(30) Fishing coup Su Dongpo and Fo Yin are good friends, and they often make fun of each other in their poems, from which they get great pleasure. Although Fo Yin is a monk, he never avoids eating meat.
One day, he stewed fish and was about to eat it. Looking up, Su Dongpo entered the temple gate. I think: if you don't come early, you won't be late. He fell down as soon as you ate the fish, so don't give it to him yet.
In desperation, he used his quick wits to turn the knocked chin upside down, buckle it on the fish plate and push it aside. As soon as Su Dongpo entered the temple gate, he smelled the delicious fish and thought: It's better to come early than to come opportunely, so you can enjoy the food.
Lift the curtain and have a look, Buddha.
2.2 The couplets are accompanied by explanations. Jing Changchun's "Joint Notes on Modern and Contemporary Historical Events" contains a couplet with the words of Huang Huagang's martyrs, saying: the white blade is expensive, and the yellow flowers are fragrant.
The first couplet is very chivalrous. The "yellow flower" in the second couplet refers to both Huanghuagang and Chrysanthemum, meaning that the spirit of martyrs is immortal.
-Emperor Guangdi was worried about this matter. His brother Guangpo happened to come to Beijing and offered to do it for him.
On New Year's Eve, Guangpo presented the following couplets to the emperor: Seventy-two sages in the underground changed color; There are 28 stars in the sky, and spring comes every night. After seeing it, Kangxi praised it greatly.
Seventy-two plus twenty-eight, exactly one hundred, is a generation of hundreds of pairs, which can be said to be skillful in using numbers. "Xian, Xian" and "Su, Su" are connected.
"Sage" and "accommodation" are overlapping words. Seventy-two sages refer to the outstanding disciples of Confucius.
Easy color, there are many solutions, according to Yan Shigu's point of view, looks are not important. - .
Lian Yue: Faith is what people say. If you want to win the trust of others, you must also keep your promise. In Henan, people say that smoking is the cause of fire, and smoking is a common phenomenon, so you should give up smoking. Couplets are a pair of words.
"People" and "words" become "faith", "fire" and "cause" become "smoke", which can be seen from both sides. - .
At that time, Guo Moruo was still very young. When he heard this news, he thought of a famous dish in Sichuan, which might be related to wine, so he asked: Samsung brandy, Huangmeitian in May. Generally speaking, we only know that "Huangmeitian" refers to the climate, not the name of the dish. We mistakenly think that this couplet is "heartless". In fact, a wine and a dish have a very coherent meaning.
The upper part embeds the brand name and wine name, and the lower part embeds the time name and dish name. - .
One day, Tang said: Jia Dao was drunk, but he was not pretending. Zhang said: I drank all the wine. Jia Dao was a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
Liu Ling, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in the Western Jin Dynasty, was a heavy drinker and wrote Ode to Wine Virtue. There are two methods in this regard.
"Jia Dao" is homonym with "false words", "Liu Ling" and "leaving zero", which is "mixing differences"; "False falling" and "leaving zero" are verb-object phrases, which can also be regarded as homophonic spellings of "Jia Dao" and "Liu Ling". -King Ma Bin, King Robin, King Marog Bin.
The main works of Dragon Palace II are not detailed. Ma Bin, that is, Ma Zhou, was born in the early Tang Dynasty, and served as an imperial adviser during the reign of Emperor Taizong.
Luo is also a native of the early Tang Dynasty, and is one of the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". His poems are full of words of grief and indignation, and he once wrote On Martial Arts. The main methods of couplets are word analysis, repetition and embedding names.
-.Show that your ancestors had no rights for a long time. Later, when I saw the embroidered shoes worn by the bride, I had a saying: embroidered shoes embroider the phoenix, and the phoenix on the horizon falls to the ground.
Because the dragon on the candle is made of candles, it burns at the same time when it burns, so it says "go from the fire." Because the shoes you wear are embroidered with phoenix, you say "come to the ground".
On the unity of contradiction and interest. - .
Someone entered the temple and got the cloud: a lonely mountain, a general with a sword and a horse; There is no next sentence. When the last scholar was tied to a boat by the river, two fishermen caught each other, so they got off the hook: two fishermen caught both sides of the river and two fishermen hooked each other.
The cleverness of conjunctions lies in the use of numbers. The numbers in the first part of the book are all ones, but they are changed by loneliness, independence, one, horizontal and horse.
The number of logoffs is two, and using "two", "clip", "right" and "double" makes people feel the same. -Kitty said: Out of its kind, outstanding, as it should be.
Couplets are used as allusions. Strong and deep.
The first two sentences of the first part of the first part of the couplet are about Confucius' Tao, and the Analects of Zi Han came out. This statement is Mount Tai.
The first two sentences of the second couplet are about the greatness of Confucius, and the words "Mencius, Sun and Ugliness" are also about Mount Tai. The first two sentences of the couplet are self-correcting, and "knowing the secret" and "Hu Qi" are synonymous.
-"Fa" and "Fa", "A" and "cangue" have the same pronunciation but different words, which is to confuse the differences.
Cutting hair and becoming a monk, breaking the law with cangue, set each other off. - .
One day, Liu Jinmen and others borrowed the garden to enjoy chrysanthemums, and the owner asked for a new couplet. When he asked the Lord what he was doing, the Lord replied, "There is nothing better than loving chrysanthemums."
Jinmen believes in calligraphy: only chrysanthemums are life; There is no right at present. Asked the host's surname again, he replied that his surname was Zhao, so he had to download it: it was originally a fairy.
Song Xue, as a natural object relative to "Chrysanthemum", is also the name of Zhao Mengfu. Undoubtedly, it is Zhao's secret cutting, and it is also a great flattery to the master. - .
He was once famous for Pan Geng and Ji Zi. When Zeng Guofan was stationed in Anqing, he heard his name and summoned him.
Asked about his family background, I knew that his ancestors were all born, so I took the word "fate".
3. Seeking 12 to associate lofty sentiments, watering peaches and plums with frost is increasing, and writing articles in spring and autumn is unknown to cultivate peaches and plums. There are all kinds of people with lofty ideals in the world, making stars. China's warm campus is full of peaches and plums. We work hard, settle down, cultivate talents as pillars, turn spring breeze into rain, moisten things quietly, compete for thousands of trees, cultivate more talents, sing and dance, and rejoice. Li Xiaochun is full of campus, and there is no limit to learning. Diligence can climb firecrackers two or three times. The world is plum blossoms at four or five o'clock, and the world is spring. In spring, Qian Shan is a country with rich people and beautiful scenery. There are many happy events in China and many beautiful days in China. Spring breeze is everywhere. Winter goes to the mountains, and the water shows the flowers and birds in spring, and everything is renewed. The country is not old. Yongchun people are happy and have the will. Anything is possible, 120 Qin Guan will eventually belong to Chu's painstaking efforts.
You can see what Su Dongpo is 1 from a couplet. Shan Mo, Wei Yun, Qin Xueshi, Hua Ying, Liu Tuntian, Qin Guan and Liu Yong are all good friends of Su Dongpo.
Qin Guan wrote a very good poem "Man Fang Ting", the first sentence of which is "The mountain rubs Wei Yun", and Su Shi called Qin Guan "The mountain rubs Wei Yunjun". Qin Guan's son-in-law Fan Wen is proud of her father-in-law's name.
He often introduces himself and says, "I'm Samuel Wei Yun's son-in-law." People do cast envious eyes.
Liu Yong retired from Yuan Wailang's post, so he was called Liu Tuntian. At that time, there was also a famous sentence in Liu Yong's "Broken Array", "Revealing the reflection of flowers". So people at that time also called Liu Tuntian "the reflection of flowers".
On one occasion, Su Dongpo was drinking at the same table with Qin Guan and Liu Tuntian. When the wine was half drunk, Su Dongpo was full of poetry, and casually combined their names and nicknames into a couplet: Shan Mo, Wei Yun, Qin Xueshi, Lu Ying, Liu Tuntian and Qin Liu. They both laughed at the same time and were deeply impressed by Dongpo's wit.
2. The poet Yingying is old, and Yan Yan is busy with Zhang Xian, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty. He likes to write slowly. He was nicknamed "Zhang Sanying" because of three quatrains: "Clouds break the moon and flowers make a shadow", "Curtain rolls a shadow" and "Falling lightly without a shadow". After he retired to the countryside in his later years, he was over eighty years old and had a geisha at home.
On one occasion, Su Dongpo visited him and presented a pair of couplets to mock Zhang Xian. The couplet reads: The poet Yingying is very old. When her son returned, Yan Yan quoted the story of Yingying Biography written by Yuan Zhen in the Tang Dynasty (the Yuan Dynasty developed into a zaju "The West Chamber") and compared Zhang Xian to Zhang Xun, a romantic scholar.
Zhang Xian got the couplets and made a pair of couplets, which read: Worry is like mullet, knowing the night is always lazy, and butterflies are busy for spring. This couplet made a confession to itself, with excellent rhymes and characters, which won Dongpo's appreciation. People used to be monks. People can become Buddhas, and women are as humble as maids. Women can also be called slaves of Su Dongpo and Fo Yin talking about Buddhism. Fo Yin boasted that Buddhism was boundless and boundless.
Su Dongpo's sister Su Xiaomei was eavesdropping behind the curtain, so she wanted to stab him. She wrote a antithetical couplet, and asked the maid to take it out and give it to Su Dongpo. Dongpo took one look and said, "Interesting, interesting!" He read to Fo Yin that once a person becomes a monk, he can become a Buddha. When Fo Yin saw that he was satirizing himself, how could he give up willingly? After some thinking, he finally wrote this couplet. Write it out and give it to Dongpo. Dongpo saw it and gave it to Su Xiaomei. When Su Xiaomei saw it, women were as humble as maids, and women could also be called slaves. 4. A beauty is sitting in a green gauze tent, peony is washed by clear water pool, and gourd is soaked. One day, Su Xiaomei was struggling with Su Dongpo's poems. Unexpectedly, Fo Yin came in and she quickly hid in the tent.
Fo Yin saw this situation, that is, her mouth was tied: Bisha was sitting in the beautiful woman's tent, and Peony's sister thought, This monk is really annoying. His younger brother and sister chatted enthusiastically, but you broke up and were still playing with my poems. Okay, I'll call you back and scold you.
So, I read: clean water pool to wash monks, soak gourd "soak gourd!" " "Su Dongpo clap your hands and say wonderful. Fo Yin had to touch the bald wry smile.
When the sun goes down, the fragrance remains the same, so that we can tie a horse up for a day. When Su Dongpo visited a temple, he heard that the presiding monk in the temple had misbehaved and was very disgusted. However, the host treated the famous Su Dongpo respectfully, entertained him for several weeks, and asked Dongpo for words many times.
Su Dongpo wrote a couplet with a pen in his hand: after sunset, a little fire was removed, which made the furnace cold and the post horse solid. The owner hung the couplet on a high place. Many literati laughed when they saw it. It turns out that there are two crossword puzzles in this couplet, and the answer is "bald donkey".
6. In the first spring of Xiangyang Gate, Jishan often celebrated Su Shi. He has many friends, including a poet and monk, Fo Yin. Although this man is a monk, he never avoids wine and meat.
On this day, Fo Yin fried fish and drank wine, which happened to be the day when Su Shi visited. Fo Yin hurriedly hid the fish under the grand view.
Su Shi had already smelled the fishy smell, but he didn't see it when he entered the door. He had a plan long ago and deliberately said: The first spring is always in Xiangyang. To Fo Yin's great surprise, his old friend read an old saying that everyone knows, so he said smoothly, "Who doesn't know that the next sentence is: A good family is not just a celebration."
As soon as his voice fell, Su Shi said with a smile, "Since there are fish (surplus) in Qing Dynasty, let's accumulate some goodness and take out a piece to eat." 7. Drunk riding a donkey, shaking his head to calculate the wine bill, and rowing, bowing to beg for boat money Su Dongpo and Qin Shaoyou often go out together.
On this day, they took a boat down the river together, drinking and singing poems, and they were happy. At this time, Su Dongpo saw a drunk on the shore, riding a donkey, stopping and stopping, looking ridiculous. He made a pair of couplets: drunken people riding donkeys, shaking their heads to calculate the wine bill, which is very vivid. Qin Shaoyou doesn't think this is correct. While he was thinking, he suddenly saw the ferryman at the stern. The ferryman shook his oars one by one, causing. Su Dongpo and Qin Shaoyou both laughed.
8. Panasonic Go, pine nuts go fishing with chess pieces, and wicker often hangs fishing lines. Su Shi and Huang Tingjian in Song Dynasty were both great writers. When they meet, they often pair up with each other to increase their interest in conversation. Once, two people played Go under a pine tree. Su Shi just lost a son, and suddenly a pine nut fell off the chessboard.
After a while, another one fell. Su Shi stared at the pine nuts and casually said, Matsushita left, and pine nuts watched Huang Tingjian fiddle with the chess piece every time.
Huang Tingjian also knows that this is for me. Huang Tingjian looked up and looked around, looking for the theme of couplets.
At first sight, he saw a river not far from them. There are several willows on the river. The breeze is blowing and the long willows are swaying on the water. There is a fisherman sitting under the tree, fishing with a long fishing rod.
Isn't this a pair delivered to the door? Huang Tingjian said to the next sentence: Willow fishing, willow silk is often accompanied by fishing line to help chess flourish, and chess flourish helps literature flourish. They played chess and wrote papers, and didn't stop to go home until very late.
9. Dogs chew the river (monk) and water flows through Dongpo's corpse (Dongpo's poem). Su Dong lived for several years after being demoted to Huangzhou. One night, he and his good friend monk Fo Yin went boating on the Yangtze River.
Su Shi suddenly pointed to the left bank and smiled without a word. Fo Yin looked around and saw a yellow dog gnawing at a bone. He realized something and threw a cattail leaf fan engraved with Su Dongpo's poem into the water.
The two men looked at each other and couldn't help laughing. It turned out to be a dumb couplet.
Su Shi's first couplet means: dogs gnaw at river bones (monks), and Fo Yin's second couplet means: water flows down Dongpo's corpse (Dongpo's poems). 10. There are no mountains.
5. The basic rhyme of couplets requires that the official name of couplets is couplets, commonly known as couplets, which is a unique Chinese language, literature and art form in China and is deeply loved by people from all walks of life.
To sum up, couplet meter is six elements, also called "six phases", which are divided into: 1. The number of words should be equal, and the number of words in the upper and lower couplet should be equal. The number of words in each clause of the long couplet is equal.
There is a special case that the number of words in the upper and lower couplets is intentionally different. For example, during the Republic of China, some people ridiculed Yuan Shikai's couplets: "Yuan Shikai is eternal; Long live the people of China. " The first part of "Yuan Shikai" and the second part of "China people" are "sorry", which means that Yuan Shikai is sorry for the people of China.
Overlapping or overlapping words are allowed in sentences. Folding in half and overlapping words are commonly used rhetorical devices in couplets, but attention should be paid to the consistency of the upper and lower couplets when overlapping. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, Gu Xiancheng wrote "Wuxi Donglin Academy Union: the sound of reading in the wind and rain, and the sound and sound are heard"; Family affairs, state affairs and world affairs are all concerned.
However, we should try our best to avoid "heterotopic words" and "appositive words" in couplets. The so-called ectopic reduplication means that the same word appears in different positions of the upper and lower links.
The so-called homonym means that the same word is opposite in the same position of the upper and lower parts. However, some function words are allowed to have homonyms, such as the couplets of Ge Ling in West Lake, Hangzhou: The Song of Peach Blossoms and Flowing Water; Between the shade and the grass.
The word "Zhi" in the upper and lower couplets is repeated in the same place, but it can be used because it is empty word. However, there is a special format of "ectopic mutual weight" (called "transposition case"), such as Lin Sen holding a couplet by Dr. Sun Yat-sen: one person is eternal; One person through the ages.
Part of speech equivalence In modern Chinese, there are two parts of speech, namely, notional words and function words. The former includes nouns (including locative words), verbs, adjectives (including color words), numerals, quantifiers and pronouns.
The latter includes adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and onomatopoeias. Part of speech equivalence means that words or phrases with the same position in the upper and lower parts should have the same or similar parts of speech.
The first is the rule of "real to real, virtual to virtual", which is the most basic rule and has the widest meaning. In some cases, just follow this.
Secondly, the corresponding rules of parts of speech, that is, the words 12 above correspond to each other. This rule should be observed in most cases.
Thirdly, the semantic correspondence rule refers to putting things of the same type represented by Chinese characters together for confrontation. The ancients noticed this rhetorical method long ago.
In particular, nouns are divided into many subcategories, such as astronomy (sun, moon, wind, rain, etc. ), season (day and night, etc. ), geography (mountains and rivers, etc. ), government offices (towers, doors, etc. ), vegetation (trees, peaches, plums, etc. ), birds (chickens, birds, cranes, etc. ) and so on. Finally, the corresponding rules of adjacent categories, that is, words in adjacent categories can be paired with each other.
For example, astronomy returns to the season, astronomy to geography, geography to the palace and so on. The third is the structural proportion. The so-called structural proportion means that the grammatical structure of the upper and lower conjunctions (or the structure of their phrases and sentence patterns) should be as consistent as possible, that is, the subject-predicate structure is opposite to the subject-predicate structure, the verb-object structure is opposite to the verb-object structure, the partial structure is opposite to the partial structure, and the coordinate structure is opposite to the coordinate structure.
For example, Li Bai's topic is Yueyang Tower in Hunan: Water and sky are the same color; The wind and the moon are boundless. This conjunction is both a subject-predicate structure.
Among them, "water sky" and "romantic moon" are both parallel structures, and "one color" and "boundless" are all positive structures. However, in the case of equivalent parts of speech, the requirements for some similar or special sentence structures can be relaxed appropriately.
Fourth, the rhythm corresponds, that is, the places where the upper and lower links stop must be consistent. Such as: don't let the spring and autumn pass; It's the hardest for an old friend to come once.
This is a seven-character short couplet, and the rhythm of the upper and lower couplets is exactly the same, both of which are "223". Longer couplets must have corresponding rhythm.
5. What is a flat tone? The classification of flat tones in Putonghua is, in short, flat tones and upper tones, flat tones and flat tones. In the ancient four tones, the flat sound is flat, and the rising, going and entering sounds are silent.
There are two aspects to the harmony between levels: (1) Levels and levels are opposite. Generally speaking, word alignment is not required, but attention should be paid to the alignment of the upper and lower tails (feet), the upper part is different and the lower part is flat; The words at the end of the sentence or at the rhythm point should be flat and opposite; The ending (foot) of each clause in a long couplet should be flat, right.
(2) The upper and lower couplets alternate in the sentence. Yu Dequan, a contemporary couplet writer, summed up a set of "horseshoe rhyme" rules.
Simply put, it is "flat, steady and steady", walking like the rhythm of a horseshoe. Sixth, what is the relevant content? It is both "right" and "related".
The words mentioned above are all "right", with the same number of words, equivalent parts of speech, the same structure, corresponding rhythm and even harmony, but they still lack a "couplet". "Lian" is about content relevance.
Between the upper and lower couplets of a couplet, the content should be related. If the upper and lower couplets each write an irrelevant thing, and the two can't reflect, connect and echo, it can't be regarded as a qualified couplet, or even a couplet. Extended materials couplets, also known as Spring Festival couplets, are an ancient traditional culture in China.
During the Spring Festival, every household will post Spring Festival couplets. To say this Spring Festival couplets, it has to be traced back to a long time ago, and its roots start from the right.
It is not only timely but also necessary to talk about Spring Festival couplets before the Spring Festival. Because Spring Festival couplets are very popular now, but the knowledge of Spring Festival couplets is not very popular.
My train of thought is: from antithesis to couplets, and then from couplets to Spring Festival couplets. Because Spring Festival couplets are subordinate to couplets, antithesis is the foundation of Spring Festival couplets, so this paper starts with the foundation, in order to let everyone have an accurate understanding. The meaning of "antithesis" can be understood as antithesis, such as couplets and Spring Festival couplets. For example, there is a book called "Dai Li Weng Dui Yun" in the old books of Mongolian studies, which is prepared for writing poems and talks about antithesis: "Heaven is to the earth, rain is to the wind, and the mainland is to the sky.
Mountain flowers are to the sea tree, and the sun is to the sky. "We can proudly say that among all the languages in the world, Chinese is the most suitable for pairing, because it is unique, because it has neat structure, changeable rhythm, no inflections and rich tones.
If the English words "heaven" and "earth" are opposed, they will become "heaven" and "earth", and it is difficult to achieve structural neatness. The importance of pairs in China's children's education is self-evident, so I remembered the story of a pair of Guo Moruo. When Guo was six years old, the private school teacher wrote a pair: fishing.
Students are interested in shooting birds, keeping insects, swatting flies and so on.