occupied the western part of North China Plain, making the local indigenous people (Mongols) submit. One of these Han ancestors lived in Liu Yi (now Tangxian County, Hebei Province). In the process of conquering nature and social experience, they fully realized the sacred function and great power of this tool, so they took Liulai as the totem of the clan and began to worship it. Over time, Liu Cheng, as a symbol of consanguinity that distinguishes this clan from other clans, is gradually recognized by other clans.
2. Yao Di's Miao nationality-the main source of Liu's surname.
At the end of Shennong (the capital of Huaiyang), a powerful Chinese tribe Shaodian (Bear) appeared in Xinzheng, Henan Province, and later moved westward to Tianshui, Gansu Province due to the Yellow River flood. At the same time, from Luoyang to Huashan today, there is a primitive Chinese tribe named Gao. In today's Weihe tributary south of Qishan, there is a primitive Chinese tribe named Niu. The You Niu family and the You Gao family got married and multiplied into the Yan Di tribe. A Xiong married Gao, and Huang Di was born in Jishui (Tianshui).
When the Yellow Emperor grew up, like his predecessor Fuxi, he was attracted by the fertile Central Plains, left his hometown, developed eastward, and arrived in today's huangling county. After that, it went south along Luoshui, crossed the Yellow River in Chaoyi, Dali County, and went north along Zhongtiao Mountain and the western foot of Taihang Mountain. Finally, he walked out of the mountains along the Sanggan River and settled in Zhuolu and Huailai Plain in northern Hebei Province. The grandson of Emperor Yandi VIII led Gonggong, marched eastward along the Weihe River in April, arrived in today's Shandong along the south bank of the Yellow River, and moved from Shandong to Hebei to meet the Huangdi tribe. In the Hanquan area in the lower reaches of Fenhe River, two related tribes fought fiercely for hegemony. Emperor Yan was defeated and surrendered to the Yellow Emperor. Based on these two tribes, many ancient Huaxia tribes in the west of North China Plain, the south of Fenhe Plain and the east of Weihe Plain gradually merged into Huaxia nationality.
At this time, Chiyou, the leader of Dongyi, who originally lived in Shandong, went west, and Kuafu, the leader of Sanmiao, who originally lived in Huainan, also went north to the Central Plains. Dongyi and Sanmiao formed an alliance, with Chiyou as the leader, to jointly deal with the Huaxia nationality. In 2700 BC, Huangdi, the leader of Huaxia nationality, defeated the Kuafu Chiyou Union Army in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province and killed it. Chiyou's men snatched Chiyou's body and secretly buried it in the western water slope of Puyang, which was called "Diqiu" in history. The remnants of the allied forces retreated to Jizhou, pursued by the Yellow Emperor, and Dongyi and Sanmiao (Jiulijia) fled across the river in haste. Sanmiao retreated to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the south, Dongyi retreated to Taishan in the east, and the Huaxia nationality occupied most of Henan, making Xinzheng its capital. Cang Xie, a historian of the Yellow Emperor, created Chinese characters after communicating with Dongyi culture. Later generations respected the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of mankind.
The Yellow Emperor had 25 sons and established 12 surnames. Among them, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, Lei Zu, gave birth to two sons: the eldest son, Xiao Xuan (Qingyang), who lived in Jiang Shui after enfeoffment; The second son Changyi was also enfeoffed and lived in Ruoshui. Changyi married the daughter of Shushan named Changfu and gave birth to Levin. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, grandson Levin succeeded to the throne, that is, Emperor Zhuan Xu.
Zhuan Xu was born in Huangdi Group and grew up in Dongyi, which is a symbol of the blending of the two groups. Shun, the descendant of Zhuan Xu, grew up with relatives in Dongyi and became the leader of Yu family. Zhuan Xu's son married in April, gave birth to Zhu Rong's family, and was sealed in Xinzheng, Henan; Hao Tao, the grandson of Zhuan Xu, lives in Taishan area, and Hao Tao and his son Boyi have successively become the leaders of Dongyi people. Zhuan Xu is the capital of Diqiu and was buried in Diqiu after his death.
After Zhuan Xu's death, his nephew Gao Xin (Xuantao's grandson) succeeded to the throne, namely Di Ku (Emperor). Our four wives gave birth to four sons: Chang Yi, the daughter of the Yi nationality, gave birth to wisdom, Qing, the daughter of Chen Feng, gave birth to Yao, Jiang Yuan, the daughter of the Yi nationality, gave birth to a foundling, and Ju Die, the daughter of the Yi nationality, gave birth to a contract. The branch was sent to Qufu, where it lived with the Yi people and accepted the culture of Tai Hao people (the nation was divided into two branches, the original branch developed into Huaxia people in Huaiyang, and the other branch moved eastward to Qufu to develop into Dongyi people), so it was called. Qi was sent to the east of Luanhe River to guard the frontier and rule the local Dongyi tribe-Youwa tribe. Give up the Yan Di tribe and send it to Wugong County, Shaanxi Province to defend the frontier and rule the local area.
In the era of Zhuan Xu, a woman in Taihang Mountain accidentally tripped over a stone and a drop of blood splashed on it. In a short time, the whole mountain turned red. Later, people called this mountain Dan Ling (Yiqi Mountain at the west of Shunping County 10 km), and scholars wrote it as Dan Ling. That drop of blood was conceived into a baby. When the baby cried for the first time, Chen (originally from Baoji, later moved to Huaiyang, Henan, and then moved to Baoding, Hebei) heard it, and Chen took it home to raise it and named it. At the age of thirteen, her adoptive mother Chen died, and she lived alone in a small house on the mountain. Qi Yi's eldest son and wife pitied her at the foot of the mountain and adopted her as their adopted daughter. My mother, also called Chen, was named the third princess and Hou. After getting pregnant, she returned to her mother's house and gave birth to Yao in Shen Jia. Yao follows his mother's surname Qi (). When Yao was young, he was famous for being good at making pottery among tribes far and near. Yao is tall, with a sallow face, colorful eyebrows, three eyes and extremely long hair.
Seeing that his son had a bright future, he was named Hou (Tang means big), and Yao was called "Tao Downs" from then on. The fief of the Tang Dynasty existed, so Yao became the head of the powerful Liu family. On the one hand, the former leader of the Liu family admired Yao's talent and was willing to give in; On the other hand, he had to give in to the majesty of the son of heaven. At the age of 20, Yao took over as the leader of the Central Plains Tribal Alliance. Yao has 10 sons, and the ninth son inherits Yuanming and Danzhu, and continues to live in.
After Yao proclaimed himself emperor, in order to rule the world and protect the capital from the threat of floods, he moved the capital from Diqiu to Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi), and Pingyang left many Yao sites. Most people in Yao's fiefs still live in their original places and did not follow Yao to the capital to be an official.
Yao ordered his courtiers Shi and He Shi to make calendars, and taught people how to produce festivals. In addition, Xi Zhong was ordered to live in Yuyi, greet the sunrise respectfully and make detailed arrangements for spring ploughing. He also ordered Uncle Xi to live in the southern suburbs and make detailed arrangements for summer farm work. He also ordered He Zhong to live in Xitu, respectfully send down the sun and arrange the autumn harvest step by step. He also ordered Uncle He to live in a secluded capital in the north and carefully arrange winter collection.
Later, when Yao was old, he thought that his son's virtue was that he could be the leader of the family, but not enough was the son of heaven. The minister from the four mountains of Emperor Yan recommended guns to him. Following the Yu Wang family, the Yan Di tribe evolved into three branches: Gonggong, April and Shi Qiang. Gong Gong, the co-owner of Jiang Rong in Kyushu, developed in the northeast of Henan and the south of Hebei, and once competed with Zhuan Xu for the emperor. Gong Gong's daughter married Zhuan Xu's son (Huangdi), gave birth to Gun (surnamed Dan), named Wenshan Stone New City (now Beichuan County, Sichuan Province), and married the daughter of Xin family, giving birth to Yu. Gun later moved eastward and returned to the Central Plains, where Yao made him a worshiper (Songshan Mountain). After the roll because of the failure of water control, lost the qualification to inherit the son of heaven.
Later, Yu Shun was recommended in April. Yu Shun is the son of a blind man. Although his father is ignorant, his mother is stubborn and his brother is arrogant, Shun can live in harmony with them, be filial to his parents and manage his family well, which shows that Yu Shun has extraordinary conduct. In order to examine Yu Shun's virtue, Yao married his two daughters and observed Yu Shun's virtue from them. Shun asked them to lower their bodies, live at home by the Gui River, and abide by the rules of being women. Yao thought it was a good thing to do so, so he asked Shun to try to take over Stuart's post and carefully straighten out the virtues of the five ethics, and the people followed suit. Yao also let Yu Shun participate in the affairs of officials, which is also methodical. He was also asked to receive guests at four gates in Tang Ming. The four doors are harmonious everywhere, and the guests from afar are respectful. Yao also sent Shun into the jungle, where the mountains were covered with grass. Shun was caught in a storm, but he didn't get lost. On the first day of the first month, Shun accepted Yao's abdication in the temple. Emperor Yao reigned for 98 years and died in Xinsi at the age of 1 18.
After Yao's death, after three years of mourning, Shun gave the throne to Danzhu and hid himself in the south bank of the South River. Tribal leaders who come to pilgrimage come to Danzhu without going to Danzhu, and those who go to court without going to Danzhu come to shun. Those who praise merit don't praise Dan Zhu for coming smoothly. Shun said, "This is God's will", and then went to Kyoto to regain the status of the son of heaven.
My surname is Liu, too, hehe. ''