Tsinghua University must be the dream of many candidates. As one of the top universities in my country, it must be difficult to enter. Let’s take a look!
In 2017, the national school-age population was 19.09 million, but only 6,598 people were admitted to Tsinghua University, a proportion of 0.03%, or three out of 10,000. In terms of the national average admission rate, admission to Tsinghua and Peking University is definitely one in a million. This is the national average. However, when it comes to individual provinces, the admission rate is even lower.
As can be seen from the table, Beijing has the highest admission rate, which has also reached 0.9%, which is at least one of the best. Then is Shanghai, with an admission rate of 0.4%. The third place is Tianjin with 0.2%. The three municipalities directly under the Central Government took advantage of the college entrance examination. The provinces that reached 0.1% include Zhejiang Province and Jilin Province. The lowest provinces are:
Guizhou Province 0.034%
Guangdong Province 0.036%
Guangxi, 0.046%
Henan Province 0.046 %
Anhui Province 0.047%
Jiangxi Province 0.05%
The admission rates in these provinces are all 3 per 1,000, and the Tsinghua University and Peking University exams are more difficult than those in Beijing 30 times. The lowest is Guizhou, which is not the most populous province in China, but Guangdong, which is the most populous province in China. So what exactly determines the admission ratio of Tsinghua and Peking University in each province? Legend has it that it was the Gengzi indemnity, and the ratio of the Gengzi indemnity determines the enrollment ratio in each province. Let me tell you about it.
The proportion of each province’s share of the Boxer Indemnity compensation.
What is the Boxer Indemnity? In 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion in China during the Gengzi period, the Qing Dynasty and the Eight-Power Allied Forces went to war, which led to the armed intervention of the Eight-Power Allied Forces. The Eight-Power Allied Forces occupied Bauhinia City. On the morning of September 7, 1901, Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang, plenipotentiary representatives of the Qing court, signed the "Xinchou Treaty" with representatives of 11 countries.
Article 6 of the "Xin Chou Treaty" was agreed upon, clearing the government of compensation for the eight countries Russia, Germany, France, Britain, the United States, Japan, Italy, Austria and six countries including Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Sweden and Norway. The military expenditure and losses of the "victimized country" were 450 million taels of silver. The period of compensation was from 1902 to 1940, with an annual interest of 4%. The total principal and interest was 980 million taels, which was the "Gengzi compensation". Among them, Russia spent the most to send troops to Manchuria, so it received the largest amount of more than 130.37 million taels. China's population at that time was about 45,000 people, and each Chinese was allocated about one tael of silver in the Boxer Indemnity.
This is to deliberately humiliate the Chinese people. If no one in each province actually compensates one yuan, then Tsinghua’s enrollment ratio today will be drastically changed. Admissions are basically based on population proportion. It’s not the ratio of candidates. There is basically no big difference in the admission ratio between provinces. For example, if Beijing admits 1 student, Guangdong will admit 5 students. If based on the ratio of candidates, Beijing will admit 1, and Guangdong will need to admit 20. Without further ado, let’s look at the Boxer Reparations.
Russia has the largest distribution ratio among various countries, accounting for 28.97%, Germany 20.02%, France 15.75%, Britain 11.25%, Japan 7.73%, the United States 7.32%, Italy 5.91%, and the rest are 1.89%. Less than 1%. Among them, the United States took 661,000 taels, accounting for 7.32%.
Since 1909, the United States has refunded part of the excess capital and profits as a fund for studying in the United States. In early 1911, the Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States was formally established using Geng Geng funds specifically to train students studying in the United States. After the Qing Dynasty, the government continued to use the Boxer Indemnity to select foreign students. The famous Tsinghua Academy, one of the three major study abroad reserves, was established. Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States takes American money, Henan Preparatory School for Studying in the United States pays for it out of Henan's own pocket, and the other two major preparatory schools: Henan Preparatory School for Studying in the United States, and Nanyang Institute of Technology (Jiaotong University)
This is Henan University and The most recent one from a top school. So what is the proportion of Boxer compensation? Therefore, the number of students enrolled by Tsinghua University in each province is based on the proportion of the Boxer Indemnity allocated to each province.
In the Gengzi compensation, the amounts shared by each province are as follows: Zhili 800,000 taels, Jiangsu 2.5 million taels, Hubei 1.2 million taels, Shandong 900,000 taels, Henan 900,000 taels, Anhui 1 million taels, Shanxi 900,000 taels, Gansu 300,000 taels, Shaanxi 600,000 taels, Fujian 800,000 taels, Xinjiang 400,000 taels, Jiangxi 1.4 million taels, Zhejiang 1.4 million taels, Hunan 700,000 taels, Sichuan 2.2 million taels, Guangdong 2 million taels, Yunnan 300,000 taels and Guizhou 200,000 taels, totaling 18.8 million taels.
It can be seen that Jiangsu Province has spent the most money with 2.5 million yuan. Sichuan Province has 2.2 million. Guangdong Province has 2 million taels and Zhejiang Province has 1.4 million taels. Hubei Province has 1.2 million. The provinces with the smallest number are Guizhou Province and Yunnan Province. No wonder Tsinghua University and Peking University in Guizhou Province have the lowest admission rate. This is the reason.
This is why the provinces with the largest number of students admitted to Tsinghua and Peking University are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei and Sichuan. At that time, Jiangsu included Shanghai, and Jiangsu’s Tsinghua and Peking University admission rates ranked first in the country (with the exception of Beijing). It is said that the Americans stipulated that Tsinghua University’s enrollment quotas for each province should be considered based on the proportion of each province’s share of the Boxer Indemnity. Whichever province pays more will have more students. Tsinghua University has no right to make this decision.
Population influencing factors
The population of each province and the number of candidates are also important factors that affect Tsinghua University’s allocation of admissions to each province.
Because Henan, Shandong and Guangdong are all large provinces with a population of hundreds of millions, the number of students enrolled should be increased appropriately. Tsinghua University's enrollment in Henan Province is already at the forefront of the country, but due to its large candidate base, its admissions ratio is still at the bottom of the country.
The difficulty of the college entrance examination in each province and the emphasis on physics and mathematics are also important factors affecting the number of students admitted to Tsinghua University.
Tsinghua University has been reducing enrollment in Jiangsu for several years. The main reason is that the Jiangsu College Entrance Examination is changed every year and does not take physics and mathematics. All famous universities have complained.
I asked Qiu Yong, the president of Tsinghua University, to increase my quota for me. Qiu Yong said that I would add one quota to you this year! Based on my friendship with Qiu Yong, this result would never have happened. In essence, it was the selection direction of the Jiangsu College Entrance Examination, which was inconsistent and incompatible with Tsinghua University. Yesterday, a leader said that Jiangsu students are very good, but if they don’t take the physics and chemistry exam, I don’t want any of them. We need to deeply reflect on why Jiangsu’s creative ability is not strong. This is because high schools generally do not pay attention to physics and chemistry, and the high school entrance examination imposes a forced shunt, which causes the learning pressure to move forward and kills many children.
Fudan University’s 2017 class of students from Zhejiang and Shanghai, 30% failed physics, so it also began to reduce the number of students enrolled in Zhejiang.
Poverty Special Program
Tsinghua University’s special program for colleges and universities mainly targets rural students in remote and poverty-stricken areas.
So the number of students admitted by Tsinghua University in each province is based on the proportion of each province’s contribution to the Boxer Indemnity, and is appropriately allocated based on the population of each province, the proportion of poor students, the emphasis on mathematics and physics in the college entrance examination, etc.