Everyone knows that Jingdezhen’s ceramics are world-renowned and it is the place of official kilns in history. Jingdezhen is the porcelain capital of the world. Of course, Jingdezhen is also famous for many industries, and it is also an excellent tourist city in China. So Jingdezhen, which has many characteristics, how do they celebrate the Spring Festival, a traditional Chinese festival? What are their New Year customs?
People in Jingdezhen celebrate the Spring Festival, which is also called the Chinese New Year. Women and children all know this. In the traditional sense, the Spring Festival refers to the period from the December Festival on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, to the community sacrifices on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, to the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month being the climax.
Every household posted Spring Festival couplets to celebrate New Year's Eve reunions, bid farewell to the old year with the sound of firecrackers, and happily went to pay New Year's greetings. This is the "Quartet" of the Spring Festival, and the southeast, northwest and northwest are nothing more than this pattern. In history, Jingdezhen was known as the "Eighteen Provinces Wharf" in ancient times. Although their native languages ??are different, due to long-term mutual adaptation, the mutual penetration of living habits, and the exchange of language and emotions, the Spring Festival customs are basically the same.
Sweeping dust and pasting Spring Festival couplets in the New Year: According to "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", as early as the Yao and Shun periods, there was a custom of "dusting and sweeping the house on the twenty-fourth day of the twelfth lunar month". "Homophonous", sweeping dust in the New Year has the meaning of "removing the old and spreading the new". However, from the first to the seventh day of the first lunar month, no brooms are allowed, even if firecracker shavings and fruit shells are scattered all over the place, they cannot be cleaned up. The reason is: Cleaning in these days will sweep away all the "wealth" of the year. There are many people who don't even do needlework or scissors from the first to the seventh day of the Lunar New Year. Otherwise, they will have to sew and mend their clothes. A year of bad clothes.
The custom of posting Spring Festival couplets has a history of more than a thousand years. Spring couplets are also called door pairs, spring posts, couplets, peach charms, etc. The Spring Festival couplets posted on people's homes in the town are just like those everywhere. They describe the background of the times and express good wishes and blessings in concise and beautiful words. But the town is also different from other places, that is, the archway and couplets set up at the entrance of the kiln houses and rough houses with pine and cypress branches. The four characters "Celebrate the New Year" and the upper and lower couplets above the lintel of the archway are composed of a needle spoon (porcelain soup ladle) or a small porcelain plate. This should be a major feature of the porcelain capital.
New Year’s Eve dinner and staying up late on New Year’s Eve: Common people have a saying: “If you have money but don’t have money, go home and celebrate the New Year.” Chinese people attach great importance to family ties. In order to reunite the family, foreigners have to travel all the way home to reunite and have New Year's Eve dinner.
For the New Year’s Eve dinner in the town, no matter whether you are rich or poor, the dish "Catfish with Cooked Bean Chong" must not be missing. "Cat" and "Nian" are homophones, which means there is more than enough every year. People from Duchang in Jing still have the custom of having two New Year's Eve dinners, that is, on the 29th and 30th nights of the twelfth lunar month. Why is this so? The elders say that this is to commemorate the memory of their ancestors.
It is said that an ancestor of an unknown dynasty was lying in bed late at night on the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month due to poverty and illness. He couldn't stand the hunger and cold, so he struggled to get up and went to the vegetable field to plow some rice. He stopped by the ancestral hall and took away a piece of pork that a wealthy family used to worship their ancestors. He returned to the dilapidated thatched house, laughed at himself and lamented: "I have passed a year." From then on, people in Duchang in Jingzhou commemorated this ancestor who made future generations sad. On the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, the whole family People get up in the middle of the night to celebrate the New Year as a way of worshiping their ancestors. After the New Year's Eve dinner, the whole family has to sit around and chat all night long until dawn. The ancients said: "One night lasts two years, and the fifth watch divides two days." Staying up late means that the elderly cherish their time, and the young people stay up late to prolong their lives.
While keeping the New Year’s Eve, when the older generation gives out lucky money to the younger ones, they also repeatedly tell the children not to say “dirty words” (unlucky words) in the new year. Many elders use this method on New Year’s Eve. The purpose of wiping the child's lips with tissue paper is to act as a "butt mouth" and fart if the child talks nonsense. Some families still put garlic on furniture and cupboards on New Year's Eve to show that they are planning to spend money (garlic) next year.
During the New Year celebrations in the town, three firecrackers are set off, namely "reunion burst" (during the New Year's Eve dinner), "closed door burst" (closed door to protect wealth), and "open door burst" (receiving spring and blessings). . On the first day of the first lunar month, when the "door opener" sounds, you can open the door to your home, but it cannot be fully opened and must be partially concealed.
New Year greeting ceremony: Men greet each other with New Year greetings, clasping their hands in a bow: "Good health, I wish you good luck." Women meet, put their palms together and place them on their right lower abdomen, slightly bend their knees, and slightly bow their body three times, both sides agree. The steps are just like New Year greetings, which are only done among neighbors, because they are not allowed to go out from the first to the seventh day of the lunar month, so they may have to stay at home to greet guests. It is not until the eighth day of the Lunar New Year that you can visit relatives and friends, commonly known as "chufang". New Year gifts are almost always a pack of sugar cane and two sugar canes, and the sugar cane must be covered with a long strip of red paper. Paying New Year greetings is the happiest thing for children, and the song "New Year greetings, New Year greetings, and red envelopes are coming forward" has been sung for hundreds of years.
No matter how the Spring Festival customs evolve, people’s wishes for happiness and beauty, and their desire for harmony and auspiciousness will never change.
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