The cause of disease
First, the pathogenic factors of congenital flatfoot are:
1. The accessory scaphoid and scaphoid tubercle of the foot are too large, and the attachment of the posterior tibial muscle is weak.
2. The metatarsal 1 is short, and other metatarsals bear too much gravity, resulting in flat arch.
3. Cartilage or fibrous joints between tarsal bones of the foot.
Second, the acquired pathogenic factors are:
1, standing on both feet with heavy load for a long time, gaining weight, being overtired after a long journey, maintaining soft tissues such as arch muscles, ligaments, joint capsules, aponeurosis, and flattening the arch.
2, long-term illness in bed, lack of exercise, muscle atrophy, weakened tension, arch subsidence when loading.
3. Inappropriate shoes, high heels, the center of gravity moved forward for a long time, the calcaneus tilted forward and downward, and the longitudinal arch of the foot was damaged.
4, foot bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, bone and joint tuberculosis.
5. Flat feet after polio.
pathological change
According to the pathological changes of soft tissue, flatfoot can be divided into the following two types:
1. Flexible flat feet: that is, postural flat feet. More common, although the soft tissue is loose, it still maintains a certain elasticity, and the foot is flat when loading. Can immediately return to normal without bearing gravity, and the long-term treatment effect is satisfactory.
2. Rigid flatfoot: namely spastic flatfoot. Most of them are caused by bone healing (including cartilage and fibrous healing), and the manipulation is not easy to correct. Often accompanied by peroneal muscle spasm. The metatarsal surface between the tarsal joints protrudes, the arch of the foot disappears, the calcaneus is everted, the bilateral achilles tendons are splayed, moving outward from the bone, subluxation, talus protruding inward, and sometimes accompanied by spasm of the peroneal long and short muscles and the third peroneal muscle. In severe cases, the talus is extremely drooping, the longitudinal axis is almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of tibia, and the scaphoid of foot is located on the talus. The front of the foot extends backward, and the skin outside the calf joint is slack, forming skin wrinkles on the outside of the foot.