1. Maxillary sinus: Maxillary sinus is located in the maxilla and opens at the ethmoid funnel behind the middle nasal meatus. The shape of the sinus is irregular, which can be conical, flat or oval. Because the maxillary sinus is adjacent to the orbit and the anterior skull base, it is relatively deep.
2. ethmoidal sinus: ethmoidal sinus is located in ethmoid bone and is divided into three parts: anterior, middle and posterior. The opening of the anterior ethmoid sinus is located in front of the posterior part of the middle nasal meatus, the opening of the middle ethmoid sinus is located in the posterior part of the anterior ethmoid sinus, and the opening of the posterior ethmoid sinus is located in the orbit. The shape and size of ethmoid sinus vary from person to person, and it can be honeycomb, air chamber or balloon.
3. Frontal sinus: the frontal sinus is located in the frontal bone, one on the left and one on the right. The frontal sinus opening is located in the ethmoidal funnel in front of the middle nasal meatus, and its shape can be triangular, quadrilateral or irregular. Frontal sinus is adjacent to orbit and anterior skull base, and its position is relatively shallow.
4. sphenoid sinus: the sphenoid sinus is located in the sphenoid bone and is the deepest of all accessory sinuses. The opening of sphenoid sinus is located in the recess of sphenoid ethmoid sinus above the posterior nostril. The shape and size of sphenoid sinus vary from person to person, and it can be triangular, rectangular or irregular. The sphenoid sinus is adjacent to the orbit, anterior skull base and nasopharynx.
The opening position and shape of paranasal sinuses are not only related to individual physiological characteristics, but also closely related to the structure and function of nose. Different positions and shapes of these openings may lead to different nasal symptoms and diseases, such as rhinitis, sinusitis and nasal polyps.
The related functions of paranasal sinuses are as follows:
1. The paranasal sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity, and each paranasal sinus has its own specific opening to communicate with the nasal cavity. The position and shape of these openings are very important for the function and health of the nose.
2. Sinus has certain physiological functions. For example, they can warm and moisten the air entering the nasal cavity, and contribute to the perception of breathing and smell. In addition, paranasal sinuses can also resonate with pronunciation, which helps to improve the quality and clarity of sound.
3. Sinus infection is one of the common nasal diseases. Infection is usually caused by bacteria or viruses in the nasal cavity and spreads to the paranasal sinuses through the opening of the paranasal sinuses. Infection may lead to sinusitis, a common inflammatory disease of the nose.
4. The shape and size of paranasal sinuses vary from person to person. This difference may affect the function and health of the nose. For example, if the opening of the paranasal sinuses is blocked or excessively opened, it may lead to symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and headache.