Seeing the miracle of these prodigies, we scum can't help shedding tears of shame?
Looking back at the history of China, prodigies are not uncommon, and many prodigies will become key figures that will affect the destiny of the country in the future.
First, talents.
Prodigy, also known as prodigy, prodigy and gifted child, is the name of gifted child. Yuan Gui Bookstore also has a special comment, that is, "there is a special heterogeneity, which is more and more prominent, ambiguity is budding, and enlightenment is budding."
China people have attached great importance to education since ancient times, so they have recorded the words and deeds of children with extraordinary intelligence, leaving many anecdotes and even myths, and of course some of them ended in farce and tragedy.
Confucius was discovered by his mother when he was three years old, and he could teach himself sacrificial ceremonies without teaching.
And then become a "teacher of all ages." However, even though he had a good education, he once asked Xiang Tuo, 7, for advice. Huainanzi? "Service Training": "Fu was Confucius' teacher at the age of seven, and Confucius had to listen to everything he said. In The Warring States Policy, Historical Records, New Preface, Lun Heng and other books, there are also a few words that record the master's request for advice from Xiang Tuo's children.
In the Tang Dynasty, "Confucius asked the book" launched an intellectual debate between grandparents and grandchildren, and Confucius lamented: "I only know that life is really awesome! There is also a saying in San Zi Jing that "Zhong Ni was Xiang Tuo's teacher, an ancient sage and a diligent scholar". Although it is inevitably exaggerated by later generations, it is inferred from Confucius' learning principle that Xiang Tuo, a prodigy, is not a fictional character.
▲ The image of Confucius in film and television dramas
Gan Luo, a native of Cai Xia (now Yingshang, Anhui), was the grandson of Gan Mao, the prime minister of Qin Zuo. At the age of twelve, he became a guest of Lv Buwei, the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty.
. At that time, the State of Yan sent Taizi Dan to the State of Qin as a hostage, and the State of Qin asked Zhang Tang to go to the State of Yan to prepare for a joint attack on the Hejian area of Zhao. Zhang Tang once led an army to attack Zhao, fearing that he would be killed when passing by Zhao, and he didn't want to go to Yan. Personally advised Zhang failed, and Ganluo volunteered to advise Zhang. Lu Xiang looked contemptuous and thought you were wet behind the ears. Don't make trouble. However, Xiao Ganluo looked upright: "Fuxiang was born at the age of seven and became a teacher of Confucius. Now I was born here at the age of twelve! You are Kao Chen, and you are angry with me. " Yes, why do you look down on my little friend?
Ganluo threatened Zhang Tang with the example of killing, and volunteered to see the prince of Zhao, pointing out that Qin Yan exchanged hostages to attack Zhao, so it was better for Zhao to cut out five cities, let Qin return Taizi Dan and attack Zhao Guolian. The prince of Zhao was so frightened that he had to agree to cede territory to the State of Qin and form an alliance with the State of Qin to jointly capture the thirty cities of Yan. Finally, Qin Deyan has eleven cities in Yan State and five cities in Zhao State. Ganluo, with outstanding achievements, was named Shangqing, and his grandfather Gan Mao gave him a farmhouse. He became a winner in life at a young age.
Wang Bo, born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi), is the grandson of Wang Tong, a great scholar, and the nephew of Wang Ji, a poet. Wang Bo was able to write and compose poems since he was a child, and everyone in the world regarded him as a child prodigy. "Old Tang Book" said: "Learning at the age of six belongs to the same genre, and there is no turning back. I feel Ingram micro from my words, similar to my brother's talent and seaweed. My father and friend Du often say: This is Wang's three-bead tree. " Yang Jiong also praised in the preface to Collection: "When I was nine years old, I read Hanshu, and my fingers were ten volumes short. At the age of ten, I have mastered the Six Classics, and the moon is full. I will repay it with my own voice. It is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to study for a hundred years, ten days and two days, which can be seen from the conversation.
Wang Mian is a native of Zhuji. His family is in decline and difficult. He herded cattle during the day and went to a nearby Buddhist temple at night to study under the ever-burning lamp. He didn't go to school until he was eight. Because he is good at painting lotus flowers, he is regarded as a child prodigy in painting. Up to now, there is a story about his appreciation of lotus flowers as a child and his determination to learn painting.
Yan song, the word is only in the middle, and Jiangxi is pleasant. Yan's family is in decline, making a living is difficult, and she often depends on her family for help. Song was smart and eager to learn since he was a child, and his understanding was very high. His father failed in the exam for a long time, so naturally he pinned all his hopes on his son.
Yan Song was enlightened at the age of five. At the age of eight, because of his outstanding talent, he was highly valued by Mo Lizhi, the magistrate of Fenyi County. Mo Lizhi arranged for Yan Song Jr. to enter the county school, exempting all tuition fees. After Jiangxi, it is too appropriate to promote schools. After the interview with Yan Song, I made up another foodie. Only two years later, Yan Song stood out in the county examination and was elected at the age of 19.
Fang Bao is a native of Tongcheng, Anhui Province. He entered a private school when he was four years old, and his father went to school with Fang Bao on his back. He prefers to ride a horse, straddle his father's shoulders, wave a whip on airs and shake his head. The father laughed at himself for "riding his father as a horse", and Bao Xiao casually replied, "I hope my son will succeed." My father then ordered me to "keep the chicken away from the fog", and Bao Xiao replied without hesitation: "The dragon is like a cloud! When Fang Bao was five years old, he learned some classics and ancient prose. "All the images of the Book of Changes, the righteous examples of the Spring and Autumn Annals, the allegories of the Poems, and the exegesis of Shangshu, Zhouguan and the Book of Rites can be roughly remembered." Absolutely a prodigy with extraordinary intelligence!
Second, the selected articles
In response to the wave after wave of "prodigy draft tide" in Han Xing, Xiao He and Guo Xiang formulated the earliest and most basic "prodigy kpi" system in China: "Students who can satirize more than 9,000 words in Taishi public examination will gain history; In addition, the six-body examination is used, and the most important person in the class thinks that the history books of Shangshu make history. The government and the people wrote a letter, and it was disintegrated when the words were not correct. 」
Boys' families were mainly recommended in Han Dynasty. Later, Han Zuoxiong further determined:
"Filial piety, young just worship the lad. Once a child is promoted to a boy lang, he can be an official, and those who are filial and have excellent grades can also serve as ministers, censors and other official positions. At that time, there were many prodigies in imperial academy. Ren Yannian was a student for twelve years, named imperial academy and Ren Shengtong; Duane thirteen years, into imperial academy, a child prodigy; Huang Xiangnian, one of the "twenty-four filial piety", is twelve years old and studies classics. The name of the capital is: "westward journey, Jiangxia Huangtong"; When Sima Lang was twelve years old, he tried to be a boy, Lang. Being strong, he suspected that he had concealed his age. Sima Lang said, "Lang grew up practicing both inside and outside. Although Lang is young and weak, he does not look up to the wind. He doesn't want to waste time to achieve early success. "The examiner is in awe of this child.
In the Tang dynasty, due to the development and perfection of the imperial examination system, it was necessary to take the exam to be selected for the boy scout department. It is stipulated that the selected person must be under the age of ten, and the examination requires that he can write by himself and read ten articles of the Book of Filial Piety and the Analects of Confucius. Those who pass the examination can enter the company and be given identity. However, due to lack of experience, although these prodigies became famous in vain, they could not govern the people. Moreover, in order to prevent young children from getting officials by cleverness, the boy scout system was repeated several times in the Tang Dynasty.
During the Five Dynasties, many unqualified fake boys tried to confuse the real with the real, and the court sternly condemned them and demanded that they be properly audited. In the second week, the threshold for the identification of child prodigies also rose. In the course of repeated exams and suspension of exams, the Boy's Department in the Song Dynasty gradually improved: First, it was customized, that is, foreign boys were first tried in imperial academy, while Chinese books were retaken, and the emperor often made the final pro-exam every spring; Second, starting from filial piety, it is divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, with different assessment contents and treatment. When Shen was in Yuanfeng, he was placed in Beijing primary school, and there were two fasting days, Fu and Chu, which focused on cultivating prodigies all over the country.
Let's talk about the admission rate of "Boy Scouts" in the Song Dynasty. Injong ascended the throne, and ten people were born with the lad. The first year of Baoyuan, to no avail.
God gave birth to Yuanfeng and gave birth to five people;
Hui Zong Daguan was reinstated and given five senses;
Ningzong Jiading fourteen years, a letter to take three people from now on;
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, there were 6 candidates and 5 officials in their thirties, namely Wan Qing, Peng Xingzong, Zhang Zou, Zhu Huchen and Liu Gu.
During the reign of filial piety, there were seventy-four candidates for the boy and seven officials.
During the Guangzong period, there were 17 people who were tested by boys, but none of them helped officials;
In the first year (1 174), a girl named Lin took an exam in Zhongshu Province, and the examiner selected 43 poems and books, all of which passed. Xiaozong specially named her a Confucian scholar. Lin Xiaoxue was also the only female child prodigy admitted in the 300 years of Song Dynasty. It seems that the boy scout system in the Song Dynasty is very detailed and difficult to recruit. Due to the emperor's attention, although there are very few candidates in Queping, they can all live up to their names, and many of them have become important ministers of the country. There used to be a boy scout army in Mengyuan, and all those who tried the boy scout army went to imperial academy, the highest institution of learning, for intensive training, but there was no customization. The Imperial Examination in Ming Dynasty also set up the Boy Scout Military Department. If anyone recommends a child prodigy, the emperor will call his relatives to try it. The emperor also implemented the "system of giving lessons to children", that is, children raised everywhere were ordered to go to school. Practitioners are paid a monthly salary, and the cabinet evaluates classes. When prodigies grew up, he asked for a job.
Third, sad and happy articles
What are the joys and sorrows of those prodigies after they became famous overnight? Say positive first. Seven-year-old literate Yan Anshi, Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu all came from his family. He also trained many talents who will worship the Prime Minister in the future, such as Han Qi and son-in-law.
▲ The image of Yan Shu in film and television dramas.
Yan Shu is also a famous litterateur in China, leaving many famous sentences, such as "I can't help falling flowers, I feel deja vu, and the fragrance path in the small garden is wandering alone", "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, I went up to the tall building alone, and I saw the horizon" and so on.
In the twenty years of Hongwu (1387), 19-year-old Jie Jin won the first place in Jiangxi. The following year, he was awarded Jishi Shu Zhongshu with the tenth place in the first three subjects of Chen Wu. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, attached great importance to him and stayed with him all his life. When the Ming Dynasty became the ancestor, Jie Jin was promoted to Hanlin. After the establishment of Wenyuan Pavilion, he joined the Pavilion with Huang Huai and Yang Shiqi and participated in its maintenance, thus opening the cabinet system in the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Yongle (1404), Jie Jin was the first cabinet official. Famous monologues such as "Shandong Doufa" are also based on Xie Xueshi, which shows that people also love and respect him.
However, Jie Jin, who was arrogant and unruly, was later involved in the battle between Chu and the army. In the first month of the 13th year of Yongle, Governor Jin Yiwei presented a list of imprisoned prisoners. Seeing Jie Jin's name, Ming Chengzu asked, "Is Jie Jin still there?" Knowing this, Jigang got Jie Jin drunk and buried him alive in the snow and froze to death. Subsequently, the Royal Guards confiscated his property, and his wife's clan moved to Liaodong to defend the border.
Yu Yang (Yang Shiqi), mentioned earlier, was edited by imperial academy in the Ming Dynasty, joined the cabinet and participated in the maintenance. A few months later, Jinshi spoke. Injong acceded to the throne and promoted Yu Yang to assistant minister of does, a university student of Gai Hua Temple. When Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, he was appointed president and compiled A Record of Emperor Renzong of Ming Dynasty. At this time, together with cabinet ministers and Yang Pu, he was called "Sanyang" to help Bimei talk. No matter what the emergency is, the three people can always work together in Qi Xin and work out a better transfer plan without favoritism. Jiao Hong's "Yutang Yu Cong": "In orthodoxy, (Yang Shiqi) is known as the West, and Wenmin (Yang Rong) is known as Dongyang. Because of the second place, Wen Ding (Yangpu) is the county, and each book is called Nanjun, so the world is called Nanyang. Xiyang is talented, Dongyang has an industry, and Nanyang has a degree. So I think sages must say "Three Yang". 」
▲ Sanyang in Ming Dynasty
After nine years of orthodoxy, Yu Yang died at the age of 80 and was given the surname Wen Zhen. Yu Yang, a cabinet official for 20 years, is also a senior minister of the Ministry of War and a college student in Huagaidian. He is one of the founders of Yongle Shi Sheng and Ren Xuanzhi, and he is famous in history!
Let's talk about those compassionate prodigies. Gan Luo died young at the age of twelve, that is, Wang Bo. He died less than one year after Shangqing and was buried in the east of Yingshang. "However, China holds our friendship, and Tian is still our neighbor.". Although he was the first of the "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty", he returned to Guangzhou in the autumn of last year (676) and drowned at the age of 28.
Fang Zhongyong, a famous Jinxi native, was gifted but didn't continue to study the day after tomorrow, and finally "disappeared from everyone". Wang Banshan felt a lot about this.
I knew the Five Classics at the age of five, I was able to write poems at the age of seven, and I joined the anti-Qing war with my father Xia at the age of fourteen. After his father's defeat and suicide, Xia Wanchun and Chen Zilong continued to fight against the Qing Dynasty, and the king of Lu sealed the book and made suggestions for Wu Yun's military affairs in Taihu Lake. After the defeat of Wu Yun, he was still fighting for the Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Li Yong (1647), he was defeated and captured, and died on September 19th at the age of seventeen. Before martyrdom, Wan Chun lambasted the traitor Hong Chengchou, and the book Mother in Prison survived and was selected as a teaching material.
It is generally believed that Xia Wanchun is the greatest and shortest-lived poet in China. For example, his "Other Clouds" is impassioned: detained tourists for three years, and today crowned the South China. Infinite mountains and rivers shed tears, who said that heaven and earth are wide! I already know the way to another spring, and I am really worried when I think of saying goodbye to my hometown. On the day when the ghost man and soul are waiting to return, the spirit wants to see their homeland. Finally, talk about negative people. Yan Song, a cabinet official in the Ming Dynasty, a senior official in the official department, was a scholar in the temple, who brought disaster to the country and people, stole power without benefit, and was good at national politics for nearly 20 years. Scholars hold their breath, unscrupulous people flock to them, and bribers emerge one after another. Yan Song killed others for personal gain and tried to crowd out others. He also embezzled military salaries, abandoned the frontier defense, solicited power and took bribes, engaged in corruption, and intensified social contradictions. In his later years, he finally angered Ming Shizong, was deprived of his property, and his son Fan Shi was beheaded. Two years later, he died at the age of 88.
Zhang Ailing once shouted that "fame must be early". As prodigies, they won at the starting line from the beginning and became the envy of everyone.
However, as the saying goes, "it is famous all over the world, and slander follows." Prodigy has become the focus of ordinary people's attention prematurely. If you can't balance your mind and give up continuing to improve, you may be called "unknown fame and fortune" in adulthood! A prodigy is a godsend in itself. If you can make the best use of the situation, you may succeed more easily than ordinary people. However, blindly encouraging young people will kill him. "The gentleman woman.she! Contemporary prodigies, especially their parents, should be warned.