In the eyes of the ancients, the relationship between Yin and Yang is a dialectical relationship of unity of opposites. "Such as Yin and Yang, there is Yang in Yin, there is Yin in Yang, and there is Yin in Yang, so it is infinite." ("Zhu genre? Volume 98) contains Yin and Yang, indicating that Yin and Yang are mutual. As the opposite of things, the relationship between Yin and Yang is not absolute. Cathode is Yang, and Yang is Yin, which can be balanced by opposites. The so-called "China and Japan are full, and the moon is full" means this. (Left) Yang represents positive, enterprising and strong things and phenomena. Generally speaking, everything that is active, external, ascending, warm and excited belongs to the category of Yang. Everything that is calm, inner, descending, cold, gloomy and decadent belongs to the category of Yin (as shown in the following table).
Yin and yang attributes of things or phenomena.
The weather was sunny and hot, due south to the left, and Sun took the initiative.
The shade is dark, cold, wet and soft, and the north is lower and the right is passive.
Feng Shui experts are familiar with the theory of Yin and Yang and apply it to Feng Shui. They call the mountain Yang, the water Yin, the south of the mountain Yang, the north of the mountain Yin, the north of the water Yang and the south of the water Yin. Therefore, the terrain should be "negative yin embracing yang", with mountains and water at the back (see Figure 2-13); High temperature, more sunshine and high geothermal are collectively referred to as yang, while low temperature, less sunshine and low terrain are collectively referred to as yin. From life experience, people realize that "yin is full of yang disease, and yang is full of yin disease" (Su Wen? Yin and yang should be like a big theory), so feng shui masters must "combine their yin and yang" and look for "yin and yang, where is the wind and rain?" Quot Only in these places can we achieve "yin and yang are orderly, when the wind and rain come, the spring is full, people are harmonious and beneficial, and things are well prepared" (Mandarin? Zhou Yu), it has the environmental material conditions for people to thrive and live and work in peace and contentment. It can be seen that the relationship between Yin and Yang in Feng Shui is a summary of intuitive experience and the result of overall speculation. It includes selected elements such as topography, geology, hydrology, climate, vegetation, ecology and landscape, and it is explained by the concepts of "Qi", "Qi" and "Yin and Yang" in traditional philosophy to determine whether it is suitable for human living and life, that's all. The following figure
Nowadays, with the great improvement of human understanding and scientific and technological level, people can not only make a detailed analysis of the elements of building site, but also conduct a macro-comprehensive study; We can not only describe the environment qualitatively, but also determine the quality of the environment quantitatively. It has become feasible to make better use of the environment and adapt to the change of the environment.
The climate is very different, such as cold and warm, dry and wet, rain and drought, strong wind, rainstorm, accumulated rain and sandstorm. Therefore, housing construction should adapt to the local climate, improve the unfavorable climatic conditions as much as possible, and create a comfortable indoor working and living environment. For example, ventilation, shading, heat insulation and cooling should be considered in hot areas. Cold areas need heating, cold protection and heat preservation ...; Coastal areas should be protected from typhoons, humidity and water accumulation. Northwest China should prevent sandstorms; The plateau area should try to avoid strong sunshine and improve the dry climate (in a small range), which should be considered in macro site selection, but we should also pay attention to the microclimate and microclimate of specific locations and make specific analysis and treatment.
To sum up, the selection of building environment should consider the following contents:
(1) Site location, topography, geological structure, unfavorable geographical phenomena and basic seismic intensity;
(2) Design and calculation indexes such as site distribution, uniformity of rock and soil, physical and mechanical properties and foundation bearing capacity;
(3) Burying conditions of groundwater, soil erosivity and freezing depth;
(4) Stability and suitability of the site;
(5) perennial and maximum flood level, surface drainage, stagnant water and swamp conditions and drinking water sources;
(6) Reasonable building scope and traffic entrances and exits of the site;
(7) The site microclimate of the climate in this area;
(8) Landscape, green vegetation and ecological conditions.
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◆ Consideration of geological conditions
Selection of soil
The soil mentioned here refers to the foundation soil of Tang Ming where the "Dragon Cave" of Feng Shui is located, that is, the foundation of the building. In ancient times, after selecting a hole, it was prudent to dig an exploratory well to measure soil. This exploratory well is called the golden well. When testing soil, it is better to be "fine but not loose, oily but not dry, bright but not dark", and the depth and degree should be determined anywhere. When you see that the floating soil is exhausted, the soil color has changed, or the five colors are salty, or red, yellow and moist, you will think that you have a local atmosphere, which is the "soil identification method" in Feng Shui. Volume III of the Book of Xiangzhai says: "The foundation site is dug one foot and two inches wide, as deep as it is, and the original soil is carefully screened, but the pit is still flat and full, which is uneasy. After a night, I will get up early to see it. If the gas is strong, it will be arching, and if the gas is weak, it will be concave. " Considering the bearing capacity of soil structure to buildings, the ancients also summarized the method of weighing soil. "Xiangzhai Warp Knitting" Volume III says, "Take a piece of soil and weigh it one inch on all sides. If the weight is greater than 92, it means good luck. If it's May 7th, it's Zhongji. If it is three or four, it will be fierce. " Or use a bucket to measure soil, and the soil will be flattened at the mouth of the bucket. Each bucket 10 kg is considered as the top grade, 8,9 kg as the middle grade, and 7,8 kg as the inferior grade. "Some Feng Shui books also say that the indigenous method is called' Mato in the ground', saying that six or seven kilograms is fierce, eight or nine kilograms is good, and ten kilograms is good. In this way, the density of excavation and the bearing capacity of foundation can be inferred. In the previous chapter, we told the story of Guo Pu's construction of Wenzhou City, and described the practice of using the method of weighing and distinguishing soil.
China has a vast territory, diverse terrain, changeable climate and diverse soil. According to the mechanical composition of soil, soil can be roughly divided into sand, loam and clay, and their water content and compressive capacity are different. In order to thoroughly understand the nature of soil, it is necessary to briefly introduce the formation and structure of soil. Our common soil is the particles of different sizes formed by the continuous weathering of solid rocks and the sediments generated in various natural environments. It is a three-phase system composed of particles (solid phase), water (liquid phase) and gas (gas phase). The three-phase composition of different soils is different, so it has different reflections on a series of physical properties and states of soils, such as light and heavy, loose, dry and wet, soft and hard, which in turn determine its mechanical properties and engineering characteristics to a certain extent. The proportion of three-phase composition of soil determines the specific gravity, water content and porosity of soil particles, which is an important parameter of basic engineering characteristics. Generally speaking, the greater the specific gravity (unit volume weight) of soil, the smaller the porosity, the denser it is, and the greater the bearing capacity, which is suitable for building foundation; For the same kind of soil, the higher the water content, the smaller the bearing capacity. The specific gravity of soil particles depends on the mineral composition of soil, and its value is generally 2.6~2.8. The specific gravity of sand and clay particles is within its range, while the specific gravity of organic soil is 2.4~2.5. This kind of soil contains a lot of animal and plant humus, which is dark in color and soft in soil. The proportion of peat soil is even lower, only 1.5~ 1.8. Neither of the latter two categories can be used as the foundation of buildings.
The fierce soil of fighters mentioned in Feng Shui is probably mechanical, while 89 kilograms of auspicious soil can be equivalent to sand or clay, and more than 10 kilograms of large soil can be equivalent to dense gravel soil. It seems that the ancient soil naming method was not so scientific, but it was effective at that time, and the essential connotation of the concept of good or bad luck also refers to the bearing capacity and permeability, and there is no superstition.
According to the requirements of modern foundation mechanics, the allowable bearing capacity of various foundation soils (bearing capacity per unit area, generally tons/square meter). According to the following table: Table 3-2 Allowable Bearing Capacity of Soil (unit: ton/m2)
Soil name bearing capacity
Gravel soil 30-80, silt soil 5- 10.
Sandy soil 15-35 red clay 12-30
Clay 12-40 plain fill 6- 15
From the comprehensive analysis of bearing capacity, water permeability, water content and other factors, the sand is dense and firm, with large bearing capacity and low water content. Compared with clay, sandy soil has better water permeability and air permeability, which is beneficial to soil purification, better antifouling and easy to dig. Therefore, sandy soil is suitable for construction. Loam (organic soil) has loose structure and small bearing capacity, and houses are easy to settle and collapse; However, the structure of clay soil is too dense, the water permeability is poor, and the house is easy to get wet, which is not conducive to human health.
In ancient times, tombs were mostly located in sandy soil, which was most conducive to the long-term preservation of wooden coffins because of its low water content and good water permeability and permeability. For example, the No.1 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province, which shocked China and foreign countries, has been well preserved for more than 2 100 years, especially the female corpse of the tomb owner, and even the skin is still elastic. This is inseparable from the good geological conditions of the burial site. Mawangdui is located near Wulipai in the eastern suburb of Changsha, and the average water level of Liuyang River is about15m. The platform consists of reticular red soil and gravel layer. The coffin is located on a tightly stacked sandy clay layer, with a thickness of about 1. 1 m, with a permeable gravel layer under it and reticular mahogany around it. Above the coffin is mottled rammed earth with a thickness of 16 meters, so it is difficult for surface water to penetrate into the tomb. In addition, technical measures such as filling the coffin with charcoal and white paste mud were taken, which finally made its anticorrosion performance reach a high level.
In addition to the physical properties of the soil, the groundwater level should be 0.5 meters below the foundation to avoid dampness and collapse. Also check for soil pollution, ants and rodents, and whether there are underground pits such as ancient tombs, ancient wells, potholes, acupoints and manholes. In order to find out these situations, in addition to visiting and investigating, field exploration is a necessary means. Common exploration methods include pit exploration, drilling and sounding, but in ancient times, only pit depth was commonly used.
In ancient times, the depth of the pit to explore the geological and soil conditions was the "hole" set by Feng Shui experts. Caves are specific places for building graves and houses. Specifically, "Kyoto takes the Chaodian as the main cave, and counties and counties take the palace as the main cave", and "it is easy to find dragons, but difficult to point them" (Buried Sutra), which is the most important point of Feng Shui scholars. Tang, a scholar of "Kanyu", said: "The depth of the cave shall prevail. When it is shallow and deep, it will be dead; When it is deep and shallow, the gas will pass through the bottom. " This means finding out the soil layer that is conducive to protecting the coffin. In fact, after acupuncture, the geomancer should explore the pit to determine the real geological situation of the soil layer. If it is not suitable, you should call back, and if it is serious, you should give up.
According to the excavation data of Ming and Qing emperors' tombs, there is a round deep hole in the center of the coffin bed at the core of the underground palace of the mausoleum, which is quite mysterious? Quot "Golden Well" and "Notes on Geography of Han and Tang Dynasties" said: In ancient times, there were Jin people who struck the ground with a stick and became a well, which was unfathomable. Gold is precious, so it is called "golden well". Folk circulation, there are different opinions about the legend of Jin Jing, which is more mysterious. According to the theory of geomantic omen, Jinjing is a cave of geomantic omen to communicate with Yin and Yang. Others attach the word "well", thinking that there are inexhaustible springs in the golden well all year round. In addition to many mysterious and bizarre rumors, according to the relevant records of funeral ceremonies in the Qing Dynasty, Jin Jing was paid special attention by the emperor and queen before his death, and he never dared to treat him with courtesy. For example, in Putuo Valley, when Empress Dowager Cixi personally went to the underground palace to see the golden well, she took off the rare treasure "Eighteen Beads Bracelet" on her wrist and put it in the golden well as the treasure of the town tomb to show her interest. In addition, empress dowager cixi sent imperial palace ministers to the underground palace many times and placed an amazing amount of gold treasures in the golden well? Quot the gold well has become a real gold well.
Ancient emperors paid special attention to funerals, and after thousands of years of choosing land, they were acupuncturing, that is, determining the position of Jinjing. After acupuncture, dig a round pit the size of a millstone, preliminarily explore the soil at the mouth of the cave, and then cover it with a welcome-shaped wooden box, so as not to let the pit see the sun, the moon and the stars again. Pile shall be erected within a certain distance in front of the hole obtained by needling, and the hole and pile shall be carefully protected until the construction is decided. When Tommy Tam Cave, the Emperor of Puyi, was confirmed in the late Qing Dynasty, according to Yue Liang's report to Puyi, after the Dragon Cave was opened, the earth color and geomantic omen were very good. After that, send someone to guard piling for construction. In the secret code of the emperor's burial, there was a grand ceremony around Jinjing. Before the coffin is laid to rest, the palace officials will bring the "golden well and auspicious soil" excavated at the beginning of the tomb construction into the underground palace, cover it in the golden well, and then put the coffin on it. During the period of 1980, when the relevant departments were excavating and sorting out the chongling underground palace of Qing Xiling, jewels such as gold, silver, enamel pocket watches and a molar tooth that fell off before Guangxu's death were unearthed in the golden well under the coffin of Emperor Guangxu. In addition, about half a catty of loess placed in Jinjing was also unearthed during burial. These unearthed objects confirm the records of the ceremony of Jin and Jing in the archives of Qing Dynasty.
As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there was often a deep hole in the tomb pit below the center of the coffin, where people often sacrificed bones and bronze jade articles. In addition to religious significance, this deep hole is mainly used to find out the hydrological situation of underground soil, which is the predecessor of later generations of Jinjing. Because its location is just below the waist of the tomb owner's body, the archaeological community calls it? Quot Yaokeng "Shang Dynasty tomb excavated in the north of Wuguan Village in Anyang, Henan Province, has a rectangular plane. There is a long curtain road at its north and south ends. This is a Chinese-style curtain burial, and the owner of the tomb is a member of the slave-owning class in Shang Dynasty. The upper mouth of the tomb curtain room is 14m long from north to south, 12m wide from east to west, and the mouth bottom is 7.2m deep. There is a tomb in the middle of the lower part of the tomb. The tomb is 6.3m long, 5.2m wide and 2.5m deep. In the center of the bottom of the tomb, there is a waist pit with a length of 1 m, a width of 0.8 m and a depth of 1.4 m, and a martyr is buried in the pit with a bronze ge as the handle.
In the exploration of the mausoleum site, an important task is to dig the exploration well-gold well, so as to determine the engineering geology, which is equivalent to the exploration process of modern engineering geology. The excavation depth of the gold well is limited by the geological conditions of the horizontal plane where the underground ground is located. The elevation of the gold well bottom will be used as the basis for the design elevation of the underground layer. Dig a deeper exploratory well (also called sample pit) behind the gold well to determine and determine the appropriate depth of the underground foundation. As a preventive measure, exploratory wells were also dug in the low-lying areas on the two wings of Jinjing.
The architectural design of the mausoleum in Qing Dynasty is based on the requirements of the mausoleum system, combined with the surrounding topography and geological and hydrological data, to make the overall plane and vertical layout of the mausoleum and the design of the single building. In the whole design process, taking the golden well as the reference point, the architectural pattern of the whole underground palace and even the whole mausoleum is excavated, and it is shown in the plane design and vertical design. After the design scheme was approved by the emperor, Qin Tianjian's lettering department of the Ministry of Rites carefully chose the auspicious day of the ecliptic and the date when the project was approved by the emperor. At that time, a ceremony will be held to worship mountain gods, land gods and workers gods, and then the basement trench will be excavated, and the mausoleum project will enter the construction stage.
After the big trough is dug, the volunteers' piles are no longer retained, and the deep wells dug at acupoints tend to disappear. Just below the acupuncture point, a mound is left by the original soil layer of the big trough and stands in the big trough. This mound is called Jinjing Jitu, also called Yuanshan Jitu. Its shape is a pyramid with a big bottom and a small top, and a small section is cylindrical. The epithelium on the Jin Jingji is the bottom surface of the exploration well in the cave, which is designated as the control elevation of the underground layer in the design (left and right in the figure). After the big trough is planed, the foundation and underground ground are constructed, and the original mountain soil is gradually surrounded by various structural layers. The lower section of the quadrangular prism of Yuanshan Jitu is buried in the foundation, and the upper section of the cylinder is sleeved in the through hole left in the center of the bottom cushion stone under the underground palace treasure bed. The bottom cushion stone of the treasure bed is flat, on the same level as the bottom of the underground palace, which is also the top elevation of the Yuan-Shan-Ji map. On the cushion stone at the bottom, there is a treasure bed, right in the center, and a circular through hole, which is the last gold well. A through hole is called a gold well through hole or hole, which is really connected with the earth vein.
Here is a story about a Feng Shui gentleman who was killed because of his carelessness in acupuncture.
After Daoguang added robes in the Qing Dynasty, he sent ministers to seek dragons and acupoints according to the precedent. At that time, there were many people who knew Feng Shui in the imperial court, among whom Dai, a great scholar, and the Prime Minister were prominent. So Emperor Daoguang ordered Zhuang to send Mianke to seek eternal happiness. The two of them followed orders and ran around. Song Si, who was the first in the field of geomantic omen at that time, Niu Kun, who was in charge of the general supervision of the project, and Mu and Akdang, who knew how to behave themselves, were invited. The gang quickly found an auspicious place in Baohuayu, Dongling, and with the approval of Daoguang Emperor, they chose an auspicious place to start construction, and started construction at Jiri 182 10 Lunar New Year 10 in Shi Mao. It is said that when the worker's shovel was about to fall straight into the dragon cave, Feng Shui master Song Si quickly stopped him. People asked Song Si to stop him quickly, and people asked what Song Si meant. He said, in my opinion, the empress dowager and the general are afraid of stones in the cave, so they should move ten feet ahead and the prescription should be broken. Even if Song Si doesn't say anything, everyone's heart view is the same. However, due to the regulations of the mausoleum, construction can only be started by moving forward five feet.
The project lasted for seven years and was completed on September 22nd, the seventh year of Daoguang (1827). At the same time, the filial piety palace of Xiao Mu was built in the underground palace of Feng 'an.
Daoguang Emperor visited Baohuayu to promote the memorial ceremony. Seeing the orderly management and solid quality of the mausoleum, he happily sent a message: "Mianke, the former minister of the Ministry of Industry, was exempted from borrowing a salary of 42,000 yuan, and the university gave the title of Prince Taishi. The poem of Foreign Lang, a member of his son's user department, is supplemented by Langzhong, and he Ying's top hat and flower feathers are all in Rehe. " Reward the achievements of other ministers.
Unexpectedly, the next year, there was a big problem with the mausoleum. The underground spring water in the underground palace seeps into the underground palace, leaching out the groundwater, and the accumulated water is deeper than the treasure bed. Filial piety mu since the palace has been two inches mildew wet, water as high as one foot six or seven inches. When Daoguang went hunting in Beijing, he passed Dongling and visited his mausoleum. Seeing this situation, he couldn't help flying into a rage and calling the project leaders "heartless", "cutting corners" and "hateful". Immediately ordered that six people, including Niu Kun, the chief inspector, be dismissed and strictly investigated; Dai was demoted to the top of the three products and immediately dismissed, and his son was demoted to Yuanwailang; Hege went to wear a top hat and plucked flowers and feathers, and then he planned to behead his two sons and send them to Heilongjiang. For Mianke, who died at this time, the top loads of his four sons were removed; Akdang was fined forty-two thousand pieces of silver. Many others were robbed of their property and fined 256,200 taels of silver. Later, Daoguang abandoned Baohuayu Mausoleum, chose a mausoleum site in Longquanyu, Qingxiling, Yizhou, and built Muling.
The ancient exploration method of this cave well is very similar to the pit exploration method in modern geological exploration. Pit exploration method is a common exploration method without using special tools. Intuitive geological data and undisturbed soil samples can be obtained by digging exploratory pits, especially when the local geological conditions are complex, and the structure and changes of strata can be directly observed by using exploratory pits, but the exploration depth is shallow and limited to the engineering geological exploration of general buildings.
The depth of the pit is to dig an exploratory well or pipe trench on the construction site or foundation (see the figure below). The plane shape of the exploratory well is generally a square with a diameter of 1.5× 1 m or a circle with a diameter of 0.8- 1.0 m, and the depth is generally 2-3 m. The deep exploratory pit should be reinforced to observe the geological and hydrological conditions of the soil layer. In addition, soil samples should be taken for physical and chemical properties determination and inspection. Exploration well sampling is to dig a soil column with a specified depth at the bottom of the well or on the borehole wall, and the diameter of the soil column must be slightly larger than that of the soil column. Press the top surface of the soil column flat, put it into a metal cylinder with openings at both ends, and cut off the excess soil outside the cylinder. Press in the cylinder while cutting the soil until the cylinder is completely nested in the soil column, and then cut off the soil column. Leveling the soil at both ends of the cylinder, covering the cylinder cover, sealing it with melted wax and labeling it, indicating the upper and lower soil columns of the soil sample, and cutting off the soil columns. Flatten the soil at both ends of the cylinder, cover the cylinder, seal it with melted wax, and label it to indicate the up and down direction of the soil sample.
In addition to the pit depth, modern geological exploration drilling and sounding have also been widely used, especially for those important buildings, geological exploration is very important. In the vast rural areas, pit detection method and drill hammer detection method are still widely used. In a word, the investigation of engineering geology depends on the color, smell, structure, groundwater level, physical and chemical properties and the situation of ants and rodents.
◆ Consideration of hydrological factors
Water is a very important substance in nature, which plays an important role in regulating the climate and purifying the environment. Humans cannot live without water for a moment. However, improper site selection or improper use can also lead to ruthless floods devouring crops and houses, or polluting and destroying ecosystems. Therefore, how to deal with the water in building site selection is one of the most important issues.
In geomantic omen, choosing water is of great significance.
According to the theory of geomantic omen, "auspicious land can't be without water", so "looking for dragons and choosing land, we must be cautious, and we must observe the water potential first", "Don't look at the mountains, look at the water first, the mountains are without water, and don't look for land", so water has always been paid special attention by geomantic omen. They think that water is the blood of mountains. The land where dragons are sought is surrounded by mountains and waters, where the two waters meet and the dragons stop at the water. Because of the ever-changing bend of the water, Mr. Feng Shui also compared water to a dragon and said? Quot "Water Dragon" The book "Water Dragon Classic" focuses on the relationship between water system and land selection, and summarizes hundreds of good and bad water bureaus about yin houses and yang houses for reference.
In plain areas where there are no mountains to follow, Mr. Feng Shui chooses land with water instead of mountains. "Traveling to the Mo Wen Plain (mountainous area), we can only see that water is a real dragon." The Shuilong Classic specifically discusses the essentials and laws of Shuilong pulse-cutting.
"But the water is big and small, far and near, shallow and deep. Just look at the water rashly."
When judging its situation, observe its temperament, not good or bad, so as to make a choice. "Feng Shui experts choose water mainly according to its source and form. "When the water flies away, people will get angry. In deep water, people will become rich, while in shallow water, people will become poor. When people gather, people are thick, and when people are scattered, they are scattered. "
It is believed that water should be curved, surrounded by horizontal water, lingering with flowing water, and the gathered water should be clean and melodious. The water, on the other hand, goes straight at an oblique angle, steep and turbulent, and it is unlucky to rebound and fall.
In the theory of geomantic omen, besides considering the benefits of irrigation, salt fishing, drinking, disaster relief, boating and setting up risks, we also attach great importance to the understanding of floods. "The world is not weaker than water, and the strong cannot be beaten" (Laozi). The ancients have long recognized the rigidity and softness of water, and people have summed up many reasonable floods such as flooding, scouring and erosion. A typical example is the location of the river bend. It is the place where the river bends into an arch, and its bottom is surrounded by water on three sides. This situation is called "Huang Jincheng encirclement". Five elements of golden elephant circle, golden water. Water is also dangerous, surrounded by water? Quot Jincheng and Shuicheng. Also known as "Guanshui" and "Sleeping Bow Water" in Feng Shui, it is an auspicious place in the shape of Feng Shui. Originated from the royal family, such as the old Palace Jinshui River, the crown belt moored in front of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, the half-moon wind pool in front of the house and many houses.
This kind of water bureau is considered auspicious because its base is safe, expanding and looking around. According to modern hydrogeology, due to the limitation of topography and geology and the deflection force generated by the earth's rotation, the river has formed a winding state, with many meanders at the bend. Due to the hydraulic inertia, the river constantly impacts the concave bank of the bend, causing it to be eroded and collapse. On the convex bank side, the water flow is slow and the sediment is continuously deposited into the ground, so there is no flood disaster, and the base can be expanded to develop houses. At the same time, the crown ribbon water flow is vivid, giving people a good visual experience. And what is the anti-bow water? Quot It is unlucky to retire from the countryside and remain poor. This kind of understanding and practice has a long history. For example, the ruins of Yin Shang architecture in Anyang, Henan Province are mostly located on the convex bank of the river, but there are many descendants.
The understanding of water in ancient geomantic omen mostly accords with scientific truth, which can be used for reference in today's site selection. For example, you can choose a platform with a convex bank of the river, and it should be higher than the perennial flood level, so as to avoid being built in a swamp with rapid water flow, unstable riverbed and stagnation. In addition, we should pay attention to the quality of water sources. As far as this water source is concerned, there are only three kinds, one is well water, and the selection of well location should consider factors such as water quantity, water quality and pollution prevention. As far as possible, it is located in the upstream of groundwater pollution sources to facilitate water intake. The well site is required to be dry, not easy to accumulate water, and there are no pollution sources such as seepage toilets, cesspits, livestock pens, garbage dumps and industrial wastewater within 20~30 meters around. The second kind is spring water, which is common on slopes and foothills. Spring water with good water quality and abundant water quantity is not only a suitable water source, but also has the function of purifying the air and beautifying the environment. Therefore, if there are mountain springs around the house, it should be considered a lucky house.
The geomantic book also said: "There are mountain springs that melt into the front house, where it is sweet, colorful and fragrant, and it never dries up. Those who are cool in summer and warm in winter are Jiaquan, and the Lord is rich and longevity. " The third is surface water, such as rivers, lakes and stored rainwater. This kind of water pollution is more serious than well water and spring water, so the drinking water intake point should be chosen as far as possible in the upstream of the settling river, and the sewage discharge point should be located in the downstream. If drinking water is available, it is best to set sand filter wells on the shore to purify the water quality and improve the cleanliness and hygiene of the water.
As far as water quality is concerned, water should be clear, transparent, colorless, tasteless, odorless and sweet when judged by simple observation and tasting. If possible, chemical and biological experiments should be carried out to check the hardness, mineral content and bacterial content of water. It seems that the consideration of water environment is nothing more than paying attention to water potential, water source and water quality.