In the Qing Dynasty, salt merchants in Yangzhou began to build gardens, and many excellent classical gardens are still preserved today. Among them, the oldest, most complete, and most artistically valuable is located in the northern corner of the ancient city. "A garden". Geyuan was built in the 23rd year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1818 AD) by Huang Zhiyun, the general manager of Lianghuai Salt Industry. In 1988, Geyuan was awarded the third batch of "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units" by the State Council. Ge Garden is based on bamboo and stone. Even the character "ge" in the name of the garden is taken from half of the character bamboo, which corresponds to the various bamboos in the garden. The owner's taste and mind are all in it. In addition, it was named because every three bamboo leaves on the top of the bamboo can form the Chinese character "Ge", and the shadow on the white wall is also the Chinese character "Ge". Geyuan was expanded by Huang Zhiyun, the Lianghuai salt merchant during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, on the former site of the "Shouzhi Garden" in the Ming Dynasty. Although the garden is not large, it reflects the unique ingenuity of the garden builder. What is worth mentioning is the stone stacking art of the garden. It adopts the technique of dividing stones into peaks and stacks different stones to form "spring, summer, autumn and winter". "Four scenes.
The four seasons of rockery have their own characteristics, expressing that "spring mountains are beautiful and like a smile, summer mountains are green and like drops, autumn mountains are bright and clean like makeup, winter mountains are bleak and like sleep" and "spring mountains are good to visit, summer mountains are good to see "Autumn mountains are suitable for climbing, winter mountains are suitable for living". The garden has novel purpose and strict structure. It is an unique example of Chinese gardens and one of the most famous gardens in Yangzhou. Spring Scene
After listening to the chanting of thousands of flutes, I saw in front of me a garden gate. Outside the gate, there were strong bamboos on both sides, which were higher than the wall, as if they were soaring into the sky and reaching the clouds. Among the bamboo clumps, stalagmites are planted with mottled stone green, which means "love springs from every inch of stone", which means "bamboo shoots springing up after the rain". This unique picture of bamboo and stone uses the technique of using ink as much as gold to punctuate the theme of "Spring Mountain", that is, "A period of good spring cannot be hidden, and the most affectionate bamboos bring rain". At the same time, it also cleverly conveys the concept of "cherishing spring" in traditional culture, reminding people visiting the garden that although the spring scenery is beautiful, it is fleeting and fleeting, and they need to be appreciated and cherished carefully in order to gain the true beauty of nature.
Xia Jing
Xia Jing is located in the northwest of the garden, connected to Baoshan Tower in the east. Xia Jing's stacked stones are mainly blue-grey Taihu stones. The stacked stones resemble clouds and mist. The garden designers took advantage of the unevenness and thin, transparent, leaky and wrinkled characteristics of Taihu stones to create many stacked stones without being messy and far away. When looking at the scrolls, the scrolls are smooth and clever, like clouds and strange peaks; when viewed from near sight, they are exquisite and clear, like peaks and caves. There are ancient cypresses on the mountain with lush branches and leaves, giving it a green feeling; there is a pond at the foot of the mountain; deep into the mountain, the green water makes the entire mountain look particularly beautiful. There is a trickle of water falling straight into the pond in the north shade, making a tinkling sound. The fish in the pond are swimming among the water lilies. There is movement in the silence, which is very interesting. There is a winding bridge on the right side of the pond leading directly to the cave in Xia Mountain. The cave is deep and quite chilly. Even in the hot summer, people will feel refreshed when they step into the cave. After winding up the stone steps and reaching the top of the mountain, a wisteria stands in front of you. Visitors can forget their endless worries while strolling leisurely.
Autumn Scenery
After passing the "一" corridor of Baoshan Tower, in the east part of the garden is the majestic autumn scene, which is said to have been painted by Shi Tao, a great painter of the Qing Dynasty. The autumn scenery is made of stacked Huangshan stones. The mountain is higher and the area is larger. The entire mountain is divided into three parts: central, west and south. It has the reputation of "the best garden in the south of the Yangtze River". Huangshan stone is brownish-yellow in color, with sharp edges and corners, like a knife chopping with an axe. The whole mountain is steep and towering, looking majestic and majestic. Entering the heart of the mountain is like entering a big mountain, where dangerous and strange places can be seen at any time. The middle peak is tall and dangerous. There is a stone house below, which can accommodate more than a dozen people. It is equipped with stone tables, stone benches and stone beds. It is well ventilated and dry all year round, making life interesting. Climb up along the abdominal path and reach the Fuyun Pavilion on the top of the mountain. You will suddenly feel cheerful and have a panoramic view of the beautiful garden. It is the saying goes that it is best to climb the autumn mountain. Especially when the setting sun shines in the west, sprinkling the entire mountain with a layer of gold. Only then can you understand the reason why the gardener designed the mountain to face the west.
Winter Scenery
The gardener arranged the winter scenery under the south wall. With its back against the high wall, there is almost no sunlight all year round. From a distance, it seems that the snow has not disappeared. Paved with white stone. Dongshan is stacked with Xuanshi (quartz stone). The stone is crystal clear and snow-white. There are almost no edges and corners in each stone, giving people a sense of smoothness and undulations. Whether intentionally or unintentionally, the gardener stacked the rockeries to look like a group of lions. From a distance, they look like snow lions jumping for joy, which is quite naive. There are twenty-four wind sound caves on the high wall on the south side. The wind from the alley behind them makes a whistling sound from time to time. The garden designer not only used the "color of snow" to express winter, but also cleverly integrated the "sound of wind" into the expression technique, which is amazing. Several wintersweet trees on the side of the mountain set off the severe cold of winter. Just when people were facing the dignified and quiet winter scene and lamenting the end of the year, they suddenly looked back and found a hole in the west wall, revealing a corner of the spring scene, which seemed to be waving to people, suggesting that spring was coming again. Xiaopangu is located in Dashu Lane, Dingjiawan, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Xiaopangu was built during the Jiaqing period of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. It was the private residence of Zhou Fu, the governor of Liangjiang in the 30th year of Guangxu (AD 1904). Because of the dangerous false peaks in the park, the cang rocks for exploring water, the deep valleys, and the winding stone paths, it is named Xiaopan Valley.
Xiaopangu is unique among Yangzhou gardens. Compared with Geyuan and Heyuan, Xiaopangu occupies a small area with not many buildings and rocks. However, the beauty is that it is concentrated and compact. To defeat more with less is to see the big from the small. Between the pools, rocks and pavilions, there are some deep, some cheerful, some tall, some low and flat, with sharp contrast and changeable rhythm. In a limited space, the scenery is adapted to local conditions and follows the shape, creating the atmosphere of deep mountains and swamps, so close to the end of the world. It's thought-provoking and unmatched by other gardens.
Xiaopan Valley is generally divided into three parts. The west is a bungalow residential area, the middle is a hall, the right side of the hall is a fire lane, and the east of the lane is a garden. The garden is divided into two parts: east and west. Entering the garden gate is the west garden. There are fallen rocks in the lake and mountains in the garden, which was formerly known as "Nine Lions Picture Mountain". It was named because the rocks look like a group of lions searching for fish. There is a cave at the foot of the mountain. At the west entrance of the cave, there is a pool of water with a stone beam above it. There is a water pavilion cool hall in the west of the pool, facing water on three sides. At the north entrance of the cave, there is a "step" near the water, with "water flow and clouds" embedded in the stone. The east and west gardens are separated by corridors and flower walls. There is a peach gate in the south of the wall, inscribed with "Cong Cui". Entering the peach gate is the east garden. There are three living rooms in the south of the garden. The whole garden is the most outstanding one in the way of seeing the big from the small.
In Xiaopan Valley, it is suitable to watch quietly, or wait for the breeze in the water pavilion, or fish swimming in front of the threshold; Only in this way can you appreciate the beauty of Xiaopan Valley.
For a long time, this exquisite urban forest has been used as a guest house for a certain unit, which can be said to be "hidden in the boudoir and unknown to others." Later, the Yangzhou Municipal Government vigorously explored outstanding historical and cultural heritage, relocated relevant units, and allocated funds to completely repair the park, restoring it to its former glory. It will serve as a wonderful scene in Yangzhou's new "Ancient Alley Tour", allowing Chinese and foreign tourists to feast their eyes on it.
National cultural relics protection unit. On May 25, 2006, Xiaopangu, as an ancient building from the Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Yipu is adjacent to Geyuan to the east, at No. 356 Dongguan Street. It was built by Li Hesheng, a money broker in the early years of the Republic of China. Among the residential gardens in Yangzhou, most of the gardens are built behind the residences, but this garden is built to the left of the residences. The gate is octagonal, with the word "Yipu" carved in stone on the forehead. Entering the gate means arriving at the garden gate, which leads people all the way to the back of the house. Facing Huo Alley to the north, the west of the alley is the fifth entrance of the residence. To the east of the alley, the original rockery of lake rocks is built against the wall. It is gracefully curved and the rock wall is strict, forming a virtual and solid contrast with the tiled wall on the top of the wall. There was originally a peony terrace built beside the mountain, which looks like brocade when in bloom. At the north end of the rockery, there was originally a pentagonal half-pavilion built against the wall. There are three flower halls under the pavilion, which are extremely exquisitely decorated. The ceilings of the outer corridors are all decorated with shallow carvings. The famous Yangzhou painters Wang Banzai and Wu Yangeng once set up inkstones here. Go west from the flower hall and turn north. On the east side of the fire alley, there is a vase-shaped door with the inscription "asking about the path" on the forehead. There is a corner of the garden with flowers, trees and rocks, and three small pavilions in the north. There is a small courtyard at the back of the pavilion, and you can reach the compound corridor along the corridor, that is, from the back of the building to the separate garden. The garden is behind the residence at the end of Huo Lane. It was originally connected to the rocks by a complex road, turning to the northwest. There are three west-facing buildings, built facing the peak. There is a winding staircase to go down from the building, and there is a wisteria tree next to it. The back garden used to have landscapes such as the Moon Pavilion and the Purple Bamboo Forest. The Yi Garden is similar to the Quyuan in Suzhou. Both are laid out using curved ruler-shaped gaps. However, it is more clever than the Quyuan, forming an intricate upper and lower structure and a changeable state. Adopting the method of "surviving from desperate situations", we moved from the small courtyard to the separate garden, creating a layout that seems to be finished but not finished. It is a pity that the rockery, half pavilion, bitan, complex corridor, etc. no longer exist. In 1962, it was actually a municipal cultural relic protection unit. The Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Painting Academy once had its offices here and it was once a residential building.
After funding from the municipal government, relevant departments restored the entire Yipu based on the information provided by Li's descendants. It is now open to the public as part of the Changle Inn and is now a cultural relics protection unit in Jiangsu Province.
Address: No. 356, Dongguan Street, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China Location: No. 6, Fengxiang Lane, Yangzhou Old Town, No. 17 Wanhong Bridge, Back Gate
Construction Period: Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China
Current situation: Most of the residences on East Road were renovated into the Great Hall in the early days of the Cultural Revolution, and the layout of the residences on West Road and Weipu Garden are basically intact
Cultural Protection Level: Municipal Cultural Relics Protection Unit 1. Overview: Weipu, The area is in the shape of a regular rectangle, about 32 meters wide from east to west, and about 52 meters long from north to south, covering an area of ??about 1,700 square meters. The layout of the residence is regular and the garden is exquisitely constructed. The residences are arranged in clusters along the east and west roads, separated by deep fire lanes running north and south. There are more than 60 old houses of various types in total, with a construction area of ??more than 1,000 square meters.
2. East Road Residence: The original house number was No. 4, Fengxiang Lane (no longer exists today). The south gate tower towards the south was originally built with polished bricks, but was demolished when the auditorium was rebuilt at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. Today, a few remaining parts of the polished bricks that were dismantled and rebuilt can still be seen between the renovated southern walls.
The residence on East Road originally had seven entrances from south to north, all of which were three rooms wide. The central axis runs through, and the hatchbacks are symmetrical. There are 26 rooms in the front hall and back rooms. There are 5 patios, paved with bluestone slabs. The first entrance is the foyer, and across the patio is the photo hall. Facing south is the main hall, which frames the garden. There are corridors on both sides, and the seats are dragged behind the main hall and entered. Then there are three two-chamber living rooms with three consecutive entrances and a seven-beam structure. Each entrance hall has a wooden carved lattice fan in front, a screen door and a waist door in the back. Square tile flooring, wooden flooring in between. Each room in the west wing has an ear door leading to the fire alley, and is separated from the living room on the west road. Fire Alley remains the same today. Except for the last two entrances of East Road, which still exist, the first several entrances were demolished and rebuilt into the Great Hall during the early years of the Cultural Revolution of the last century. Today, the Great Hall has been empty for many years and is piled with debris. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, the author withdrew from the cultural system work team to his work unit, and was recruited by the rebels to "fight with" the establishment. Later, he was left on the construction team to work as a bricklayer, and participated in the demolition of residences on this road and the reconstruction of the city hall.
In fact, in the early days of the Cultural Revolution, the four communes (subdistrict offices) in the old city: Guangling, Chengnan, Dongguan, and Wenhe. Due to the needs of the political situation at that time, these four historical relics were The old house in Dazhaimen was demolished and rebuilt as a town hall. The four remaining mansions in history were all converted into state-owned assets in the early days of liberation. Before liberation, they were owned by powerful and wealthy families, and there were some little-known stories behind them. For example, the Chengnan Commune (No. 5 Jinyu Lane) was owned by Huang Botao, commander of the 25th Army of the Kuomintang before liberation. In 1953, it was confiscated by the court as enemy property.
3. West Road Residence: The residence and garden structure on West Road are also very exquisite. The house number is No. 6, Fengxiang Lane. Historically, the original old house had five entrances from south to north. Except for the demolition and reconstruction of the second entrance, the remaining four entrances are all intact, with more than 30 old houses of various types. Among them, the Weipu Garden was renovated in 1983 by Ding Leyun, a city real estate company, and is therefore the best preserved.
There are five rooms along the first entrance to the foyer. The gate building is elegantly built in a figure-eight shape and is built with polished bricks and joints. The door is inlaid with two polished brick forehead squares at the first, and above it is a polished brick plaque wall frame scene, with polished brick hexagonal brocade inlaid inside, also known as turtle-back brocade. Then a wooden ceiling is placed on top, making the overall gate tower appear wide and straight. Although only the remnants of a pair of alum stone drums beside the door remain, it still retains its grandeur. After crossing the gate building and entering the courtyard, you can still see the stone along the steps of the historical corridor on the east side. There were originally stone foreheads on the two gates facing south next to it, with the word "Wei Pu" written on them. After passing through the second door and the door corridor, you enter the Weipu Garden. Facing south, there are five halls in a row. Three of them are flower halls, and the rooms at the ends of both sides are side rooms. The materials and forms of the three rooms of the flower hall all take the meaning of "square", including square beams, square stringers, square rafters, square columns, drums and stone slabs under the columns are also square. The floor in the hall was also made of square tiles (later changed to modern water-polished tiles), and even the original partitions were decorated with square lattice strips (no longer in existence today). The lintels on the three east corridors are square patterns. The walls of the west corridor are also square in shape with hanging angle tiles. The plan layout of the pavilion (also known as the boat hall) built in the southwest corner is also square. There is nothing wrong with building. This is a rule for building houses in Yangzhou: the halls on East Road are made of round materials. The West Road hall is made of square materials, which means round or square, round on the left and square on the right, men on the left and women on the right. That is to say, the east is the men's hall and the west is the women's hall. Strolling through the Weipu Garden and looking around the buildings, although the landscape is a little dilapidated, it is interesting to savor it carefully. Facing south, there is an elegant hall with rolling sheds and three couplets. On both sides of the front of the hall, there are three sections of west-facing corridors connected to the north-facing porch. Two sections of slope-style corridors are built toward the east, connecting one side of the mountain-style pavilion in the southwest corner. The upturned corners are facing the sky, surrounded by beautiful women leaning against the sky. On the wall under the pavilion, there are brick-carved begonia frames, with brick-carved bergamots, peaches, pomegranates, grapes and other fruits in the middle, symbolizing good fortune, longevity and progeny. Your Quchi is a pond that never dries up all year round, where fish play in the water. The pool is surrounded by a white stone fence. Opposite the stone fence is an area surrounded by a rockery. Cypress trees, flowers, and cypresses are planted to symbolize long-lived men, and the flowers contain virtuous women. Facing the north, a rockery built with lake rocks is built against the wall. The garden is complete with peaks, caves, water, fish, flowers and trees. The layout is precise and it is said to be the work of Yu Ji, a famous gardener in the early years of the Republic of China. In today's old city of Yangzhou, there are Yang's Xiaozhu, Wang's Xiaoyuan, and Paolu on Ganquan Road at No. 12 Fengxiang Lane that are similar to Weipu Liangge in architectural form and location. This pavilion is usually located in the southwest corner and is mainly constructed for the needs of daily life. On hot summer days, it is suitable for people to sit in this pavilion to escape the sun, relax and enjoy the scenery. After passing through the waist door of the flower hall, you enter the residence behind it. The layout is three in the open, five in the dark, and seven in the beam style. However, on the west side, there is a suite and a secret room, a small patio in the front, and a flower stand in the small patio in the south. There is still a yellow bud of melon seeds that is more than a hundred years old on the flower bed, and its lush leaves exceed the eaves. There used to be narrow alleys leading to the front flower hall, corridors and pavilions, but they are now closed. "The world is divided into three parts on a moonlit night, and two parts are in Yangzhou, a scoundrel." This is a famous line by Xu Ning, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Leshi, in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a wealthy family named Yuan built this garden according to the poetry of Xu Ning of the Tang Dynasty.
To this day, there is a well in the garden. The well railing is engraved with "Xingyue Yuanzhi in the seventh year of Daoguang Dynasty", which is like a historical book, engraved with the true history of the garden. The main building is in the extreme north of the apartment garden, and the seven-bay long floor faces the south. In the middle hangs a plaque written by Qian Yong, a poet from the Qing Dynasty, "Two Mining Moon Tower". It not only blocks the remaining scenery in the north like a screen, but also forms a good place to climb up and watch the moon with its open corridor and beauty gallery. Turning the corner to the east, there is a rugged and steep Huangshi Mountain. On the mountain, three east pavilions are built according to the mountain. The west main building is connected to the east sunset pavilion, so that when the moon sets in the west, the pavilion can be used to send the moon; at the southwest corner, a Yingyue Pavilion is built. The three rooms are exactly staggered from the East Pavilion and can look at each other from a distance, so that when the moon goes up to the East Mountain, you can welcome the moon in the pavilion
. The pavilions are all around the garden, which not only blocks the dilapidated scenery and noisy people outside the garden, but also leaves an open space in the middle of the relatively narrow world. The misplacement of the east pavilion and the west pavilion avoids strictness and congestion. , with sparseness and openness, forming an elegant and peaceful atmosphere.
Contrasting with the surroundings are the garden sketches in the middle of the garden, such as the Fan Pavilion, the Moon Corridor, and the Moon Bridge. The ground is made of disc tiles and pebbles, forming ripples on the water surface, with yellow stones strategically placed in between, like islets on the water surface, creating an illusion.
Especially on nights when the moon shines brightly, the moon shrouds the garden, the ground is covered with silver, the shadows of the trees are mottled, and the autumn crickets chirp. People feel like they are exploring the mountain stream, strolling by the water, and immersed in the dim light of the moon. This combination of real scenery and virtual scenery, the organic blending of heaven and earth, makes people feel that there is water without water, and there is mountain feeling without mountains. It is true that mountains and rivers are in the mind. Who can not be intoxicated with reverie? I sincerely admire "the spring breeze of Langyuan with three thousand guests, the first floor of Mingyue Yangzhou."
Erfen Mingyue Tower Park covers an area of ??only 1,031 square meters, but through the moonlight, mountain scenery, water, tree shadows, pavilions , the leaky windows interweave and reflect each other, and are full of connotations. What is particularly interesting is that this garden is located on the most crowded commercial main road in the center of Yangzhou, opposite the No. 1 Department Store. It is truly a place of tranquility in the bustle. After shopping and sightseeing, you can take a break in the park, taste rocks, listen to a clear song, or play a flute, which is endless fun. Xu Garden is located in Slender West Lake Park in Yangzhou City. The garden in the garden is a characteristic of Slender West Lake. Xu Garden is built on the former site of Taohuawu, located at the northern end of Chunliu River on the long embankment of Slender West Lake. It was the former site of Hanyuan Taohuawu in the early Qing Dynasty. The garden in the garden was rebuilt in memory of Xu Baoshan, a military commander who participated in the Revolution of 1911 and was later bombed by Yuan Shikai. There is a lotus pond built with yellow stones in the garden. There is a meandering water outside and a pond inside. The pond water is connected with the lake water. Across the pond is the pavilion, named Tingqi Pavilion after Du Fu's two orioles chirping in the green willows and a row of egrets ascending to the blue sky. The entire courtyard is neat and varied. After bypassing Xu Garden and standing on Xiaohong Bridge, Xiaojin Mountain stands tall and the lake suddenly opens up. Xuyuan is small in scale, covering an area of ??0.6 hectares. However, the structure is decent, and the courtyards are well-proportioned. There are sights such as the Oriole Pavilion, Spring Grass Pond Pavilion, and Shufeng Pavilion. Two iron woks are displayed in front of the Oriole Hall, which are said to have been used to suppress water during the Xiaoliang period in the Southern Dynasty. There is also an inscription "The Iron Wok", which is said to be a relic from the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, more than 1,400 years ago.
The writing of "Xu Yuan" uses two different fonts, but they are harmonious. It is the ancestral hall of the warlord Xu Baoshan during the Revolution of 1911.
As the screen of Slender West Lake, Xu Garden brings the scenic spot from the prologue to the climax, and the garden construction technique is very superb. In addition, there are still some remaining gardens in Yangzhou including Di Garden, Xiaopu, Hua's Garden, Zhu's Garden, Liu's Garden, Qingyunshan Pavilion, Lu's Garden and so on. Cuiyuan and Yechunyuan have been demolished and rebuilt. The ruins of Shadow Garden have been excavated. The Hu Garden, Bayong Garden, Dongrong Garden, Wei Garden and other gardens have been destroyed, and most of the remaining buildings have been moved to Slender West Lake, with only residences remaining.
In addition to Xu Garden, there are also Fuzhuang, Xiaojinshan, Yueguan and so on in the Slender West Lake.