"Before and after the Red Cliff Fu" is a long scroll, and the skill and delicacy of the calligrapher's pen can be seen at a glance. Zhao Zi's brushwork directly follows the right army, with flowing beauty and vigorous body, warm and concise lines and rigid appearance.
There are many kinds of running scripts and stippling. The so-called "several paintings at the same time, different shapes; All points are consistent and obedient to each other. "
(1) horizontal painting
1. Heng Chang
As the main picture of a character, long horizontal lines should be written in a correct and healthy way, with a tendency of low left and high right, so as to stabilize the center of gravity of the character.
The most common way to write a long cross is to cut the front and drop the paper. After a short pause, you can turn your wrist to the right to write, or turn your wrist to the left to take out the binding line when you close the pen, as shown in the figure. Secondly, as shown in the figure, "Xiao" and "Dance" are long and horizontal. When the pen tip is inserted into the paper, the wrist rotates inward quickly, and the pen tube rotates to the left, and then writes to the right and upward. Another example is the long horizontal lines of the words "Ju" and "Pei" in the attached drawings. Start connecting with the painting in front with a pen, take the opposite trend, and then turn the front to the right.
The above three kinds of long horizontal pens are only different with or without lacing, but the pen movements are very different. From the line effect, it is refreshing and healthy, relaxed and free, and simple and vigorous.
2. Short horizontal line
The frequent use of short horizontal strokes naturally requires its posture to be changeable, but it is always the same, and it is not the time to make a mountain out of a molehill.
(1) pen is different. For example, the words "Tian" and "Zai" in the attached figure are formed by the sharp point of the upper transverse system entering the paper and the wrist turning inward, showing an upward trend; The words "Yu" and "zai" are placed horizontally, and the belly of the pen rises slightly after the pen tip enters the paper, showing a full and meaningful state; After the cross front of "Jiang" and "Ju" enters the paper, the wrist moves inward quickly, which looks muddy and dull; The horizontal direction of the words "Qing" and "Wu" is consistent with the previous strokes, which can be regarded as the opposite of the Tibetan front, rounded and euphemistic.
② The difference of pen collection. For example, under the word "beauty" in the attached figure, quickly pick up the pen and take the next breath; On the word "er", the pen is horizontally closed in front, showing a sense of integrity; The word "cry" is upside down, bringing out the next stroke, which seems to be harmonious and natural; The other word "cry" has a long aftertaste.
(2) Vertical painting
The method of standing is to find the curve in the straight line, and at the same time return to the length change; Only by using a pen to gather the front can we show our strength.
1. Long vertical
There is a difference between hanging needles and hanging dew. On the right side, the word "Dou" and "Zhang" is hung with a needle, and the wrist of the pen is slightly turned out, then turned to the right and then lowered, lifting while walking, and quickly gaining momentum in the air when writing. Generally used for the last stroke of a word, that is, "the needle will hang." The word "Huai" and "Fei" hangs down, leaving the wrist slightly when collecting the pen, and folding it up after a light meal. Such a free expression as the word "Rong" is rare in this post. After writing it, it flies down, leaving an arrow on the string.
The expression of the long vertical curve is done by the fluctuation of the pen, and it must not be deliberately arranged.
2. Short and vertical
There are many short and vertical forms, such as the one in the middle of the word "knowledge" on the right, which is pointed at the top and rounded at the bottom, like a jade bead hanging in the air; The word "Wu" is folded vertically, and it looks like a jade hairpin painting gray; The word "biography" is vertical, simple and decisive, which is in harmony with the strokes on both sides; The end of the word "broken" is elegant and vivid.
The vertical painting has a back, such as the vertical painting of the word "night" on the right is slightly curved, opposite to the right half, and the vertical painting of the word "tour" is slightly curved, opposite to the right half. The application of the same word, double vertical and simultaneous, must also be backward, for example, the word "phase" and the word "yes" are always backward.
In addition, the short vertical should also change randomly in specific applications, in harmony with the whole word. For example, the word "you" in the picture on the right is vertical and thin, which sets off the thick lines next to it to achieve balance; The word "ground" has different vertical and horizontal lengths, which makes the word state smart; The vertical pen of the word "light" is slightly curved, in contrast to the straight line below.
(3) Point
The seemingly simple point is actually a stroke that is difficult to express in calligraphy. The ancients said: "A point is like a rock falling, but it is like a collapse." It is true that it is important to make a pen gesture and quickly put pen to paper, but it is indispensable to start, start and close the pen.
1. oblique point
Commonly used for prefix, wrist eversion quickly after writing, supplemented by pen tube turning right. When collecting the pen, the wrist gently lifts the pen so that the front part is exposed from the abdomen, as shown in the right picture.
Maintain integrity
After the pen enters the paper, quickly force it to the right and then turn your wrist out, as shown by the words "guest" and "sparse" on the right.
3. Long curve points
This point is used occasionally, which is very chic. For example, in the picture on the right, click the word "silence", point straight down, gradually turn your wrist to make force, and then bounce up after closing the pen.
4。 Anti-point
Generally, it evolved from pressing. The tip of the pen points to the front of the paper, then writes to the right, turns to the right forcibly while walking, and slightly retracts the pen to the right. In concrete application, it has the change of light and heavy length, such as the words "sorrow", "shrimp", "nest" and "happiness" in the picture on the right.
5. Left and right points
Most of them are left low and right high, so pay attention to echo and change when writing. Generally, the left point is slightly raised to the right, and the right point turns to the right. The specific shape can be slightly changed, such as the words "Elk", "Harmony", "Respect" and "Answer" in the picture on the right.
Climb up and down
The text changes according to the position. Lift the left side up and down, echoing the right part, as shown on the right; Leave some on the right, and the coherence contains potential, such as the word "dragon"; I have a connection with each other, such as the word "Yu".
7. Three kinds of water
There is a lot of water in this volume, but the writing requirements are not high and changeable, and most of them are just subtle differences between lines and pens. For example, the words "wine" and "misty" in the picture on the right are written in the form of breaking the above and connecting the below, which is also the most common way to deal with it. Only a few numbers such as "Liu" and "Jiang" have changed.
(4) Skimming
The ancients called it "broken rhinoceros", and the most common problem was light floating. The main point of writing is that the pen should not be dragged straight after entering the paper, but should be coordinated with the wrist and fingers. Wrist fingers must be everted quickly at the beginning of writing, and wrist fingers must cooperate slowly when writing to the left.
1. Changes in pen writing
Most of them are written by cutting and writing with a pen. This writing action helps to adjust the brushwork and show the power of the left. The words "no", "Yu" and "Wei" in the picture on the right. However, when Lan Ye writes, the sharp edge goes straight, the middle section is full, and the pen is elegant, and there is a wonderful feeling of sighing between light and heavy changes. Such as "climbing" and "Ming" in the picture on the right.
2. Changes in pen collection
On the right, the calligraphy and painting of "Deer" and "Genus" are back strokes, and the strokes are folded upward, echoing the next stroke; The strokes of "zai" and "Shao" are left forward, and when the pen is closed, the wrist points outwards, and it is quickly left out, which seems to have a long meaning; The strokes of "Jade" and "Tian" are Tibetan forestrokes, and the front of the strokes is slightly left blank when they are closed, taking a warm and implicit state.
For the change of pen skimming, it is necessary to combine the specific font camera. If there are still some paintings on the left, back and right, you can echo them with the back front or the hidden front; If it is the last stroke, it is more appropriate to use the previous stroke.
In addition, the deviation varies greatly in angle. When used as a prefix, its potential is short and flat, but the strokes are clean, as shown in the figure below. Used for left vertical strokes, it is quite healthy if it is vertical, such as the words "side" and "virtual"; There are also the most widely used oblique strokes with varied postures, such as "oblique", "square" and "you".
(5) si
We often use "twists and turns" to describe the form of Si. Accurately speaking, this only summarizes the overall characteristics of Si, but there are other different forms of Si.
The strokes in Zhao characters are generally stretched, and the lines and thickness of the strokes are extremely clear, which is quite suitable for copying and pondering.
1. Pingsi
Mostly used at the bottom. One is a typical zigzag brushwork: first stroke slightly forward to the left, press the pen backwards, slightly lift, then stroke down to the right, and gradually exert force until the wrist is closed, as shown in the right picture. The other is to start writing with a sharp edge and not make a pen. This si looks light and elegant, like the word "Legacy".
There are also words that become a reaction. For example, in the word "Guo" on the right, after the folding front is reversed, the pen goes up to the left, and then the pen tube turns down. The painting written in this way is somewhat graceful.
2 baroclinic pressure
Compared with the writing method of flat pressure, the writing method of oblique pressure is much richer: there are twists and turns, such as the word "long" in the right picture; There are those who are light and empty, such as the word "wood"; Some people are unwilling to write, such as the word "cong"; Some reach the wrist, some are sharp, such as the word "valley"; Those who echo the front, the pen breaks the meaning, such as the word "Yu".
In cursive script, the pressing method is also one of the changeable stippling. In addition to the different treatments of brushwork analyzed above, there are also changes in angle, thickness, Fiona Fang and retraction.
(6) Hook
1. Cross hook
More common in Bao Gaier, the pen is horizontal. When folding the corner, the wrist is everted and the pen is hooked to the left, as shown in the right picture. If you don't suddenly change direction at the corner, the hook will appear mellow and tactful, such as the word "guest"
2. Vertical hook
This hook method is also divided into Fiona Fang. If you crouch directly before going out, the hook will be decisive and sharp, as shown in the picture on the right. If the wrist and fingers are turned out and then hooked out, the shape of the sidewalk will be strong and harmonious, such as the word "leopard".
3. Oblique hook
This tick usually appears as the main pen of the word, and it should be written vigorously. The curvature of the "grid" should not be too large, otherwise it will appear weak. The hook in the pen should be quick and powerful, giving people a strong impression, such as the words "I" and "abrupt" in the picture on the right.
4. Horizontal hook
The horizontal hook is a kind of hook that is difficult to grasp. It needs quick hook, vertical bending and mellow strength, and combines rigidity with softness. Draw an angle-be sure to cooperate with the flip of the wrist and fingers, as shown on the right.
5. Vertical hook
Zhao's vertical hook line is simple and round, and it is purely done by the center. In a stroke, the finger should be turned over so that the stroke always gathers, as shown in the right picture, which is "dangerous" and "light".
6. Back hook
This hook is completed after being folded horizontally, and the nib has changed several times. When writing, you should carefully consider the movements of your wrists and fingers. There are two aspects to test the accuracy of brushwork: one is the line effect, and the other is whether the brushwork is consistent. For example, the words "fly" and "gone with the wind" in the picture on the right are typical.
(7) Discount
In regular script, folding pictures can be regarded as horizontal and vertical overlapping, but the running speed is faster, so the action is required to be accurate when writing.
1. Horizontal folding
There are square and circular changes when the transverse folds are turned down.
The square fold requires that the pen tip should be straight down and firm and refreshing when turning the pen, as shown in the picture on the right. Zhao Mengfu's "Before and After Red Cliff Fu" seldom turns in Chinese, and the most common one is round turn, which also shows that Zhao Mengfu is familiar with wrist and fingering. For example, the turning points of the words "Yan", "Driving", "Gao" and "Fish" in the picture on the right show no trace, which is quite impressive.
Vertical folding
There are few vertical folds in Before and After Red Cliff Fu. When writing, we only need to rotate our wrists from vertical outside to horizontal inside rotation. For example, the vertical folding of the words "mountain" and "secluded" in the right picture has different shapes, but the method of turning the wrist is the same.