; What do you mean, where is the hardware?

1. [Hardware; Gold, silver, copper, iron and tin. Later, gold, silver, copper, iron and tin were called hardware, which also referred to various metals.

Related literature:

Zhao Hanye's Biography of the Harmony between Wu and Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period: "I heard that Wang Yuan of Yue often made Ou Yezi use five swords ... a Zhan Lu, the shadow of hardware, and the essence of the sun."

Miracle's poem "Thank Yao Hui" in the Five Dynasties said: "The hardware is good, and the nine refinements are more refined." According to "Gold, Knife, Turtle, Shell" in Hanshu Shihuozhi, Yan Shigu notes: "Gold is also the gold of five colors. Yellow people say gold, white people say silver, red people say copper, green people say lead and black people say iron. "

Sun Yat-sen's Declaration on Promoting China: "Jin Fang is a strong neighbor, eyeing the eagle, and has long coveted the wealth of China's hardware, with many products."

2. This is also the general name of metal products. Such as: hardware store.

3. See "Five Zhu". Ancient coin name. A kind of elm pod money.

Jin Yuanhao asked Qian Gu: "Yu pod, whose text says' hardware' and one says' five Zhu', almost divides the word' baht' in two."

The origin of the word hardware

Modern Chinese Dictionary contains:

Hardware: refers to gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, and generally refers to metals.

Ci Hai contains:

Hardware: refers to gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, and is often used as a general term for metal or copper-iron products.

Ci Hai contains:

Hardware: Five kinds of metals. "The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue" and "Biography of He Lu": "It is said that Wang Yuan of Yue often makes Ou Yezi use five swords ... one Zhan Lu and one British hardware are the essence of the sun." According to the note of "Gold, Knife, Turtle and Shell" in Hanshu Food Records, "Gold is five-color gold, yellow is gold, white is silver, red is copper, green is lead, and black is iron." Later, gold, silver, copper, iron and tin were collectively referred to as hardware.

Hardware refers to gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, and hardware is the mother of industry; The products of national defense foundation-hardware materials are usually divided into two categories: big hardware and small hardware. Big hardware refers to steel plate, steel bar, flat iron, universal angle steel, channel steel, I-beam and all kinds of steel, while small hardware refers to building hardware, iron sheet, locking nails, iron wire, wire mesh, wire scissors, household hardware, various tools and so on. According to the nature and use of hardware, it should be divided into eight categories: iron and steel materials, non-ferrous metal materials, mechanical parts, transmission equipment, auxiliary tools, working tools, building hardware and household hardware.

The origin of hardware

What is "hardware"?

Hardware, as its name implies, refers to five kinds of metals. The word hardware first appeared in Wu Yue Chun Qiu He Lu Chuan: "I heard that the King of Yue often asked Ou Yezi to make five swords ... Zhan Lu, the king of hardware, is the essence of the sun." According to the notes of "Gold, Knife, Turtle and Shell" in Hanshu Food Records, "Gold is five-color gold, yellow is gold, white is silver, red is copper, green is lead and black is iron." Modern Chinese Dictionary explains that hardware refers to gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, and generally refers to metals. Today's hardware is often called metal or copper and iron products.

The further application of metals has played an important role in the development of human civilization and social history. Metal products appear in every corner of economic life, political life and military activities. For example, Yongkang, Zhejiang, has a reputation as "the hometown of all kinds of workers" since ancient times, and the hardware handicraft industry has a long history. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Yongkang coppersmith and blacksmith have traveled all over the north and south to make a living. There has long been a saying in history that "hardware craftsmen travel all over the world, and officials and counties cannot do without Kang".

History has entered the modern industrial society, and the hardware industry has developed rapidly. Hardware industry has played an inestimable role in the development of national economy, and hardware products have also become an indispensable industrial link in industrial manufacturing.

Second, hardware.

Traditional hardware products, also called "hardware". Refers to all kinds of metal devices made of iron, steel, aluminum and other metals through forging, calendering, cutting and other physical processing. For example, hardware tools, hardware accessories, daily hardware, construction hardware, security supplies. Most hardware products are not final consumer goods. But as supporting products, semi-finished products and tools used in industrial manufacturing and production. Only a few daily hardware products are necessary tools and consumer goods for people's lives.

In the classification of national economic industries by the National Bureau of Statistics, manufacturing is the third largest industry. These include: agricultural and sideline products, food and beverage, tobacco, textile and garment leather, wooden furniture, printing and cultural sports goods, pharmaceutical manufacturing and other means of subsistence; Manufacturing of means of production, such as petrochemical industry, chemical fiber, rubber and plastics, nonmetallic products, metal smelting and processing, metal products, general equipment, industry-specific equipment, transportation equipment, electrical equipment, communication electronics, etc.

Related products in the classification of metal products in manufacturing industry and common parts in the manufacture of general equipment constitute "hardware" in the usual sense. It can be seen that' hardware' is not an existing industry category, but a cross combination of the above metal products-hardware products. In the whole manufacturing industry, the responsibility of' hardware' is to provide parts and production tools for manufacturing enterprises, not as the final use of industry-specific equipment. Nevertheless, we can't deny the important role of "hardware" in the social production process: "hardware" and manufacturing are intertwined and inseparable.

Hardware development history

The hardware industry has developed rapidly. The most concentrated domestic market of traditional hardware industry is mainly concentrated in mechanical hardware, building hardware, decorative hardware and daily hardware. The industrial concentration trend of hardware industry is also obvious. At present, the domestic hardware industry is mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hebei, Shandong and other economically developed provinces. The products of traditional hardware enterprises are relatively simple, and many enterprises only make accessories and accessories for other manufacturing enterprises, which are highly dependent on manufacturing enterprises and slow to respond to market demand. Traditional hardware enterprises do not pay attention to the research and development of new products and the extension of the market, which leads to the lack of sustainable competitiveness of enterprises. Faced with more and more specialized market demand and fierce competition, many hardware enterprises that developed rapidly in the early stage felt powerless in the follow-up.

How to make enterprises have sustainable competitiveness is a topic that many hardware enterprises are thinking about. As a result, the concept of "big hardware manufacturing" is gradually mentioned by enterprises and experts in the hardware industry on various occasions, and the voice of integrating hardware-manufacturing industry is getting higher and higher. The hardware industry mainly changes the physical form of metal raw materials and processes and assembles them into products. As long as it is an industrial field with metal parts assembly as the main process, it belongs to the hardware industry. If we extend the concept of hardware manufacturing to the whole manufacturing field and think about the development of hardware industry from the height of manufacturing industry, the concept of "big hardware manufacturing" arises at the historic moment: from the mining and refining of metal materials, to the manufacturing of primary metal products, to the manufacturing of general production equipment, to the manufacturing of special equipment in various industries of the national economy, the production activities in this whole industrial chain can be called "big hardware manufacturing".

In recent years, in areas where the hardware industry is concentrated, such as Yongkang, Zhejiang, Foshan, Guangdong and other places, traditional hardware production enterprises have gradually realized forward and backward integration. Manufacturers that originally only produced hardware spare parts also set foot in the manufacture of large-scale mechanical equipment. Usually, enterprises in a region, from raw material processing to spare parts supply to finished product manufacturing, have also achieved strategic integration among enterprises. Hardware manufacturing enterprises also pay more attention to product research and development and technological innovation, and technological research and development also promotes the industrial upgrading of hardware enterprises. "Big hardware manufacturing" has become a common practice in industrial concentrated areas.

In fact, the transformation from small hardware to large hardware is the process from traditional hardware to modern hardware. The only choice is to rely on scientific and technological progress and take the road of rejuvenating the park and developing the industry through science and technology. How to integrate the resources of all parties in the hardware industry and make the hardware manufacturing industry more adapt to the development trend of economic globalization? The information integration function of the Internet provides the possibility for industry alliance: the emergence of industry e-commerce platform provides a trading platform that can span space for many enterprises, and it has become a trend to sell their products through the Internet. In 2004, B2B accounted for half of the most valuable commercial websites in China, and hardware websites were among the best.

Take Wuhan as an example

According to the hardware manual, hardware products, also known as metal products, mainly refer to hardware products made of nonferrous metals and ferrous metals for daily life and production (excluding mechanical manufacturing). Metal products in Wuhan have an early origin and many kinds, which is one of the traditional and pillar industries of handicraft industry.

The main industries of metal products in Qing Dynasty were bronze and iron, especially bronze. During the Kangxi period, Hankou had formed a huge bronze product industry; During the Jiaqing period, the iron industry developed to more than 5,000 people in 13 iron shop. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 1. 200 handicrafts of metal products in Wu, Yang and Xia towns, including bronzes, ironware, knives and scissors, stoves and tinware, accounting for about 1. 4 of all handicraft shops and workshops. Among them, besides 70% bronzes, there are 259 blacksmiths.

After the 1920s, according to the introduction of Hardware Manual, the metalwork industry in Wuhan has made new progress. In addition to the traditional copper and iron products, natural industries and products such as white iron, steelmaking, buttons, electroplating, copper and iron beds, badges, and casting pots have been added. By 1933, there were more than 300 households in the metal products industry. At that time, the bronze industry was in decline; The iron industry has developed greatly, with a total of 420 households, forming gangs such as literary gangs, martial gangs (miscellaneous stoves), knife gangs, file gangs, scissors gangs and razor gangs; Because 193 1 the eaves gutter needs to be repaired after the flood in Wuhan, the white iron industry has grown to 380 households and become a larger industry.

In addition to the famous "Hankou Bronze" at home and abroad at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, in the past century, Wuhan metalwork industry has created many traditional brand-name products with local characteristics. After the excavation in the early 1960s, Cao Zhengxing's kitchen knife, Hu Xingfa's razor, Pan Gantai's knife, Zhang Tongxing's medicine knife, Niu Tongxing's leather knife, Nie Xinglong's clock file, Luo Yishun's iron plane, Xi Xiangxing's axe, Yang Hexing's cone and meat cleaver, Li Santai's saw blade, Huang Xingfa's fish hook and other products were discovered. Since the 1970s, some have been eliminated, while others have lost their artistic skills and are unsustainable. Only Cao Zhengxing's kitchen knife and Xi Xiangxing's carpenter's tools can maintain production and development.

Hardware accessories play an important role in the export products of Wuhan Second Light Industry, and scissors were exported in 1950s. Later, kitchen knives, zippers, kerosene stoves, door locks and lighters entered the international market one after another. Wuhan is also one of the important bases for China to export hand tools. According to the hardware manual, since 1973, there have been 10 enterprises producing export tools. Wrenches, pliers, hacksaw bars, steel files and other products are sold to dozens of countries and regions. The quality of hacksaw bars, iron sand cloth, wood sandpaper, water sandpaper, sandpaper tray and floor sandpaper all reach or exceed the international level of similar products. 1979 to 1985, and the export value of hardware fittings is 30.63 million yuan.

Hardware product classification table

There are many kinds of hardware products with different specifications, but they play an irreplaceable role in home decoration. Choosing good hardware accessories can make many decorative materials safer and more convenient to use. At present, there are more than ten kinds of hardware products in the material market.

1, lock class

(1) external door lock (2) manual lock (3) drawer lock (4) spherical door lock (5) glass window lock (6) electronic lock (7) chain lock (8) anti-theft lock (9) bathroom lock (10) padlock (1655)

2, handle class

(1) Drawer handle (2) Cabinet door handle (3) Glass door handle

3. Door and window hardware

(1) hinge: glass hinge, corner hinge, bearing hinge (copper, steel) and pipe hinge (2) (3) track: drawer track, sliding door track, change wheel, glass pulley (4) pin (light or dark) (5) door suction (6) ground suction (3)

4, home decoration hardware category

(1) universal wheel (2) cabinet leg (3) door nose (4) air duct (5) stainless steel trash can (6) metal hook (7) bolt (8) curtain rod (copper, wood) (9) curtain rod lifting ring (plastic, steel) (10

5, plumbing hardware

(1) aluminum plastic pipe (2) tee (3) wire elbow (4) leak-proof valve (5) ball valve (6) splayed valve (7) straight-through valve (8) common floor drain (9) special floor drain for washing machine (10) original tape

6. Hardware for architectural decoration

(1) galvanized iron pipe (2) stainless steel pipe (3) plastic expansion pipe (4) rivet (5) cement nail (6) advertisement nail (7) mirror nail (8) expansion bolt (9) self-tapping screw (10) glass bracket (1655)

7. Tools

(1) hacksaw (2) hand saw blade (3) pliers (4) screwdriver (straight cross) (5) tape measure (6) wire cutters (7) needle-nosed pliers (8) oblique-nosed pliers (9) glass glue gun (10) straight handle twist drill (66

8. Bathroom hardware

(1) basin faucet (2) washing machine faucet (3) delay faucet (4) shower (5) soap dish rack, soap butterfly (6) single cup rack, single cup (7) double cup rack, double cup, (8) tissue holder (9) toilet brush holder, toilet brush (65438+. Multilayer shelf (13), towel rack (14), beauty mirror (15), mirror rack (16), soap dispenser (17), hand dryer.

9. Kitchen hardware and household appliances

(1) kitchen cabinet basket (2) kitchen cabinet pendant (3) sink, sink faucet (4) scrubber (5) range hood (Chinese style, European style) (6) gas stove (7) oven (electricity, gas) (8) water heater (electricity, gas) (9) pipeline, natural gas, gas. Disinfection cabinet (13) Yuba (14) exhaust fan (ceiling, window and wall type) (15) water purifier (16) skin dryer (17) food residue processor (/kloc-0)

The origin of door and window hardware

The most primitive form of window is taken from the slightly changed doorway form, which is used for lighting and resisting outdoor bad weather. At this time, the window materials are very rich, from parchment to goatskin, from ox horn slices to linseed oil paper-in fact, any translucent and light-transmitting material can be used to make windows. 165438+In the 20th century, with the construction of Christian churches and the application of a large number of stained glass, the role of windows became a decorative art to render religious mystery. /kloc-Before the end of 0/7th century, the "lattice window" was limited by glass making, and only a small piece of glass needed to be embedded according to the outline of the lattice fan. So at this time, the role of the window is only to prevent wind and rain and prevent thieves from invading. Until the late17th century, with the progress of the times and the industrial production of glass, the relationship between man and nature changed. People realize that windows should also be purely functional-not just for lighting, viewing and shelter from the wind and rain. During this period, the British invented the straight vertical hinged window (that is, the casement window); The Dutch invented the hanging window (that is, the up-down window), and the sliding of the hanging window in the vertical direction is controlled by the pulley device. It marks the birth of "hardware system for doors and windows".

The goal and function of hardware system in the development of aluminum alloy door and window system

With the continuous development of architectural form and functional requirements, the requirements for door and window curtain walls are getting higher and higher. In order to meet the requirements of architecture, it is necessary to reconsider the role of hardware system technology in door and window design. It seems simple, but it's not. This requires careful planning, guidance and a lot of energy and financial resources to achieve such design goals. The development and design of hardware system should have certain adaptability and flexibility. In the process of design and development, "architectural factors" and "human factors" should be fully considered. Make it decorative, functional, safe, convenient and comfortable, and meet the requirements of architectural design.

As for the ultimate goal of aluminum alloy door and window system development and design-a new door and window form, only when the designer has a complete and clear design concept in his mind can a clear door and window form be produced. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, designers must trace their problems back to the original functional factors and find some patterns in them. Only when we understand our goals and design standards can we develop the system. Therefore, the system development of doors and windows and the selection or development of hardware for doors and windows are closely related and complement each other. More importantly, the wind pressure deformability, water tightness, air tightness, heat preservation, sound insulation, internal deformability, opening and closing, vertical load and repeated opening and closing of doors and windows are all related to the hardware system, which plays a decisive role in the performance of doors and windows, just as Professor Li Chi Ngai, an expert in the door and window industry, advocates that "hardware accessories are not supporting roles, but the heart of doors and windows".

Diversification of hardware system for doors and windows

With the development of architectural design concept, window system technology and mechanical materials industry, the category of architectural hardware has also developed from the traditional simple form to functional and professional. Doors and windows will have more vitality, and the connection of energy-saving system, lighting system and ventilation system with doors and windows will make hardware have more accurate functional characteristics and good adaptability to doors and windows related systems. Various hardware systems have emerged as the times require, such as the common forms in the market at present: external flat hardware, internal flat hardware, internal open hardware, internal inverted hardware, central hanging window hardware (vertical hanging rotation), external hanging window hardware, push-pull hardware, external flat pushing hardware, internal oblique translation hardware, electric hardware, intelligent electric hardware, folding opening hardware, lifting hardware, ventilation and ventilation device, etc.

The following is an analysis of the ventilation function of doors and windows, showing the prospect and diversification of door and window hardware. The 2002 edition of "Technical Assessment Manual for Ecological Residential Buildings in China" requires that "when doors and windows are opened, the indoor conditions should be transparent and flowing, and more than 90% of the indoor space should be naturally ventilated" (a necessary condition). The Technical Essentials of Healthy Housing Construction compiled by National Housing and Living Environment Engineering Center 200 1 requires that "the residential space should be naturally ventilated, and there is no dead angle of ventilation" and "the harm of air pollution to human health should be prevented, and the invasion of pathogens and harmful substances in indoor air should be stopped. During winter heating and summer air conditioning, there should be indoor fresh air exchange and supplementary equipment. " What the above requirements indicate is to make full use of natural ventilation. Door and window ventilation needs supporting hardware to control the opening direction of window sash to adjust the wind direction, wind speed and air intake. Its side effects are heat loss, increasing the burden of building energy consumption, and air carrying impurities and mosquitoes and flies into the room. In winter and summer, the indoor temperature changes rapidly with ventilation. In summer, the leakage of cold air leads to indoor heating, and in winter, it leads to rapid and large loss of indoor heat. The heat change accompanied by indoor and outdoor air flow is an important reason for energy consumption, accounting for about 20% of building energy consumption. Considering the ventilation time, the window blower is often turned on and off immediately. If the hardware design of window ventilation with filter device is adopted, although the effect of timely ventilation is not obvious, it can be continuously ventilated and the indoor temperature changes slowly, which is more suitable for the needs of comfort and health. Therefore, by carefully designing windows through the combination of hardware systems, good natural ventilation effect can be achieved.

Selection of hardware

Because most domestic door and window systems are imported from Europe, such as Xu Ge system, Arrouk system and European standard system. Among them, the first two are unique door and window system technologies independently developed, and their hardware supporting slots are special slots, which are not universal and have no selectivity in hardware accessories, so their supporting products must be used. The doors and windows of Eurostandard system adopt the supporting notches of Eurostandard hardware. There are many supporting manufacturers in Europe, and users have many choices of hardware brands, with wide application range, good versatility and high market share.

Because most of the aluminum alloy interior window series on the market in China adopt Euro 20 notch, this paper introduces some points that should be paid attention to when selecting hardware.

1. Check the notch system of the door and window system and select the corresponding hardware.

2. Determine the opening form (such as flat opening or inverted opening) according to the use function and actual situation of the window. ).

3. Select the hardware corresponding to the slot of the system. Because the European standard slots are divided into different types according to the size and weight of the specific window sash, the slot number should be determined first when choosing.

4. When choosing hinges or hinges, we should pay attention to whether the maximum bearing capacity meets the use conditions of window sash under the premise of corresponding notches.

5. Consider the decoration of the hardware handle.

6. If the window sash size is too high, a locking mechanism should be added at the hinge side. So as to ensure various performance indexes of the window.

Only through high-quality hardware system and well-designed door and window profile system can we combine high-quality door and window products: this seems simple, but it is not the case. This requires close cooperation between door and window companies and hardware enterprises, careful design, and a lot of energy and financial resources to achieve the design purpose.

Yongkang, the Capital of Hardware in China

China Hardware Capital (China Hardware Town) Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province is located in the middle of Zhejiang Province. It is a well-known distribution center of China hardware products at home and abroad, and is known as "Hardware craftsmen go everywhere, and the county can't live without health".

Yongkang hardware has a long history, which can be traced back to the era of the Yellow Emperor 5000 years ago. The Yellow Emperor once lived and lived in Shicheng Mountain, south of Yongkang, refining alchemy and casting the tripod of the Yellow Emperor. Since then, smelting has sown seeds on Yongkang's land and has continued. Since the Song Dynasty, there have been many coppersmith and blacksmith in Yongkang. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were 20,000 Yongkang craftsmen who made a living outside the country, and their footprints were all over the country, inside and outside the Great Wall.

In recent years, Yongkang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have implemented the strategy of scientific and technological hardware, and the industrious and simple Yongkang people have been bathed in the spring breeze of reform and opening up, constantly innovating, and the hardware industry has jumped out of the circle of traditional hardware, gradually realized the combination with modern technology, and appeared extraordinary and rolling development. Hardware industry has become the pillar industry of Yongkang economy.

Yongkang has a developed industry and an active non-public economy, and the private economy accounts for nine-tenths of the city's total economic output. Focusing on industries such as "hardware, machinery, walking tractors, diesel engines, power tools, weighing instruments, nonferrous metal smelting, auto parts and accessories, household appliances and fine chemicals", a modern industrial system with relatively complete categories has basically taken shape. China Science and Technology Hardware City has become the largest distribution center of hardware products with complete functions and strong radiation in China, and will gradually become the national hardware technology development, research and pilot base, hardware product information center and technology exchange center. The hardware science and technology industrial park under construction will inject new vitality into the rapid development of Yongkang economy.

By the end of June 2000, there were 26,000 individual and private enterprises, 2,365,438 individual industrial and commercial households and 2,848 private enterprises in the city, ranking first in Jinhua. From June 2000 to June 2000, the output value of private enterprises was 9.55 billion yuan, and the tax paid was 1 1.53 million yuan, an increase of 197.8% over the same period. Among them, the number and total output value of hardware machinery enterprises account for more than 80% of the total and total output value of industrial enterprises in the city, and there are more than 20,000 kinds of hardware products (including 1.200 foreign exchange earning products), including electric tools, daily hardware, building hardware, household hardware, hardware tools and garden tools, ranging from automobiles, agricultural vehicles, tractors and motorcycles to spoons, faucets, thermos cups and scooters. In particular, security doors, power tools, modified agricultural transport vehicles, copper calendering, packaging steel drums, auto parts, scales and their accessories, stainless steel products, thermos cups and "Yongkang Four Knives" (files, scissors, kitchen knives and planers) have all become fist products with local characteristics, enjoying a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets.

Facing the historical opportunity of China's entry into WTO and the development of the western region, Yongkang has also directly established a hardware market in the western region and border ports. At present, the hardware sales network led by China Hardware City in Yongkang, Zhejiang Province is taking shape all over the country, and gradually begins to extend overseas. All kinds of hardware products at home and abroad flocked to Yongkang, which established the leading position of China Hardware City in China hardware wholesale market. Yongkang hardware has truly realized the transformation from small hardware to big hardware, and is heading for the era of network economy with unprecedented development trend!

Yong China hardware capital

Merchants from all directions came here and hardware products went overseas.

Dragon and tiger leap forward today to win the past, and the prosperity will be even more ambitious.

Jinsha, the capital of daily hardware in China.

Hardware is a pillar industry in Jingsha, Foshan, and one of the traditional pillar industries in Nanhai District, with an output value accounting for more than 80% of the total industrial output value of the town. At present, there are more than 1 000 hardware enterprises in the town, accounting for more than 70% of the total industrial enterprises in the town, mainly concentrated in the north area of South China hardware industry base. According to market research, the market share of Jinsha hardware products is about 20% in the domestic market, 40% in Guangdong Province, and nearly 50% are directly or indirectly exported to Europe, America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and other places. After decades of continuous development, Jinsha has become the largest hardware production base in South China, a famous hardware town in China, and the "Capital of Daily Hardware in China".

The banyan effect of hardware strengthening town

In recent years, with the help of the town government, Jinsha's hardware industry has developed from a small enterprise with a dozen people to a medium-sized enterprise with dozens or even hundreds of people. The quality and grade of products have been greatly improved. Not only that, brand strategy and brand effect have achieved remarkable results. Nowadays, the credibility of Jinsha Hardware in the eyes of customers is getting higher and higher. "Making hardware and going to Jinsha" has become the consensus of many businesses, and hardware companies have rushed to Jinsha.

The rapid development of the hardware industry has also bred a mature iron market, a supply chain of hardware products and accessories, a perfect logistics industry and a large number of skilled workers in the hardware industry. Tangible hardware markets such as South China Hardware Exchange Market and Jinsha Iron Material City have also risen in succession. With the launch of brands such as "South China Hardware" and "Jinsha Hardware", the image of the hardware industry in this town has been further established, and its popularity has increased, forming a hardware industrial and commercial atmosphere with equal emphasis on hardware production and market gathering.

These unique advantages even produced the "banyan effect", which made many hardware owners agree that "making hardware in Jinsha will be successful". The "banyan effect" has attracted and promoted the vigorous development of cookware and lighting industry. At present, more than 50 enterprises in Jinsha have developed and produced lighting products and accessories. After learning that the lighting industry in Jinsha has developed rapidly, some enterprises inside and outside the province have also begun to seize the beach and share the aggregation effect of the lighting industry. Now, lighting products of internationally renowned brands such as OSRAM, Philips and Panasonic are also produced here and sell well all over the world.

Why does Jinsha have hardware soaring?

"The rapid development of Jinsha hardware industry is inseparable from the perfect service platform built by Jinsha government for enterprises." Guo Zejun, the boss of Jingsha Pinyi Lighting Co., Ltd., said with emotion. With the technical help of the technicians in the Innovation Center, Pinyi's technology has become more and more exquisite and its business has become more and more extensive. More than 30 well-known domestic lighting companies have come to their doors, scrambling to subscribe for "Pinyi" lighting products, and even internationally renowned brands such as Panasonic have thrown "olive branches" at them. Guo Zejun proudly said: "Now it is Pinyi who chooses customers, not customers who choose Pinyi."