In the Song Dynasty, the Zhongshu Gate was set up in Miyagi, which was the highest authority of the central government and the deputy prime ministers to collectively handle government affairs, or the government affairs hall. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, officials of Zhongshumen said that this was a matter of making peace with Zhongshumen. In order to decentralize the power of the prime minister, the deputy prime minister was added to participate in government affairs. In Song Dynasty, Shen Zong Zhao specialized in Yuan Feng's reform of the official system and abolished Zhongshu, and divided his functions and powers into three provinces: Men, Zhongshu and Shangshu, with Shangshu as the prime minister and Zhongshu as the assistant minister, followed by Men, Zhongshu as the assistant minister and Shangshu as the deputy prime minister. Song Huizong is, Cai Jing is the prime minister, claiming to be a surname, always in charge of the affairs of the three provinces of Menmen, Zhongshu and Shangshu, and changed the servants around Shangshu to be the prime minister. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the left and right servants were the left and right prime ministers, and the participation in politics was the vice minister. When Yuan □ was established, the military affairs of Pingzhang were important or in the same position as Pingzhang's, so as to be an "old minister in charge of morality", ranking above the prime minister once every few days, and it was not until Asahi that he was in the capital. In Song Ningzong, Han Zhou was appointed as the "State Affairs of Pingzhang Army", and once every three days, the Prime Minister stopped printing. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao was in power, and he was appointed as a "military official". In fact, the left and right prime ministers have been relegated to positions similar to those of deputy prime ministers. The Privy Council, established in the Song Dynasty, is the highest institution in charge of national military and political affairs. The Fanyuan and Zhongshumen are opposite to Zhang Wen and the five springs, and are called the "two houses" of things. Its chief officials are called parliamentary envoys or privy council officials, and its deputy chief officials are called parliamentary assistants or privy council officials.
The highest institution in charge of finance was called "three divisions" in the early Northern Song Dynasty, namely, salt and iron division, branch division and household division. Its chief officer is called the third secretary, which is the so-called "phase plan" Song Shenzong reformed the official system, abolished the three departments, and transferred most of their functions and powers to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. In the Southern Song Dynasty, a consulate general was added to provide money and food for several armies and participate in military and political affairs. Its first mate called "a certain treasure and money and grain as the general manager of the army", referred to as the general manager for short.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the prime minister was in charge of civil affairs, the Tang envoy was in charge of military and political affairs, and the third secretary was in charge of finance. After the official system reform in Song Shenzong, the Prime Minister actually took charge of finance. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the prime minister also served as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, in charge of military and political affairs. In this way, the prime minister once again mastered the civil affairs, finance and military and political power.
The institution responsible for supervision is Yushitai, whose chief officer is Yushicheng, and the deputy chief officer is Yushi, who is responsible for picketing officials and maintaining law and order. Officials in Taiwan Province have the right to impeach. They can talk about things, comment on state affairs, impeach officials and allow "news" to discuss things. The organization that specializes in admonition and satire is the admonition association. Zhao Zhen, a Song Renzong, began to build a separate hospital. His boss said he knew what was going on in the hospital, or he persuaded the gentleman. Any lack of political affairs, official dereliction of duty, and violation of government regulations at all levels can be corrected. Officials who remonstrate in Taiwan all take impeachment as their own responsibility, and there is little difference in their powers and responsibilities, which leads to the confluence of remonstrance in Taiwan in later generations.
The institution drafting imperial edicts, pardons, credentials and documents for the emperor is Hanlin Academy, which consists of Hanlin Academy, Hanlin Academy and Zhixue Scholar's Academy. Bachelor Hanlin, together with China calligrapher or Zhi Zhi patent, is divided into "internal system" and "external system", collectively referred to as "two systems". Bachelor Hanlin and others also served the emperor as consultants.
The highest judicial institutions in the early Song Dynasty were Dali Temple and the Ministry of Punishment. When Zhao was here, there was a "trial court". The person in charge said that he knew the affairs of the trial court and his officials had a detailed discussion officer. Cases from all over the country are finalized by Dali Temple, submitted to the court for review, drafted and submitted to the Chinese book. Song Shenzong reformed the official system, and the trial court was merged into the Ministry of Punishment.
There are six provinces, namely, Menxia Province, Zhongshu Province and Shangshu Province, as well as six departments of officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, honorary governors of the three provinces were rarely appointed, and an official was appointed to judge the affairs of this province. In the six departments under the jurisdiction of Shangshu Province, one or two officials have been appointed to judge the affairs of the department, regardless of their posts, and some new institutions have been set up to divide most of the functions and powers of each department. For example, the Imperial Examinations Institute is the authority of the official department to examine the officials of the Beijing Dynasty, the Taichang Institute and the Etiquette Institute are the authority of the Ritual Department, the Third Division is the authority of the Ministry of Housing and Industry, and the Imperial Examiners are the authority of the Criminal Department to examine the cases of Dali Temple. It was not until Song Shenzong reformed the official system, replaced the Zhongshumen with three provinces, and each of the six departments set up ministers and assistant ministers to take charge of their own affairs that the three provinces and six departments exercised their corresponding functions and powers.
In the Song Dynasty, local government agencies implemented a state (government, army and prison) and county-level system (see government, state, army and prison). Following the system of the early Song Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, the whole country is divided into more than ten roads. In Song Taizong, it was transferred to the road, which was under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, higher than the counties (see the road system in Song Dynasty). Song Shenzong Yuanfeng eight years (1085) was divided into twenty-three roads. In the early period of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were traffic envoys and some prisons in each road, and some roads often had peace envoys, each with an official position to handle affairs. The appeasement department, commonly known as "Shuai Si", is also the most important governor of Luzhou, in charge of military and political affairs along the way, as well as civil affairs, justice and finance. The transshipment department, commonly known as "Cao Si", is in charge of land and water transshipment, finance and taxation, and also in charge of justice and civil affairs. When it comes to the Criminal Prison Department, commonly known as the "Constitutional Department", it is in charge of justice and finance all the way. In Song Shenzong, I was promoted to Changping, commonly known as Cangsi, in charge of Changping, Yicang, Exemption, Shiyi, Fangchang, Du He and Water Conservancy. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it merged with Tea Salt Promotion Company to increase the management of tea salt. In addition, there are pits, smelting, tea horses, city ships and other departments, Cao, Cang, Xian and other departments are collectively called supervisors. The supervision department is known as "outside Taiwan" and has the function of supervision, with considerable power.
States (government, army, prison) are directly under the imperial court, and the imperial court appoints officials from Beijing and North Korea to manage state and county affairs, that is, "knowing a state's military affairs", that is, knowing a state can report directly to the imperial court, with more literati and frequent changes. In addition to the well-known, it is set up to "judge a state's military affairs" and lead state affairs, dealing with matters such as soldiers, people, money, accounts, taxes and prison litigation. , the text and well-known co-signed. Its official is Cao Shenjun, including clerks, clerks, judges and managers. The clerk joined the army to take charge of state affairs and picket Cao Ji's violations; Our family joined the army to be responsible for household registration, tax service and warehouse acceptance; Judicial participation in the army is responsible for discussing the law and sentencing; The manager joined the army and was responsible for interrogating prison procedures. In addition, there are curtain officials such as section secretaries, judges and officials, as well as professors of Chinese studies.
Every county has a magistrate or county magistrate, as well as Cheng, Chief Booklet, Commandant, etc. In the early Song Dynasty, the county was decided to be the length of a county. Later, officials in Beijing and North Korea often called it a county magistrate, and those who slaughtered counties were chosen as county magistrates. The magistrate or county magistrate is in charge of a county's civil affairs, justice and finance. If there is a garrison, it is also supervised or detained by military forces. At the beginning of the establishment of Song Renzong, the county was to select candidates to fill this position. After that, officials from Beijing and North Korea filled Xiancheng, which was called Zhixian City. Cheng is the deputy magistrate of this county. The main book is in charge of the county cashier's official business, and the main book is cancelled. The rank of commandant is under the main book and the salary is the same. He was responsible for reading archers and maintaining law and order, and was later ordered to patrol and catch illegal tea, salt and alum.
In Song Dynasty, officials, posts and posts were separated. In the early Song Dynasty, official ranks were composed of six official names from three provinces in the Tang Dynasty. They were only used to determine official ranks, salaries, clothes and rank, so they were also called "rank officials" or "boarding officials". When Song Shenzong reformed the official system, civil servants (officials from Beijing and North Korea) were set at the 25th level, while Song Huizong was increased to the 37th level (including candidates), and military attache was also set at the 52nd level. Dispatch refers to the position actually held by an official, that is, a "career official".
Names of Zhao Wen Museum, History Museum, Jixian Academy, Secret Pavilion, etc. "University", "Bachelor" and "Zhi Dai" are lofty titles awarded to senior officials. The separation of officials, posts and factions has led to the emergence of a large number of redundant staff.
In the Song Dynasty, civil servants were also divided into three categories according to their official ranks: "state and county officials", "Beijing officials" and "court officials". The post of county official, also known as candidate selection, is the floorboard of junior civil servants. Its guards have four grades and seven orders, namely, the second envoy, the subordinate officer, the rank record and the judge. In Song Huizong, it was changed to seven orders, namely from Chengzhilang to Di Gong Lang. Jing Guan is a general term for junior civil servants who are slightly higher than candidates and do not often participate in it. His dispatched officers have five orders, from Cheng Wulang to Lang. Song Shenzong's official system reform abolished the title of Beijing official and changed it to "above the city.". Ascending to the imperial court is a general term for middle-and high-ranking civil servants who can attend the court meetings and banquets. Their guards have 25 orders, just like knowing Lang to Kaifu Yitong. Candidates who pass the examination and have a certain number of candidates recommended by the principal can be promoted to the Beijing-DPRK official after reaching a certain number of examinations (one examination per year). In Beijing and North Korea, it is an important event for every official to choose a person for promotion. Military attaché s are also divided into envoys, secretaries and Yokozuna according to their ranks. In addition, our time has extended to the Secretariat, which has actually become another official level.
In the Song Dynasty, some additional official titles of the previous generation were retained, such as Sanjie, Jazz, Food City, Hero and Proofreader, which all became honorary titles. There are twelve kinds of princes, heirs, sons in various counties, and county kings of founders. As long as the official funds and qualifications are qualified, more than 200 households will be given to the food city of 10000 households. And the official qualification passed, giving food to more than 100 households to 1000 households. Each grain is sealed to one household, and the daily fee is 25, which will be charged together with the monthly salary. There are twelve meritorious officers, including Commandant Shangguzhou, Commandant Zhu Guozhi and Commandant Yun Qi, and Commandant Wu Qiwei. Nineteen proofreaders, such as Taishi, Taiwei, Taifu, Taibao and Situ. Civil servants were appointed as Tang envoys, and they all brought proofreaders Qiu and Taifu.
At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the official system followed the Tang system, and there were nine kinds of civil servants, such as upright, subordinate and self-upright, and they were divided into upper and lower levels, totaling 30 kinds. However, official products and official positions are not commensurate. Song Shenzong's official system reform, justified, clear responsibilities and rights, lowered the level of official products, changed to nine products and eighteen products.
The imperial court has formulated laws for officials at all levels, such as grinding (assessing merits and demerits), relocation and compensation. The system of moving by year was abolished in the early Song Dynasty. In Song Taizong, there are two courts, namely, the examiner's court and the examiner's court, which are responsible for the examination of officials from Beijing, North Korea and counties. The official system reform of Zongshen in Song Dynasty set up four official departments: writing, examiner and dispatching. Zhao Hengshi of Song Zhenzong also stipulated that civil servants (officials of Beijing and North Korea) should serve for three years, military and political ministers should be promoted once every four years (later changed to five years), and the curtain county officials should also be sharpened when they are changed to officials of Beijing and North Korea. Since then, in order to reduce redundant staff, strict conditions have been stipulated, such as extending the reconnaissance period, stipulating the method of transfer, limiting the number of personnel who transfer officials every year and increasing the number of supervisors. There are many standards for polishing. Assess the supervision department with "seven things" such as raising officials, persuading farmers to cultivate mulberry and increasing the intensity of land reclamation. The "four virtues" are moral integrity, honesty, fairness and diligence. "There is no justice in prison proceedings, and it is the most important thing to deal with. Farming, planting mulberry and building water conservancy are the best ways to persuade classes; Screening out thieves, the people can find a place to live, help the poor and help the poor, and do not move rashly. The governors of counties and counties are assessed as the most "three most". The assessment is divided into three grades, five of the seven items are listed as excellent, three are medium, and less than two are poor. The imperial court decided to be promoted according to the performance appraisal of officials. Among them, domination, attendants, civil servants in Qing dynasty and imperial examinations have priority, and they can be promoted beyond capital, and the rest can only be transferred to officials by capital. Military attaché s with military merit, from Wu Yilang to above, will be transferred to two officers for every officer promoted. In case of suburban or Ming sacrifices, the birthday of the emperor, and the appointment of his official position, upper-middle officials can also supplement the official titles of their relatives and guests or send them away. For example, it is recorded in the Qingyuan Law that in case of a big gift, the prime minister can make up more than ten people, the consul can make up eight people, and our time can make up six people.
In the Song Dynasty, the upper-middle officials were well paid, including salary, professional field, memorial service and reward. Salaries are divided into regular salaries, supplementary salaries, salaries, millet, clothes (clothes in spring and summer, cotton in winter), clothes for people (attendants), food, tea, wine, kitchen materials, firewood and grass. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the prime minister and emissary received a monthly salary of 300 yuan (about 6,700 to 1,000 yuan per meter), while Lu Su received a monthly salary of 100 yuan, 40 silks for spring clothes and winter clothes, 120 yuan for winter cotton and 70 people for food and clothing. Give them 1200 bales every month, and give them 1600 scales of charcoal and 7 stone salts every year, so the monthly salary is 400 yuan. The lowest paid officials are officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, such as Ying, Tang, Fu Zhou, etc., with a monthly salary of only 300, and Lu Su, who is "in the Inner Yellow Gate", is just a stone. Song Shenzong reformed the official system, and set up official and official respectively. The salary of official was decided by official, which was called "salary". In Beijing, professional officials are paid "professional money", ranging from 100 to 14 every month, from the history of the empire to Yin in Kaifeng. Some professional officials in Beijing spend money on other jobs besides the expected money. Among them, the rank of rank officer is also taken care of, and the salary is slightly increased or decreased. Generally, these salaries are paid at half cash and half discount, and many officials can also withdraw public funds (minister's money). Foreign local officials are also assigned to professional fields, ranging from 30 to 40 hectares to 120 hectares. After Song Shenzong, some officials who have stepped down or are about to step down have also been granted or invited to hold the posts of temple officials and temple officials, and have been dubbed as "Ci Lu". In addition, various temporary rewards from the imperial court have also become another important economic income for officials.
According to the observation in the state, the printing plate is designed to monitor printing, and the license plate is taken for printing.