Wang Yangming was born in a scholarly family and an official family on September 30th in the eighth year of Chenghua, Ming Xianzong (1472). His ancestor was Wang Dao [1], a powerful minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His father, Wang Hua, was the champion in the seventeenth year of Chenghua (148 1). He is a very emotional official, used by Emperor Xiao of Ming Dynasty, and served as assistant minister of Li Department. During the reign of Zheng De, he was sent to Nanjing as a minister for offending Liu Jin, and was demoted and later dismissed [3]. According to the Chronicle, on the eve of Wang Shouren's birth, his grandmother dreamed that someone had sent a son from the clouds. When he woke up, he was just born, and his grandfather Wang Lun named him Wang Yun. The villagers also called his birthplace "Ruiyun Building". However, he didn't speak until he was five years old. One day, a stranger passed by, stroking his head and saying, "What a good boy, what a pity to tell the truth", meaning that his name "Yun" gave away the secret of his birth. His grandfather suddenly woke up, changed his name to Shouren, and then began to speak [4]. Different from the usual scholarly family, Wang Shouren, a teenager, often travels with his father to Juyongguan and Shanhaiguan, and often goes out to visit mountains and rivers.
Ideological evolution
At the age of seventeen, he went to Nanchang to marry Zhu Yanghe's daughter Zhu Shi, but no one could find him on the wedding day. It turned out that this day he strolled to Tiezhu Palace, which is the real King Jingyang, Taoism. When I met a Taoist who meditated there, I asked him for advice. The Taoist priest told him the way of keeping in good health once, so he sat quietly with the Taoist priest and forgot to go back until his father-in-law called him back the next day. At the age of eighteen, he and his wife Zhu Shi returned to Yuyao and took a boat to Guangxin. Wang Yangming paid a visit to Lou Liang. Wang Yangming was glad that Lou Liang taught him the theory of "learning things and knowing people". After reading Zhu's works, I thought about the so-called "both inside and outside are fine, and every grass and tree feels" Song Confucianism. In order to practice Zhu's theory of "learning from others", he made up his mind to be poor in the sea of bamboo. He learned nothing for seven days and seven nights, but he fell ill. Since then, Wang Yangming has had great doubts about the theory of "Wu Ge", which is the famous "observing benevolence and Zhuge" in the history of China philosophy.
At the age of twenty, Wang Shouren took part in the provincial examination for the first time and won an award [6]. Later, he was more suitable for discussing military affairs and was good at archery [7]. However, at the age of 22, Li Dongyang, the first assistant of the cabinet, smiled at him: "If you don't win this time, you will win the department championship and strive to be the department champion." Wang Yangming's pen hangs, and the old man in the DPRK is surprised as a genius. Jealous people say that if the young man wins the first prize, he will be arrogant. At the age of twenty-five, I failed the exam under the pressure of taboo. Some students are ashamed of not winning. He smiled and said, "You are ashamed of not winning, and I am ashamed of not winning." At the age of 27, he was reading Zhu's On Guang Zong Shu. He read: "Respect and perseverance are the foundation of reading, and sequential perfection is the method of reading." So Wang Yangming began to regret that although he studied hard before, he had no income, all because he was too greedy for the speed of reading. So he began to seek step by step, but finally realized that "physics is my heart, and it was finally judged as two", so that the old disease recurred. At this time, I am glad to see a Taoist talking about health preservation.
Hongzhi was twenty-eight years old in the twelfth year, and took part in the Ritual Examination. Because of his excellent performance in the exam, he was awarded the second place in Nangong and the seventh scholar in Jill to visit the Political Department. Before the funeral, Weiningbo Wang Yue also talked about eight things, such as the prevention of the northwest frontier, and then entrusted the punishments to decide the prisons in Jiangbei and other places, and then requested to return to China due to illness. After a long time, I used the Ministry of War Master [8].
In the winter of Zheng Deyuan (1506), eunuch Liu Jin was good at politics and arrested more than 20 people including Nanjing Yushidai. Wang Shouren didn't want to save people, but she angered Liu Jin. He was sentenced to 40 years by the history and demoted to Longchang, Guizhou (seventy miles northwest of Guiyang, xiuwen county) as a servant. He came to the southwest mountainous area of China, where Miao and Liao lived together. Wang Shouren personally persuaded the local people to study and was loved by the people [9]. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the university. Wang Shouren believes that the heart is the root of everything, and everything in the world is the product of the heart. He realized that "the sage's way is self-sufficient and seeking truth from facts is also a mistake." During this period, he wrote "Dogma Showing All the Students in the Dragon Field", which was called the enlightenment of the Dragon Field. Many of his disciples were puzzled by his theory of "unreasonable outside the heart, nothing outside the heart" and asked him: What is the relationship between the flower trees in Nanshan and my heart? He replied, "When I didn't see this flower, it died with my heart." When I came to see this flower, I understood its color for a while. I know this flower is not outside your heart. "
Soon, Liu Jin was killed, and Wang Shouren was promoted to the order of Luling County, and later to the director of Nanjing punishments, and Yang Yiqing, the official department minister, changed him to the seal inspection department. Since then, he has been promoted many times and served as an examination doctor. In the seventh year, Zheng De was promoted to Shao Qing of Nanjing Taibu Temple [10]. Zheng Dejiu, secretary of crack hon temple.
Military achievements
Jiangxi pingding
In the 12th year of Zhengde (15 17), there was a rebellion in the south of Jiangxi and the mountainous areas bordering Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Mountain people rely on caves to build their own villages, while Fiona Fang is nearly a thousand miles away. The local officials were helpless, so they told the imperial court. The Ministry of War advised Jiangxi, the governor Wang Shouren, who was the right capital of the empire at that time, to suppress the rebellion.
In the 13th year of Zheng De's reign (15 18), in the first month, Wang Shouren pacified Chi Zhongrong (Chidabian), and invited him to establish Heping County and County School. In March, Shouren arrived in Jiangxi to take up his post. He quickly mobilized troops from the three provinces and put down the civil unrest in Xinfeng and other places. In July, Wang Shouren read that the war caused great losses. Last week, he asked the court to allow him to woo himself. The Ming court handed it over to the local military and political authorities to make it cheaper. 10, Wang Shouren led his troops to attack Lantianfeng and Xiezhishan Barracks in Zuoxi, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province, and joined forces with them in Zuoxi. Wang Shouren surrendered himself. In November, Wang Shouren sent a special envoy to woo, and broke the blue sky phoenix department.
Take King Ning alive.
Wang Shouren's greatest military achievement in his life was to quell Wang Ning Chen Hao's rebellion. When he was going to Fujian to wipe out bandits (a small number), his troops had just marched to Fengcheng when Ning Wang Zhu suddenly brought up the case. Therefore, Wang Shouren actively prepared for war, allocated rations, repaired equipment, and then issued a denunciation of thieves and robbers, published an indictment against Wang Ning, and asked all localities to arise and be diligent.
At that time, what Wang Shouren was most worried about was that King Ning sent troops eastward and occupied Nanjing Jinling, the old capital. If Nanjing falls, Ning Wang will have the capital to claim the title of emperor, and at the same time occupy a geographical position, which is hard to destroy. Wang Shouren bluffing, using false propaganda and false information, disturbed Wang Ning's sight, forcing him to make a wrong judgment, thinking that various armies have formed a trend of encirclement. At the same time, the use of double agents made Wang Ning doubt the strategy of his men to attack Nanking. Ning Wang was really taken in. He hesitated for half a month and was at a loss. He dare not send troops to attack Nanjing. Wang Shouren took advantage of this opportunity to prepare to defend Nanjing, making it impossible for Wang Ning to attack Nanjing.
In July, King Ning led sixty thousand foot soldiers, captured Jiujiang and Nankang, and crossed the river to attack Anqing. At this time, Wang Shouren has mobilized 80,000 troops (mainly composed of mixed soldiers, including local militia, farmers and bandits), claiming to be 300,000. It was pointed out that Anqing should be given first aid. Wang Shouren said, "Jiujiang and Nankang have been occupied by the enemy. If we cross Nanchang to save Anqing, we will be caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Now Nanchang is empty, and our army is full of momentum, which can be broken in one fell swoop. When the enemy heard of the fall of Nanchang, they would certainly return to the division to save it. At this time, when we meet him in Poyang Lake, we will definitely win. "
Nanchang was quickly breached and stopped for two days. Wang Shouren sent his generals to meet Wang Ning's army in Huiyuan, Nanchang. Four separate armies marched in and ambushed all the way. After the war, Wang Ning's army was quickly attacked between Scylla and Charybdis and was divided into several parts. Later, he was ambushed and defeated, and fled to the eight-character brain area. Seeing a genial smile, King Ning quickly dispatched the elite troops from Jiujiang and Nankang to attack, and sent several troops to meet and win Nankang.
This battle is quite fierce and it is a key battle. Once the loyalist retreated, Wang Shouren immediately beheaded the evacuee and ordered the army to fight to the death. Finally, Wang Ningjun was defeated. Wang Ningjun surrendered to the firewood shed and arranged the boats in a square. Wang Ning rewarded the soldiers with gold, silver and jewels and asked them to fight hard.
But Wang Shouren saw the flaw in Wang Ning's phalanx, so he decided to follow Battle of Red Cliffs's example and set the ship on fire. The next day, King Ning held a "morning meeting" on the boat. Wang Shouren's army arrived, loaded the boat with grass, set fire to the wind, and burned Wang Ning's auxiliary boat. Imperial secretaries and civil and military officials below Princess Lou committed suicide by jumping into the sea. Wang Ning's ship ran aground, unable to move, and quickly changed to a small boat to escape, and was caught by Wang Mian, a subordinate of Wang Yangming, and other civil and military ministers in Wang Ning also became prisoners. Soon, Nankang and Jiujiang were also captured by loyalists, and Wang Ning's rebellion was completely quelled, only for 35 days. Therefore, Wang Shouren is called "Daming Army God" [1].
Later, Ming Wuzong went to war under the pseudonym of "General Zhu Shou". The eunuch intends to release Wang Ning, let Wu Zong fight Wang Ning, and personally arrest him to please the emperor. Wang Yangming showed kindness to eunuch Zhang Yong, indicating that doing so would kill more people. Finally, the result of coordination is: let Ming Wuzong go to Nanking, and then let Wang Ning make the prisoners happy.
The full text of Wang's Meritorious Monument:
Ji Mao and Yi Hai rebelled in Nanchang, saying that the soldiers were going to Que. Break Nankang, Jiujiang, and attack Anqing, shaking far and near.
19 1 1 In July, Minister Shouren returned to Nanchang with soldiers belonging to the family of martyrs, and Chen Hao was captured. Others in the party decided. When really, the son of heaven heard that he was angry, and the pro-unified Sixth Division came to discuss it, so he took Chen Hao back.
In Hehuang Wei, SHEN WOO didn't kill him. For example, is it an earthquake, smashed or folded? If the artifact is returned, who dares to peek? In view of the splendor of Chen Hao, it shows the spirit of the emperor to better our country.
Zheng De Chen Geng was unlucky in the first month, and the military affairs of the governor were advised, Wang Shouren wrote. The attached officials are listed on the left.
Military knighthood
In the sixteenth year of Zheng De, Zheng De Zhu Houzhao died, and the new Zhu Houzong succeeded to the throne. Because of Wang Yangming's pacification, he was specially named as Xinjian Bo, Fengtian Yiwei, pushing sincerity and keeping the text, and specially entered Guanglu as a doctor, and was also the minister of Nanjing Ministry of War, still a counselor. In the second year of Jiajing, a new Bofu was opened in Shaoxing.
There are only a handful of civilian titles in the Ming Dynasty, and titles are not allowed without military service. Wang Yangming was the second civilian who was knighted for military service since the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Nanjing Ministry of War Shang Shu hangs the title of Counselor, and is jointly responsible for Nanjing military affairs with eunuchs and Nanjing garrison.
governor of Guangdong and Guangxi
In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), the Guangdong-Guangxi incident could not be solved. Jiajing gave him an official position, and was appointed as the former minister of Nanjing Ministry of War and the secretariat of Zuodu, and defeated the local armed forces of Yao and Gelao.
Go home after illness
After serving in Guangdong and Guangxi, Yangming's lung disease worsened and he went to ask for help. 1/kloc-0 died in the middle of Zhou Dynasty in Nan 'an, Jiangxi Province on the way home on September 29th (1529 65438+1October 9th). On his deathbed, the students around him asked him what his last words were, and he said, "This heart is bright, what can I say!" "
After his death, the court posthumously awarded him Dr. Guanglu, Zhu Guo and Xinjian Bo. When Qin Long was a marquis, he was called Xinjian Hou. In the twelfth year of Wanli, it was enshrined in the Confucius Temple.