Cai Mao, the prime minister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "stole" three hectares of cemetery and then "committed suicide" [S2/].
According to the records of Yuangui Bookstore edited in northern Song Zhenzong, 460 corrupt officials were investigated from the first feudal society, the Qin Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. In addition, the officials under investigation recorded in the book "Family Rules" have a higher level. For example, government agencies, five generations ago, 29 corrupt officials at the prime minister level were investigated and exposed.
Cai E was the first prime minister to be investigated for corruption in China feudal society, and the second prime minister appointed as emperor by Liu Che. At that time, the emperor gave him 20 acres of cemetery, but he sold the land, greedy for 3 hectares and sold more than 400 thousand. After being exposed, he committed suicide.
In fact, he is still a good official. He is a relatively clean and corrupt official, like Li and Yang, the prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty. He is the cousin of Li Guang, a famous Western Han Dynasty star in The Gift of Wealth. He made outstanding achievements and enjoyed a high reputation at that time. Unfortunately, his reputation was only damaged by greed.
In addition to senior civil servants, many senior military attaché s were investigated in ancient times. According to the Book House and Yuan Gui General Department, as many as 74 military generals were investigated before the Five Dynasties.
When North Tuoba Island was in power, Jassamyn Liu, the official department minister, was a corrupt official. Jassamyn Liu is proud of his achievements and very greedy. Even if his people occupy the wealth of the city and the enemy, he will participate in the division. When it was recorded that the Liu family was copied, people found "great wealth". Such great greed made Tuoba Tao gnash his teeth with anger.
1998 The recorded corrupt officials are only a few of the ancient corrupt officials in China, but there are also many corrupt officials whose subordinates have no records. It can be said that flies stink and locusts throw grass.
In which dynasty did corrupt officials die?
In the second year of Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Yao, the magistrate of Shanghe County, was stabbed to death for corruption.
Historically, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin created the "Prosperous Age of Zhenguan", which can be said to be the period of least official corruption in the feudal era of China.
Li Shimin's anti-corruption measures are also very interesting. Finding corrupt officials is not a punishment, but a "humiliation therapy." In the first year of Zhenguan, Li Shimin launched the Xuanwumen mutiny, and Sun Shunde, the founding hero and right-hand man, bribed courtiers to seize the throne. Knowing this, Li Shimin was regarded as an official by the imperial court and "sent dozens of silks". According to Liu Shuwei Xiechuan, Li Shimin did this to fight corruption and promote honesty.
As stated in the book "Family Rules", this anti-corruption tactic has also achieved miraculous results. At that time, the officialdom was "more conscious of being an official." Not only are there few corrupt officials, but public security is also the best period in China's history. Prisons are usually empty and historically called "the rule of chastity".
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the number of corrupt officials in China officialdom increased greatly. Song Dynasty is a dynasty with high salaries in the history of China, and it is the best official. However, "high salary" failed to keep clean, but caused serious official corruption, and too many corrupt officials were redundant.
The early Song Dynasty attached great importance to fighting corruption and promoting honesty. In the second year after the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, in April of the second year of Jianlong, the first corrupt official to be executed was Li Yao, the county magistrate of Shanghe County. According to Sun Qiang Shunde Biography, Li Yao was "clubbed to death" for corruption.
Although Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor, showed no mercy to corrupt officials, during his reign, more than 30 corruption cases had a great impact.
In the middle of Song Dynasty, corruption spread. Bao Zheng is a famous official in the history of China. He had a deep understanding of the corruption in the officialdom at that time. Bao's "Zhenguan dignitaries" said: "The world is big, there are many officials, and ten products are six."
By the end of the Song Dynasty, officialdom was even worse. At that time, there were "honest officials 1 1 people and corrupt officials 19 people", that is, 90% of the officials were corrupt officials with dirty bottoms. When Xu Huixin became emperor, the officialdom was almost completely corrupt. At that time, the government was controlled by interest groups, and corrupt officials such as Cai Jing, Wang Fu, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng, Li Yan, Zhu CuO, Sui Wendi and Gao Qiu appeared. According to the criminal law of the Song Dynasty, the officialdom in this period "can only be banned if the goods are delivered".
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, corrupt officials were still corrupt. According to Mao Benji in the Song Dynasty, Zhu Di was promoted to Zou Ji, a bachelor of Hanlin, and was exiled in Yongle for nineteen years, which reflected the corruption of officials at that time, saying that "corrupt officials were all over the world and exploited bone marrow". At this time, it was only 53 years since the establishment of the Ming Dynasty.
By the Qing Dynasty, the feudal "family background" would be exhausted, but official corruption would reach its peak and corrupt officials would be extremely active. Lin Qilong, a talented scholar in Shunzhi for three years, once described the officialdom at that time in The Year of Speech Selection. "Today, corrupt officials are all over the world." The subtext of this sentence is that "no officials are not greedy" in the Qing Dynasty.
How to deal with the "lost" property of ancient corrupt officials?
Liang Ji, a corrupt official in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was robbed of his family wealth and "the tax rent in the world was halved"
In ancient feudal society, official corruption became more and more serious. So if we analyze the desire and greed of corrupt officials, which one is the most vicious?
Liang Ji in the Han Dynasty was a corrupt official and was overthrown by Herry Liu in the Han Dynasty. His father, Liang Shang, is the brother-in-law of Liu Bao, Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty. His ancestors were the founding heroes of the Eastern Han Dynasty, so Liang Ji was very arrogant and cronyism. The emperor of the Han Dynasty was poisoned by him only because he called him a "overbearing general". After the overthrow, Liang's property was confiscated and auctioned by the government, worth more than 3 billion yuan. According to Zou Jichuan in the Ming Dynasty, all the money was collected from the government and deducted from the national tax for half a year, which is called "rent reduction for half a day".
After Liang Ji, a big corrupt official Dong Zhuo appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Dong Zhuo was so greedy that in order to grab wealth, he even went to rob the tomb. According to the records in the memorial, Dong Zhuo sent Lu Bu to "send the mausoleum and other tombs under the mausoleum to collect their treasures."
Dong Zhuo was not only greedy for money, but also ambitious. He wanted to seize Liu's country, so he built a castle in the east of Chang 'an. The stored grain is enough for people in the castle to use for 30 years, which is called "Long live the pier". After Dong Zhuo was uprooted, countless treasures were copied out of the "Long Live Pier". According to "The Story of Ji Liangchuan in the Later Han Dynasty", "There are 20,000 Jin of gold and 890,000 Jin of silver on the dock. Jin Qi, Gu Wan, three people are playing and piling up like mountains. " Today, only 20,000 to 30,000 pieces of gold are worth 654.38+0.2 billion yuan.
Li was a corrupt official and traitor in the Tang Dynasty. After his colleague Wang Yong was investigated, the procuratorate failed to complete Wang's real estate registration for several days. Another corrupt official, Yang, became prime minister, and only accepted bribes from high-grade silk products, reaching 30 million horses.
Cai Jing, the prime minister of Song Huizong, was a corrupt official in the Song Dynasty. His corrupt means is to directly regard the national treasury as his own small vault and use public funds at will. Immediately after Zhao Huan acceded to the throne, he attacked Cai Jing and demoted it to Lingnan. According to Comrade Han Jianji 5 1, I checked the Cai family and found that he had misappropriated "tens of millions" of public funds.
How did the phrase "small Shenyang falls, Jiaqing is full of Qing" come from?
The wealth of a small family in Shenyang is equivalent to the government's fiscal revenue for three years.
Judging from the number of corrupt officials in the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties mentioned above, it is quite amazing. But compared with corrupt officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties, it can be said that it is "dwarfed". Zhu Houzhao, a corrupt eunuch named Liu Jin, was executed in less than a year because of his greed for money. According to "The Changes of Liu Jin in the Late Han Dynasty"
But all the above corruption records were finally broken by Xiao Shenyang, a corrupt official in the Qing Dynasty. Before Xiao Shenyang was investigated, he presided over the investigation of Li Shiyao, another corrupt official in Qing Dynasty. A total of 90/kloc-0 pieces of gold, silver, jewelry and foreign goods were stolen from the Li family, many of which were embezzled by Xiao Shenyang.
If Li Shiyao's home is a museum, then Shenyang's home is the national treasury. According to Hong Yiwen's record in the History of the Song Dynasty, after investigation, Emperor Jiaqing confiscated small Shenyang's family wealth, 26 items worth 202.3 million were exchanged for silver, and 83 items worth more than 600 million were exchanged for silver, totaling more than 800 million. At that time, the total fiscal amount of the Qing court was only "70 million", and it is estimated that only part of it was the fiscal revenue of the Qing dynasty for three years. Therefore, there is a saying that "small Shenyang falls, Jiaqing is full of Qing Dynasty".
Corrupt officials are a big problem in this country. Throughout the history books, we can see that corrupt officials in ancient times did not come to a good end, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The means of punishing corruption are extremely severe, and the proportion of corrupt officials sentenced to death is almost 100%. Some of them have been abandoned in the market, some have died, and there is even the torture of "skinning corrupt officials alive" in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang. However, corrupt officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties were the most vicious and greedy group in ancient China. Why are corrupt officials repeatedly punished and killed? This question is still worth thinking about!