How was the tomb of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty discovered? The mystery of the Millennium was solved the day before yesterday, and the tomb of Emperor Heng was finally determined. It turns out that the Jiangcun tomb in the underground of Anbailuyuan is the real tomb, and the tomb of Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty will not be excavated at present. How was Wendi's tomb discovered?
How was Wendi's tomb discovered? 1 "cowhide"
Thousands of cultural relics
Ten years' imprisonment
An "auction"
Six clay statues
"Baling" in this world
A "native master" who claims to be one of the best in technology? The boastful grave robber was caught.
Next to a reservoir in Meishan, Sichuan, strange noises came and went, and the vigilant villagers soon discovered that the ancient tomb on the mountain was stolen.
The police dug deep along the line and found a network chain crime hidden behind it. At present, cases 13 have been cracked and 979 cultural relics have been recovered.
Among them, the 2000-year-old bronze sword with a sheath on the sheep's head was identified as a national first-class cultural relic.
And all this comes from an original cultural group.
In this cultural group, there is a "post-60 s" named Yong, alias "Yong".
This "Yong Er Ge" often downloads photos of cultural relics from the Internet, boasting to the group of friends that this is the "achievement" of his grave robbery, and also claiming to be the "master of the earth" (grave robber) with "one of the best skills" in Sichuan Province.
After harvesting two fans, He Mou and Zhang Mou, they committed crimes for several years and carried out grave robbing activities in various parts of Sichuan.
In 2020, Yong was convicted of stealing ancient tombs and reselling cultural relics, and was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of 10 and fined. He Mou, Zhang Mou, Shuai Mohong and Xie Mokui were also severely punished by law.
How was the Emperor Baling of China discovered? This starts with an auction in the United States in 2002.
In 2002, in an auction in the United States, Jiangcun Tomb first appeared in front of archaeologists in China.
Six pieces of black pottery figurines stolen from here appear in the auction catalogue of Sotheby's auction house in the United States and will be auctioned soon.
Our government made timely representations through diplomatic channels.
After many efforts, these six terracotta figures returned to Xi in 2003.
Subsequently, the relevant departments investigated the origin of these six terracotta figures, and finally determined that grave robbers stole them from the ancient tomb in Jiangcun.
In 2006, after confirming that these terracotta warriors and horses came from Jiangcun ancient tomb, archaeologists conducted an archaeological investigation here.
Archaeologists are surprised by the exploration results. There is an Asian-shaped tomb hidden here with four pyramids.
So, who is the owner of this tomb?
Further archaeological excavations show that the total length of the east and west tombs of Jiangcun Tomb is 250 meters, which belongs to the top configuration in terms of tomb shape, surpassing the princess and even the princes.
Archaeologist Jiao Nanfeng: "We have a rule in archaeology. If you have any questions, you must have a series of evidences when you want to publish your article.
This may be the Baling in my mind. In fact, the conclusion was clear to everyone at that time, but it needed to be confirmed through a series of work. "
On 202 1 12 14, National Cultural Heritage Administration officially announced that the Baling of Liu Heng, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, had been discovered and was located in the tomb of Jiangcun Village, Bailuyuan, Xi, Shaanxi.
The mystery of how the Han tomb was discovered was solved the day before yesterday, and Heng's tomb was finally confirmed. It turns out that the Jiangcun tomb underground in Xi 'an Bailuyuan is the real tomb, so what kind of person is this ancient emperor buried in the tomb?
All along, in our impression, Wendi is the most wise emperor under three generations, and Wendi recorded in history books is a diligent, kind and docile person, and a proper good man.
But today, let's get to know this sage, Emperor Han Wendi, again through the appearance of history. I believe it will give you a different understanding.
"Historical records. "Family of consorts" has such a very obscure description of Liu Heng, the emperor of China. A generation of kings gave birth to four men. The former king did not become emperor, and the queen died. The king is the emperor, and all four men born to the queen have died of illness. "
What do you mean? That is to say, when Liu Heng was acting as the king, the queen gave birth to four sons to Liu Heng. Just before and after acting king Liu Heng was declared emperor, the queen and her four sons all died. What is even more bizarre is that the married wife of the great emperor did not record her last name. After Liu Heng proclaimed herself emperor, she never pursued any titles, and even her four sons left no information in the history books. It was hastily ended by Sima Qian's old man's sentence "four people died of illness". You know Sima Qian is a very professional and dedicated historian. He wrote about the banquet of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, and also went to the grandson of the party Fan Kuai for details. Liu Heng's wife and four children died decades later than the hongmen banquet. There must be many insiders, but he turned a blind eye to it and said nothing, as if he was hiding something unspeakable.
In fact, to solve this historical mystery, we have to analyze it from the big environment at that time.
Liu Heng is the fourth son of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, and his mother is Bo. In Wang Zizhong where Liu Bang is numerous, the oldest is Liu Fei (King of Qi), the second is Liu Ying (King of Qi), and the third is Liu Ruyi (King of Zhao). The fourth, Liu Heng, is very humble. Neither he nor his mother has been favored by Liu Bang. Therefore, when he was eight years old, Liu Heng was appointed as acting king to guard the border near Xiongnu.
Therefore, for a long time, Liu Heng has actually been outside the core power circle, and no one has paid attention to him or paid attention to him. However, in BC 180, a series of important events happened in the Han Dynasty, and the fate of Liu Heng changed greatly.
This year, Lv Hou, the actual ruler of the Han Dynasty, died of illness, followed by Zhu Luzhi's rebellion. Joined hands with Zhou Bo, the founding hero of Dahan, to quell the rebellion of Zhu Lu and destroy the Lu family. How cruel! Later, Liu Xiang, king of Qi, and Liu Chang, king of Huainan, competed for the position of emperor, while Chen Ping and Zhou Bo, who held real power, married Liu Heng, king of Li Dynasty, and it was at this time that Liu Heng's wife and four children died strangely.
If we make a bold assumption that our wife is Lu's daughter, then this problem will be solved together.
First of all, during his administration, he made great efforts to promote the marriage between Liu and Lu. For example, Lu's daughter married Wang Langya; Lu's daughter married Zhao Wang Liu Hui; His daughter married Hou, the son of the king of Qi. Liu You, the king of Zhao, is also the heir to Zhu Lu's daughter. The queen of the young emperor Ricas is also the daughter of Lv Lu. So famous historian Zhao Yi said that Lu had a daughter, not for others, but for Liu. Then we have reason to believe that even the collateral kings and kings were betrothed to the daughters of the Lu family. As the son of Liu Bang, the generation of Liu Wangzhi, it is impossible for Lv Hou not to give him a daughter of Lu Jia as his wife!
However, after Zhu Lu's rebellion, he killed the Lu family cleanly, and it was a blood feud. In order to save everyone's lives, Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and others who have the right to establish political power can't let anyone who has relations with Lv Jia be emperor, which is why we should choose a new emperor instead of continuing to let the original little emperor continue to work.
Everyone may have overlooked that there was a little emperor at that time, but the hero group said that this little emperor was not the flesh and blood of Huidi and Liu Ying, but was adopted by Lv Hou in order to maintain his rule, so later they directly killed the little emperor and his brothers to prevent them from taking revenge when they grew up.
This is not an isolated case. Liu Chang, the king of Huainan, was also kicked out of the candidate list for emperor because of his relationship with Lv Hou. Liu Chang, the king of Huainan, is the youngest son of Liu Bang. Although he was not born by the Queen, he was brought up by Lv Hou. With this relationship, no matter how he goes up and down, it is impossible to have his share of the throne. Then there are only two candidates for the throne, one is Liu Xiang, the king of Qi who made great contributions to pacify the rebellion of Zhu and Lu, and the other is Liu Heng.
However, the choice of Liu Xiang, the king of Qi, is not in line with the interests of the hero group, because Liu Xiang, the king of Qi, was so powerful that he became emperor, and the hero group headed by Chen Ping and Zhou Bo was bound to be in a position of power for a long time. However, the king of the helpless generation is a good choice. First of all, Liu Heng has the ability to govern the country, and the generation of the country has been well governed by him. Secondly, without a powerful consort, her mother is weak and unlike her, so she must rely on harmony to govern the country after her succession, which is suitable for both public and private. Next, it depends on the choice-if he wants to be emperor, he must kill his wife Lu.
You should be able to imagine Liu Heng's predicament. Judging from the fact that Liu Heng and the acting queen have four sons, their relationship should be very good. Otherwise, how could they have so many children? However, the temptation of the throne is too great. What shall we do? If we don't kill a generation of queen Lu, then the hero group will definitely fall on the head of Liu Xiang, the king of Qi.
Because let Liu Xiang be the emperor, they will lose their splendor at most, let Liu Heng be the emperor, and then Lv Hou's son will be the emperor, and they will be exterminated. So, out of pity, he had to kill the acting queen Lu and let another wife succeed him. This Dou Shi is the Queen Mother Dou Shi of the TV series Hanwu the Great. The old lady's political skills are very hard!
As a result, Liu Heng, the acting king, succeeded in becoming a new generation of emperors, but the Hero Group decided to exterminate the grass. It was not enough to kill the acting queen, and all her four sons had to be killed. Therefore, just two months after Emperor Wen ascended the throne, ministers asked Emperor Wen to establish a crown prince. What is the relationship between killing the prince and establishing the crown prince?
At this time, the queen is Dou Shi, and only her son can become a prince. This woman is not simple. Although her predecessor is dead, her four sons can't be princes, but it is a curse to keep them. When they grow up, they will be angry with Dou Shi and her son, which is a disaster. Including the hero group, leaving them is leaving the curse. In this way, the Heroes Group is likely to reach a cooperation with Queen Dou, and it is impossible to know what role Queen Dou played in it. In any case, Wendy's wife's four sons died in a short time.
This can also explain why Sima Qian did not dare to write about the abnormal deaths of the Empress of the Ming Dynasty and her four sons. Who dares to write such a thing, besides, he may not know the inside story. Of course, the reason is not hard to guess. Sima Qian naturally won't go to this muddy water.
It is said that ruthlessness is a matter of royalty, and the complexity and cruelty of court politics are far beyond our imagination. For the bizarre sudden death of the acting queen and her four sons, although Emperor Wendi was coerced, who dared to do it without the permission of Emperor Wendi?
How was the tomb of Emperor Wendi discovered? With the confirmation of Baling and the appearance of unearthed cultural relics, we should have a more accurate understanding of the politics and history of the early Western Han Dynasty.
Recently, the news that the tomb of Jiangcun in Bailuyuan, the city, is Baling, the Emperor of Chinese Literature, has aroused widespread concern. In fact, the archaeological excavation of Jiangcun tomb has already begun. In 20 17, according to the need of the protection of China emperor baling, Shaanxi archaeologists carried out a rescue excavation of Jiangcun tomb in baling area. Then, what historical mysteries may be revealed by confirming Jiangcun Tomb as the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty?
It is possible to perfect the image of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Historians praised Emperor Wen of Han far more than criticized him, but there are many doubts about whether Emperor Wen succeeded to the throne is reasonable and legal. Hui Di acceded to the throne after the death of Gaozu; After the death of Hui Di, Shaodi acceded to the throne. But after Shaodi, it was not Shaodi's son who acceded to the throne, but Shaodi's uncle who acceded to the throne on behalf of the king (that is, the Chinese Emperor), which is very mysterious.
Shaodi's grandson, nephew of Lu Chan and Lv Ze, belongs to the Lu Party politically. After the Zhu-Lu Rebellion, the hero group headed by, was afraid that the young emperor would turn against him when he grew up, so he slandered the young emperor and denied the legitimacy of his succession.
Even if we want to depose Shaodi, according to the principle of "brothers and sisters" in ancient China, Liu Bang's younger brother Jiao Liu and Liu Bang's eldest grandson Liu Xiang can inherit the throne, especially Liu Xiang, the king of Qi, who has made great contributions to quelling the "Zhulu Rebellion" and is most qualified to inherit the great cause of reunification. Then why did Liu Heng finally succeed to the throne?
A very important reason is that the acting king is weak and will not become the second "Zhu Lu". If Daiwang enters Weiyang Palace, the power group headed by Daiwang will have no strength to compete with the hero group for power. Therefore, Dai Wang will eventually become the son of heaven of the hero group. In other words, Liu Heng's accession to the throne was the result of the game of various political forces in the Western Han Dynasty.
The mystery of whether Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty was buried thinly.
Simplicity is the impression and praise that historians have always given to Emperor China. Emperor Wen of Han not only prospered before his death, but also practiced frugality after his death. Historical Records Biography of Filial Piety records that Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty "ruled Baling with earthenware, and did not decorate the grave with gold, silver, copper and tin." He wants to save, save, and work for the people. " The thin burial in Baling is an eternal story in the history of funeral. But the debate about whether Baling really adhered to the principle of thin burial, such as whether it was really buried with pottery, never stopped.
On the occasion of the Han Dynasty, the Red Eyebrow Army entered the customs, and there were acts of stealing the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and taking its treasures. It is said that only Baling and Ling Du are preserved because of their thin burial. However, it is clearly recorded in the Book of Jin that in the late Western Jin Dynasty, Baling was stolen, and grave robbers "gained more treasures". According to the legend of the treasures unearthed in Baling later, some people suspect that the thin burial of Baling in Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was just a kind of political propaganda.
Now, with the discovery of Baling and the funerary objects unearthed in the tomb, we may be able to determine whether Wendi was buried in a thin way according to the grade and quantity, so as to understand his administration. In addition, the archaeological community has also argued about the shape of Baling. One view is that it is a cliff tomb, and the other view is that it is a vertical hole earth (stone) tomb. These mysteries may also be found in the excavation of Baling.
The mystery of Wendi Deng's mother's funeral
After Liu Bang's death, he brutally killed Mrs. Qi and Liu Bang's favorite concubine. However, Deng Wendi's mother Jibo survived, and Liu Heng and her son were saved. This is partly because Ji Bo is unpopular, but more importantly, she knows how to protect herself.
After Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, Bo was honored as the Empress Dowager. At that time, Liu Bang was already buried in Changling. In ancient times, there were concepts and burial customs of "husband and wife are one", "life and death care for each other, and graves care for each other". The Western Han Dynasty also stipulated that concubines should be buried in tombs, not to mention that Liu Bang's concubines had been buried with Mrs. Qi and Mrs. Fu. So according to common sense, Bo should be buried in Changling.
However, it has been buried with Gaozu as his wife before, so it is impossible for Changling to have two queen's tombs, and the Bo family wants to bury Changling only as a concubine. In this way, its tomb rules will be greatly reduced. This not only belittled the Bo family who was honored as the empress dowager, but also affected the legitimacy of Emperor Wen's inheritance of the Han family.
Wendi Baling left the original Zuling District of Xianyang and chose a new address. His mother, Bo Jia, used the "Emperor Xiaowen Baling" as an excuse to build a mausoleum near Baling with the gift of Empress Dowager Cixi. In this way, the problem of funeral etiquette is solved. Compared with the location of Fenghuangkou, Jiangcun's tomb is very close to the Nanling of Bo's family, which shows the feelings of Wendi and his mother.
In short, with the determination of Baling and the emergence of unearthed cultural relics, we should have a deeper understanding of the mausoleum system in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty and have a more accurate understanding and recognition of the politics and history in the early Western Han Dynasty.