one
sealing rod
1, water stop principle
Water-swellable waterstop is a new type of building waterproof material with self-adhesion synthesized by polymer, water-swellable material without opportunity, rubber and additives.
Water stop is to stop water by absorbing water and expanding, and then squeeze concrete to block the gap.
Specifications are generally 20×30mm or 50×50mm.
2. Advantages
Convenient construction and low price.
3. Shortcomings
The water-stop effect is not as good as that of water-stop hose and water-stop steel plate.
There are many unforeseen problems in the construction process. First, the reinforcement is not well placed. Second, the time is too long, which absorbs moisture and expands, affecting the effect; Third, the construction joints are uneven and have poor contact. Usually, the effect of this method is not ideal.
When the water stop is installed, the groove is too big to be effectively fixed, and too small to be embedded in place. When concrete is poured, it is easy to shift under the buoyancy of concrete.
4. Scope of application
It can be used in underground waterless buildings, generally used in secondary parts of buildings or parts with lax requirements, such as basement exterior walls and foundation rafts above the groundwater level, mainly to prevent capillary water in soil layers.
It is not suitable for the roof of underground garage with covered soil or planted soil on the ground.
two
waterstop
Commonly used rubber waterstop models include: 65 1 rubber waterstop, embedded rubber waterstop, externally attached rubber waterstop, steel edge rubber waterstop, water-swellable rubber waterstop, P-type waterstop, pvc plastic waterstop and water-stop steel plate.
According to the use situation, it can be divided into embedded rubber water stop and back-attached rubber water stop.
According to the appearance, it can be divided into CB-type waterstop (which refers to the embedded waterstop with a hole in the middle), CP-type waterstop (which refers to the embedded waterstop without a hole in the middle), EP-type waterstop (also known as the externally attached waterstop or the back attached waterstop, which refers to the externally attached waterstop with a hole in the middle) and EB-type waterstop (also known as the externally attached waterstop or the back attached waterstop).
The commonly used specifications of rubber water stop are 300×6, 300×8, 300× 10, 350×8, 400× 10mm, etc. The commonly used model is embedded 65 1.
1, water stop principle
Make and install waterstops to prevent water from penetrating, with widths ranging from 200 to 350. According to the design choice, the seepage diameter is appropriately enlarged. In the process of concrete pouring, it is partially or completely embedded in concrete, which has certain strength and toughness, and is between the water stop and the water stop steel plate.
2. Advantages
The waterproof material has good elasticity, wear resistance, aging resistance and tear resistance, strong deformation adaptability and good waterproof performance, and the temperature range is -45℃ ~+60℃.
3. Shortcomings
There are many sharp stones and sharp steel bars in concrete. Because the tearing strength of plastic and rubber is 3 ~ 5 times lower than the tensile strength, once the water stop is punctured or torn, the crack will expand without great external force. Therefore, in the process of water stop positioning and concrete pouring, attention should be paid to the positioning method and pouring pressure to avoid the water stop being punctured and affecting the water stop effect.
When pouring concrete, the water stop is soft, easy to deform, not straight, and the upper and lower widths are difficult to control. If the lead wire is tied to the steel bar, the water stop will be damaged.
4. Scope of application
The choice of water stop should be determined according to the important grade of structure, deformation of deformation joint, water pressure, working environment and economic factors.
It is generally used for vertical water sealing in waterproof parts, such as construction joints, settlement joints and expansion joints of post-poured strip or slab-wall structures with large settlement deformation.
The methods of fixing the water stop include additional reinforcement, special fixture, lead wire and formwork.
If perforation is needed, only the installation area at the edge of the water stop should be selected, and other parts should not be damaged.
If field connection is required, the electric heating plate can be vulcanized or cold bonded (rubber water stop) or welded (plastic water stop).
Water stop construction shall not be exposed in the open air for a long time to prevent rain and contact with highly polluting chemicals;
During transportation and construction, prevent machinery and steel bars from damaging the water stop;
During construction, the water stop must be reliably fixed to avoid displacement during concrete pouring and ensure the correct position of the water stop in concrete.
Sandao water stop steel plate
Definition of water-stop steel plate: horizontal members and vertical members of building basement cannot be poured at one time. Under normal circumstances, horizontal construction joints shall be left at a distance of 300mm from the foundation slab, and water-stop steel plates shall be placed at the construction joints. The water-stop steel plate is generally 400mm wide, and the new and old concrete are embedded in half.
The specifications and models of steel plate water stop mainly include 200×2mm, 200×3mm, 300×2mm, 300×3mm, 350×2mm, 350×3mm, 400×4mm, 450×4mm, etc.
1, water stop principle
The joint between new and old concrete is called construction joint, which belongs to the weak link of waterproof concrete. After adding the water-stop steel plate, water can't seep in when it meets the water-stop steel plate along the gap between new and old concrete, and the water-stop steel plate plays a role in cutting off the seepage path.
Even if it permeates along the gap between the water-stop steel plate and concrete, the water-stop steel plate has a certain width, which also prolongs the infiltration path of water and can also play a waterproof role.
The "opening" of the water-stop steel plate faces the front, and the steel plate is closely combined with concrete. The splayed steel plate makes it difficult for groundwater to penetrate from the steel plate along the construction joint.
2. Advantages
The connection part of steel plate water stop requires full welding, and the effect is of course very good.
3. Shortcomings
The cost is much higher and the construction speed is slower.
According to the specification, the wall thickness of shear wall with water-stop steel plate should not be less than 250㎜, and the clear distance between water-stop steel plate and steel bar is: wall thickness /2- outer protective layer thickness 50- wall two-way steel bar diameter; When the wall thickness is 250, 250/2-50-30 = 45mm2. The distance between the water-stop steel plate and the wall is small, and the concrete is easy to leak vibration in this part during construction, forming honeycomb holes. Therefore, when using water-stop steel plate, vibration must be strengthened at construction joints.
The weak links of this water stop measure are the overlapping part and the 90-degree corner part. It is very difficult to control the 90-degree fillet weld of steel plate, and it is easy to form water leakage points. The welding construction at the corner of steel plate should be controlled as the key link of this process.
4. Scope of application
Suitable for buildings with groundwater, such as pools and other buildings with water, buried in horizontal and vertical construction joints below the groundwater level.
The thickness of water-stop steel plate is generally 3㎜, the width is greater than 200 ㎜, and the length is generally processed into 3 meters long or 6 meters long, generally 3 meters, which is convenient for transportation.
During construction, try to ensure that the water stop steel plate is on the center line of the wall.
The welding between two steel plates shall be fully welded on both sides, and the overlap of steel plates shall not be less than 200mm.
The corner of the wall is usually treated by bending the whole steel plate, T-welding and 7-shaped welding.
The support welding of water-stop steel plate can be welded on the main reinforcement with small steel bars.
When the water-stop steel plate passes through the column stirrup, the stirrup can be disconnected, made into an open hoop and welded on the steel plate.
four
abstract
Through analysis and comparison, among the three water stop measures:
The water stop is cheap and easy to construct, and the water stop effect is the worst. Generally used for secondary waterproof parts above the groundwater level.
Water-stop steel plate has the highest price, the most difficult construction and the best water-stop effect. Generally, it is suitable for vertical and horizontal construction joints below the groundwater level, but it is not suitable for parts with large deformation due to its high stiffness.
The price, performance and construction difficulty of water-stop are between water-stop and water-stop steel plate, and the application scope is wide. Because of its toughness, it is more suitable for parts with large deformation and settlement deformation requirements.
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