Sun Simiao (54 1-682, controversial, please refer to the catalogue of "The Debate of the Times" in the article) and Jing Zhao Huayuan (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), doctors and Taoist priests in the Tang Dynasty, were honored as "medical saints" by later generations.
In the seventh year of the Western Wei Dynasty (54 1), Sun Simiao was born into a poor peasant family. He was brilliant since he was a child, and when he grew up, he began to like Taoism and Zhuangzi's theory. In the first year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (58 1), Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, Shaanxi Province, and gradually gained a high reputation.
Sun Simiao attached great importance to the folk medical experience, accumulated interviews and recorded them in time, and finally finished his book "A Thousand Daughters". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with it to carry out medical activities. Celebrating the fourth year of Jian 'an (659), he completed the world's first national pharmacopoeia "Tang Xin Ben Cao". ?
In the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Gaozong (674), Sun Simiao was old and sick. Please go back to his hometown. The first year of Yongchun (682), died.
Second, the life of the characters.
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Sun Simiao was born in the seventh year of the Western Wei Dynasty (54 1). He claimed that "when he was young, he suffered from the cold, and he repeatedly built a medical clinic, and his wealth was exhausted." When Sun Simiao was a child, he was thirsty for knowledge and had a wide range of knowledge, but later he became ill and often sought medical treatment and spent a lot of money. So he decided to become a doctor.
Sun Simiao is a studious and intelligent young man. I knew more than 1000 words at the age of seven, and I can recite thousands of words every day. According to the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, Du, the minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, highly valued Sun Simiao, calling him the "Son". /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he decided to study medicine. "He is quite open-minded, and he benefits from his sick relatives and neighbors at home and abroad." At the age of 20, he was able to talk about Laozi and Zhuangzi in Kan Kan and master Taoist classics. He was called a "holy boy" and began to treat his neighbors.
Practise medicine in the south
During the reign of Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty took charge of state affairs and called Sun Simiao a doctor. Sun Simiao has no intention of official career, and thinks that being a senior official is too sophisticated to be accepted at will, so he devotes himself to medicine.
In the first year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1), Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain. On the one hand, he studied medical works hard, on the other hand, he personally collected medicines and studied pharmacology. I have carefully studied the ancient medical books such as Huangdi Neijing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Shennong Materia Medica, etc., and widely collected folk prescriptions. I am enthusiastic about treating people and have accumulated a lot of valuable clinical experience.
From theory to practice, he refined new medical research results from practical experience, and devoted his life to writing medical works "Thousands of gold are splendid" and "Thousands of Fang Yi".
Enter Beijing upon request.
After Emperor Taizong acceded to the throne, he called Sun Simiao to Beijing to be his teacher Chang 'an. He was very impressed when he saw a man in his seventies who looked and walked like a teenager. He said: "So, people who have the means are really worthy of respect! People like Xianmen and Guangchengzi already exist in the world. How can it be empty talk? " Emperor Taizong wanted to make Sun Simiao Qiu, but he refused. He still went back to the countryside to treat the people. ?
In 659, the fourth year of Tang Gaozong, Sun Simiao was sent to the Imperial City to give advice to doctors. Although I stayed in Chang 'an this time, I still refused to be an official. Because of his kindness, he recommended his apprentice Liu Shenwei, saying that he was eager to learn and young and promising. After the emperor agreed, he immediately arranged for Liu Shenwei to enter the Imperial Hospital. ?
In the first year of Shangyuan (674), Sun Simiao was old and sick. Please go home. Emperor Gaozong specially gave him a good horse and other things, as well as the residence of the late Princess Poyang. Celebrities at that time, such as Song, Lu and so on, respected Sun Simiao and waited on him as a teacher.
Retired five stations
Sun Simiao devoted his life to writing books. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in his hometown Jingzhao Garden (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province) and devoted himself to Wutai Mountain (Wang Yao). Until Bai Shou's age, he never published this book. In the first year of Tang Yongchun (682), Sun Simiao died at the age of 142. Leave a will: bury thinly, don't burn those paper objects in the grave, and don't slaughter livestock when offering sacrifices. ?
The main achievements of expanding data
Sun Simiao is not only good at internal medicine, but also good at gynecology, pediatrics, surgery and five senses. For the first time, Chinese medicine advocates the establishment of a separate department for the treatment of women and children. In his works, he first discussed women's and children's medicine, explaining that it is "the meaning of respecting the roots."
He attaches great importance to maternal and child health care, and has written three volumes of Women's Prescription and two volumes of Children's Prescription, ranking first in Thousands of Women. Under his influence, medical workers in later generations generally paid attention to the research on the treatment technology of gynecological and pediatric diseases.
Sun Simiao attached great importance to the prevention of diseases, emphasized the view of prevention first, and insisted on the method of syndrome differentiation and treatment. He thinks that if people are good at taking care of their lives, they can avoid diseases. He advocated personal hygiene and sports health care, and put forward the idea of combining dietotherapy, medication, health preservation, nourishing and health care to prevent and treat diseases.
Sun Simiao attaches great importance to the study of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases. He made a detailed study of beriberi. First of all, he suggested that cooking porridge with Cooper peel could be prevented. The selected medicine for treating beriberi is rich in vitamin B 1, and the effect is very good. In the long-term practice, Sun Simiao also summed up the specific prescriptions for treating dysentery, tapeworm, night blindness and other diseases.
During his stay in Taibai Mountain, Sun Simiao personally collected medicinal materials and studied their medicinal properties. He thinks it is extremely important to collect herbs in time. In the early stage, the potential of herbs was not brought into play, and in the later stage, the potential of herbs was exhausted. According to rich pharmaceutical experience, the suitable harvest time of 233 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines was determined.
Sun Simiao also has a lot of research on acupuncture and moxibustion. He wrote the Map of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Tang Ming, and used acupuncture as an auxiliary therapy for drugs. He believes that "the way to be a good doctor must first diagnose the pulse prescription, then acupuncture, internal and external help, and the disease must be treated." Actively advocate comprehensive treatment of diseases.
In the process of studying medicine, Sun Simiao mixed sulfur, saltpeter and charcoal into powder to ignite an alchemist. This is the earliest gunpowder formula in the existing literature in China. In his book "Single Crystal Sulfur Covering Method", he described the production method of sulfur covering fire. ?
Sun Simiao also summed up the diagnosis method of a good doctor: "Although the desire for bravery is great, the desire for heart is small, although the desire for intelligence is round, the behavior is square." . "Boldness" is like a raft.
In clinical practice, Sun Simiao summed up many valuable experiences, such as "Ashi point" and "focusing on pain". He used animal liver to treat night blindness, sheep thyroid to treat endemic goiter, and milk, beans and bran to prevent beriberi.
For pregnant women, it is recommended that the residence be clean and quiet, keep the mood comfortable, and don't be nervous during childbirth; For the baby, it is recommended to feed regularly and quantitatively, usually windy and rainy, and not to wear too much clothes. These ideas still have practical significance today.
Sun Simiao has a profound study of classical medicine and attaches great importance to folk prescriptions. He devoted his life to medical clinical research and was proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, facial features, acupuncture and so on. Twenty-four achievements have created a precedent in China's medical history, especially in discussing medical ethics and advocating gynecology, pediatrics and acupoints.