What do the symbols on the building paper mean?

Too many. Give a few examples:

The symbol φ is usually used to indicate the diameter, such as the diameter of steel bars!

The symbol & indicates who is the same as who, for example: b: x&; y? Φ 8 @150 means that the XY of the bottom reinforcement is the same in both directions!

; Semicolon, in the centralized annotation of plane construction drawing of reinforced beam, is a separator symbol representing upper and lower reinforcement!

/? Slant, in the plane construction drawing of reinforced beam, is a separator representing the upper and lower floors! For example, 4/5 is 4 upper steel bars and 5 lower steel bars!