Ministry of Crafts·Volume 4
Li Fang
○Books
"Shi Ming" says: Shu, Shu Ye, Ji It is a common thing; it is also written, and the compendium of it will never be destroyed.
"Shuowen" says: According to the analogy of pictograms, we call them writing; when the shapes and sounds complement each other, we call them characters; when they are written on bamboo and silk, they are called books.
"Guang Ya" says: Book, Ru Ye; Ji Ye.
"Book of Changes" says: In ancient times, ropes were knotted to rule, and later generations of saints changed them with written deeds, hundreds of officials used them to rule, and all the people watched them, and gathered all the "Yi". (夬, judgment. The written deed is the reason for deciding everything.)
"Family Language" says: Mi Zi is cheap, his words are not neat, and Shi Lu is the order of his single father. I am afraid that your Majesty may slander others and prevent you from carrying out your duties, so I invite two of your closest officials to accompany you. When a high official orders officials to write, they will often grab their hands. If the writing is not good, they will get angry. The official was troubled, so he resigned and returned to Lu. Zibi said: "The book I wrote was not very good, so I came back with encouragement!" He reported to the king and said: "Mizi sent the ministers to write and shook their elbows. The books were evil and the ministers were angry. The officials of the city Everyone laughed at it, so he came away from it. "You asked Confucius, and Confucius said: "You are not equal, you are a gentleman. His talent is to serve as an assistant to the overlord, and he is trying to test himself by governing a single father. Do you think this is his advice? "Gonghuan, Taixi sighed and said: "The few people have messed up the government of Mizi and blamed him for his kindness."
"Han Shu" said: Chen Zun is more than eight feet long, with a long head and a big nose. It is very great, with a little bit of biography, but it is supported by literature. He has a good nature, books, and people's rulers and tablets, and the owner hides them all to be proud of.
It is also said: During the reign of Emperor Xuan, Zhang Pengzu, the general of the Zhonglang family, sat at the same table with Emperor Wei to study books. When the emperor ascended the throne, Pengzu granted him the title of Marquis of Yangdu in return of his old favor.
It is also said: Tian Fu learned Pan Yu's books (Twenty-six chapters of Kong Jia, miscellaneous family letters.)
"Book of the Later Han Dynasty" says: Sun Jing, courtesy name Wen Bao. When I was young, I painted the ground and studied calligraphy. I made progress with each passing day.
"Dong Guan Han Ji" says: "Le Cheng Jing Wang Dang is good at history books and likes to correct writing."
"Wei Zhi" says: Hu Zhao is good at rulers and tablets, which can be seen as a model. Wei coveted ancient Chinese prose, and he was good at everything from bird seal script to official script.
"Book of Jin" says: Wang Xizhi tasted it at his disciple's home and saw that the sticks were slippery and clean. Because of the writing, they were half the same as real grass. Later, his father scraped it off, and his disciples were frightened and annoyed for days.
He also said: Wang Xizhi, there was a Taoist priest in Shanyin who liked to raise geese. "Xizhi finished writing happily and returned home.
Also said: Xi Zhimei claimed: "My calligraphy is as good as Zhong Yao's, and as good as Zhang Zhi's flying geese." He once wrote to someone: "Zhang Zhi came to the pond to study calligraphy, and the water in the pond was completely black." If people are delayed, they may not follow suit. "
He also said: Xi Zhi was in Ji (yin Ji) Mountain, and the old lady was selling him a six-cornered bamboo fan. Five words. At first, my grandma looked angry, so she said to her, "This is a letter from Wang Youjun, asking for a hundred coins." As grandma said, people actually bought it. The next day, grandma came again holding a fan, but Xizhi smiled but didn't answer.
It is also said: When Wang Xianzhi was seven or eight years old, he was learning to calligraphy. His father, Xizhi, grabbed his pen from behind and could not find it. He sighed and said, "This son will be famous again in the future!" I thought it was possible, and hundreds of people watched it.
He also said: Xie An tried to ask: "How can the emperor's book be as respected as the emperor's family?" The answer was: "That's why it should be different." An said: "External theory is not true." The answer was: "People Then I know. "
He also said: Wei Chang, whose courtesy name is Jushan, and whose name is Huang Menlang. Chang is good at cursive official script, which is "Four Body Scripts", which says: "In the past, Huangdi created things. There were Ju (side fish cut.) Chan and Cangjie who began to write deeds to replace ropes and cover bird tracks. The word Suizize has six meanings: the first is to refer to things, which means up and down; the second is to refer to pictograms, which means the sun and the moon; the third is to refer to the shape of sound, which means rivers; the fourth is to mean understanding, which means Wu Xin. Yes; the fifth one is a transfer of notes, which is what Lao Kao is; the sixth one is a false borrowing, which is what the commander-in-chief is. "
It is also said: Suo Jing wrote the "Shu Zhi", and his words said: "The Holy Emperor's reign will be at any time. Appropriate. Cangjie is born, and the writing is done in the seal script of Ke Dou, which is similar to the pictogram. The cleverness and cleverness are cultivated, and the cursive writing is done in a simple way. The shape is as graceful as a silver hook, floating like a frightened luan, with its wings stretched out but not raised, like an insect, a snake, or a cricket. And Huan Huan and his wandering worms are sometimes righteous and sometimes evil; Qi Ji is furious and forces his bridle, and the sea is roaring with waves; the grasses and grapes are still together, and the tang and the vines are melting and turning against their flowers; the black bears are sitting on the mountains, The flying swallows chase each other and miss the pond. When you look up, it seems that the gentle wind is blowing in the forest, the grass is blowing and the trees are blowing. The branches are in harmony with the wind, and the graceful and thin thatch is scattered with the body. There are doubts and hesitations in the air; mysterious beasts are playing among them, soaring apes and flying salamanders are running towards each other. Lingyu is struggling with its tail, and the dragons are flying in the air. They are standing at a distance from each other, or they are looking at each other. The past is taken into account; maybe it is suave and unconventional, or it is self-examination. Therefore, a man of many talents, a man of great skill, and a meticulous mind, adhere to the law and power, and change according to the situation. The form is unrecognizable, the complex is eliminated and the subtle is retained. The original image is in chaos. The principles of Kaiyuan are followed next week. The words are let go, the rain is flowing and the ice is scattered, the high notes are clear, and the chapters are flowing over and over. It is said that the body is magnificent and majestic, and the posture is radiant and lustrous. He ordered Du Du to move his fingers and make Boying return to his wrist. > "Book of the Song Dynasty·Liu Mu's Biography" says: Gaozu's writing was clumsy, and Mu said: "Although this is a small matter, it has been announced far away. I hope you will pay attention to it again."
"Gaozu could not figure out the meaning, but he still had some talent, so Mu Zhi Nai said: "Gongdan's vertical strokes are large characters, one character in diameter, which is enough to have a bud, and his name is also beautiful. "From this, Emperor Gaozu could fill up a piece of paper with no more than sixty characters.
"Qishu" said: Taizu was good at writing, and when he ascended the throne, he was very fond of it. After finishing the book with Wang Sengqian, he said Qian : "Who is first?" "Seng Qian said to him: "I am the best among ministers and secretaries, and your Majesty is the best among emperors. Shang smiled and said, "You can be said to be good at making plans for yourself." "
"Song Book" says: Xie Chaozong said to Wang Ci: "Can Qing Shu reach Qian Gong? Ci said: "I am not as good as my father, just as a chicken is not as good as a phoenix." "People at that time thought it was a famous answer.
"Song Book" says: Wang Feng of Jiangxia, named Xuanying, was the thirteenth son of Emperor Gao. He was fond of studying at the age of four and lived in his mother Zhang's house. The Zhang family had no children. The paper was written against the well railing and washed when it was full. After months of writing, he would not go to the window to dust, but he would just write in the dust. The emperor was very pleased and gave him a jade unicorn, saying, "I use the unicorn to admire the phoenix's tail!" "
"Book of Liang" says: Emperor Wu commented on Xiao Ziyun's book and said: "The writing is powerful, the heart and hand are in harmony, the skill is better than Du Du, the beauty is better than Cui Shi, and it should be compared with Yuan Chang (Zhong Yao.) Fight to be the first. "After that, Xiao Ziyun was the governor of Dongyang. The Baekje Kingdom sent people to Jianye to ask for a letter. When Ziyun said that Weizhou was about to set off, he sent people to wait for him in Zhuji, hoping that he would proceed thirty steps ahead. Ziyun asked him and answered: : "The beauty of the ruler-slips in the palace has spread far and wide overseas. What I want today is fame and deeds. "Zi Yun stopped the ship for three days, wrote thirty pieces of paper to it, and got millions in gold and goods. He was stingy, and he would not write unless he paid the salary. Those who do good things will pay more bribes to get answers.
< p> It is also said that Yan Xie was a well-versed calligrapher and worked in Cao Li Feibai. At that time, Fan Huaiyue, a man from Wu, learned his calligraphy from Xie. He is capable of eight bodies and six feet, and a thousand words in a square inch. Wei Zhongshan in Jingzhao is white, and in the palace of the Eastern Hunan Province, Shanxun joins the army as a recorder, and Zhongzhong joins the army as a soldier. In the palace, Xie is better than Wei Zhong, but Shanxun is inferior. After drinking for several liters, he often opens his eyes and curses. Although he is no longer close to the nobles, he has no choice. "Book of Wei" says: Cui Qian was the brother of Hun Wei, who wrote herbal medicine. In the early days of Huichang, Wang Zunye, the author of Zuo Lang, bought the book and found it for two hundred years. He has treasured his writings and kept them in Wu Dingzhong. In the reign of Emperor Zunye, Cui Jishu, a disciple of Huangmen, was copied and copied by many people.He also said: Cui Xuanbo was particularly good at cursive writing and was a model for Xuanbo Zuyue and Fan Yanglu. Chen was famous for his artistic skills. He was praised by Fa Zhong and Wei Guan, and he was passed on to Suo Jing, and Yan was passed on to Zi Miao.
"Tang Shu" said: Taizong once said to his attendant Wei Zheng: "After Yu Shinan died, there was no one to discuss the book with. "Zheng said: "Chu Suiliang's writing style is very vigorous, which is very similar to Wang Yi's style. "Taizong summoned his attendants to read it that day. He tried to buy Wang Xi's calligraphy with gold and silk, and the world was vying for the ancient book to present it. At that time, no one could argue its authenticity. Suiliang's preparation was correct.
Also known as: Yu Shinan, courtesy name Bo Shi. Shi Zhiyong, a monk from the same county (Zhiyong, a descendant of Xi), was good at studying Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, Shi Nan Shiyan, and mastered his style, which made him very famous.
Also said: Liu Gongquan, whose courtesy name was Chengxuan. He was fond of learning at a young age and was able to write poems in his twelfth year. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he was promoted to Jinshi. When the memorial was about to begin, the emperor summoned him and said to Gongquan: "I saw your handwriting in the Buddhist temple and I have been thinking about it for a long time. "That day, I paid homage to You Shiyi. He was appointed as a scholar of the Imperial Academy. I moved to Youfu Palace and was granted the title of Yuan Wai Lang. Mu Zong was a secluded person in politics. He asked the public authority how to use the pen well. He replied: "Use the pen with the heart in mind. If the heart is upright, the pen will be correct." "When I changed my appearance, I learned about his writing advice. Gongquan had just learned Wang's calligraphy, and had read all the modern brushwork. His body was strong and charming, and he became a family of his own. At that time, Gongquan's handwriting was not allowed on the steles in the ministers' homes. People thought it was unfilial. Foreign barbarians paid tribute. , all signed Huo Bei, saying: "This is a book from Liu. "The stele of the Diamond Sutra in Siming Temple in Shangdu has the characters of Zhong, Wang, Ou, Yu, Chu, and Lu, and I am particularly proud of it. In the summer of Wen Zong, he and the bachelor joined a couplet, and the emperor said: "Everyone is suffering from the heat, and I love summer. long. "Gongquan continued: "The fragrant wind comes from the south, making the palace and pavilion slightly cool. "At that time, the five scholars of Ding and Yuan were all successors, and the emperor only satirized the public power with two sentences, saying: "The poems are clear and meaningful, and they are rare. "He ordered Gongquan to write an inscription on the wall of the palace with a five-inch radius. The emperor looked at it and sighed: "Zhong, the king is resurrected, there is nothing more to add! "
Also said: Liu Gongquan, who was transferred to the junior division at the beginning of Dazhong, was promoted to the palace by Xuanzong, and has three imperial letters. The military envoy Ximen Jixuan held an inkstone, and the privy envoy Cui Juyuan wrote. One piece of paper is authentic. The cross is written in a cross, saying "Mrs. Wei passed down the penmanship to Wang Youjun"; the eleven characters in cursive writing on a piece of paper say, "The family method was obtained from the Thousand Character Wen" written in Zhencao by Yongchan Master; ". After bestowing brocade vases, plates and other silverware, he ordered himself to write a letter of thanks, regardless of his true deeds. The emperor especially cherished it.
Also said: Ouyang Xun, a native of Linxiang, Tanzhou. Beginner of Wang Xizhi's study Later, the style of the calligraphy gradually changed, and the penmanship was extremely powerful. At that time, people found his calligraphy and regarded it as a standard. Goryeo valued his calligraphy very much and sent envoys to ask for it. His name spread far and wide to Yi and Di. When he looked at its traces, he thought it was tall and tall? "(Do you ask about the body? That's why Emperor Gaozu said this.)
Also said: Ouyang Tong, the son of Xun. He was an orphan in his early years. His mother, Xu, taught his father how to calligraphy. Every legacy is related to money and Ling. He said: "Qualify the integrity of your father's handwriting. "Tongmu is very happy with his name, and his energy is tireless day and night, so he is inferior to Xun.
"Tang Shu" says: In April of the second year of Long Shuo, I wrote a letter to the generals of Liaodong.
He told Xu Jingzong: "Master Xu Yu always loves my books and can teach them in the court hall." Master Yu was surprised when he saw it, so he privately told the court officials: "Master Yu saw that there are many ancient monuments. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, he was only called the second king." However, Yi Shao studied with little effort, and Zi Jing studied with less strength. Now he has seen the holy relics, and Feng Zhuluan has returned, and he has become a sage in ancient and modern times! ·Youjun Zhuan" later commented: "The cloth of Zhongshu is dense and dense, and the clouds are rolling and rosy. But its style is ancient but not modern, and the characters are long and over-format. Although it has a father The wind is not new and clever. It is sparse and thin like a dead tree in Lingdong. It rubs the branches without bending or stretching. It is restrained like a hungry slave in a strict family. It is frail but not indulgent. Xiao Ziyun has no husband's spirit. It moves like a lingering spring earthworm, every word. If the snake is lying in the paper, it is sitting and crouching in the pen. Isn't it an inappropriate name? So I carefully studied the past and present, and refined the seal script to make it perfect, but Wang Yi is the only one! p>
It is also said: Kong Ruosi was orphaned at an early age, and his mother Chu personally taught him, and he became famous for his learning and practice. When he was young, someone left several volumes of Chu Suiliang's calligraphy. Ruo Si thought about receiving one of his volumes. The person said: "This book is so important today and its price is worth gold. Why not always take it?" Ruo Si said: "If the price is more than gold, why not always take it?" Jin Bao, this is too much." Cut off half of it to return it.
He also said: Lu Zhiyou had a long and thick instrument and beautiful words. You Gongshu, as soon as it was written in Jianhan, people rushed to imitate it.
Also said: Zhong Shaojing, a native of Ganzhou, Qianzhou. At first, he recorded affairs for Si Nong, and wrote Gong Shu to Zhifeng Pavilion. At that time, the inscriptions on the door of Mingtang, the nine tripods, and the door lists of various palaces were all inscribed by Shao Jing.
He also said: After Wang Ya was executed, tens of thousands of volumes of Ya family letters were written in the bookstore. Those who cherish the famous Dharma calligraphy and paintings of the previous dynasties must be given generous gifts. Those who do not accept the goods will be rewarded with official titles. The thickness is the wall of the wall that hides it. As a result, people broke down the walls to retrieve it, or picked out the ornaments of gold and treasure from the box, and discarded it along with the jade axis.
"Farewell Biography of Cai Yan" says: Yan said to Cao Cao: "Begging for paper and pen, real grass is life."
"Farewell Biography of Bingyuan" says: May 6th of the original year When I was 18 years old, I passed the bookstore and wept. The teacher said, "Why are you weeping?" The original saying was: "An orphan is easily sad. Those who write books all have parents. Now that I am looking at his books, I feel so sad that I shed tears." The original words of the teacher's sorrow are: He cried and said, "If you want to write, there is no need to pay." Then he wrote.
"Jiang Wei's Family Biography" says: A great person is good at writing, and if anyone gets his handwriting, he will hide it as a treasure.
"The Legend of Immortals" says: Dongguo Yanfu's spirit flew away and he was able to write at night. (The words are clear.)
Also said: Wang Yuan, whose courtesy name is Fangping, is from Donghai. Erudite, especially the key points of Wenwen, Prophecy, "He" and "Luo", he can know the rise and fall of the world. When Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty heard about it, he could not even attack. The commander-in-chief was forced to visit the capital. He lowered his head and kept silent, refusing to answer. Instead, he asked more than 400 words about the official door, all of which were related to Fang Lai. The emperor was so frightened that he had the foreign characters scratched off, and when he saw them again, the ink had penetrated into the pages.
"Shihu Ye Zhongji" says: Shihu has a horse prostitute, wearing a red dress and a Jinxian crown, standing on a horse, writing a book while the horse is walking, and the words are all correct.
"Yongjia County Records" says: The former king's right army traveled to Yongjia and passed through the evil road. The right army wrote about the big stone in the south. I can still see the ink marks today, but the words are not very clear.
"Baopuzi" said: "Ying Cong Shi, Tian Xiong, Crane Nao, I am convinced that people will write at night."
"Sun Qingzi" said: There are many writers, but Cangjie alone wrote it with the same intention.
"Huainanzi" says: In the past, Cangjie wrote books, but the sky rained millet, and the ghosts cried at night. (Gao You said: There is a written deed, and fraud is born. The roots are gone, the farming industry is abandoned, and the sharpness of the awl is used. God knows that he will be hungry, so he is like rain millet. The ghost is afraid of being impeached by the text. , so I cry. The ghost may be a rabbit, and the rabbit may use the brush as a pen to harm it, so I cry)
He also said: The light of the bright moon can be seen from a distance, but cannot be written in detail. .
"Shenzi" says: The written deed is the reason for the recognition of public trust.
"Sui Chaozi" says: Emperor Shi was born and could write.
"Sanfujuelu" says: Wei Dan, courtesy name Zhongjiang. In addition to the prefect of Wudu, he was not able to write books in the county. He was transferred to the imperial court and compiled the "Book of Wei", which was titled "The Book of Sanqi" and was named the "Book of the Great Wei", with fifty chapters. The palaces in Luoyang, Ye and Xu were first built, with inscriptions on them, which they thought would be permanent. The emperor's pen and ink were not used, because the memorial said: "If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. Use Zhang Zhi's pen, Zuo Bo's paper and Chen's ink, combine these three tools, and get the hand of the minister, and then he can succeed." "The power of a foot is equal to the strength of a thousand words."
"Sushuo" says: Huan Xuan took Yang Xin to join the army for the expedition to the west. Xuan loved the book, and Huxin sat down. He still sent a letter to Gu Changkang, and discussed the book with him for a long time until the night.
"Shi Lun" says: Zhong Hui will have different ambitions, while Mi Bai and Deng Ai will rebel. He also knows how to follow people's writings well, and when he asks for a seal of approval in the sword pavilion, he always changes his words, which makes him arrogant and jealous.
"Lunheng" says: Fuhe produced the map, and Luo (the same as Luo.) published the book, which was the auspicious response of the Holy Emperor and King Ming. When Cang Jie wrote words, his pen was the same as the sky and the earth, and his fingers were in harmony with the ghosts and gods. How could it be so evil to cause the raindrops and ghosts to cry?
It is also said: The clerk tabooed the day Bing, so Yun Cangjie died on the day Bing.
"Shishuo" says: General Wei Zhong is good at writing. Emperor Wei Ming set up the palace to install the announcement, and sent General Zhong to climb the ladder to inscribe it. Now, his hair is shiny, because he ordered his children and grandchildren not to return to school.
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