Today, I watched Luxun's Flowers in the Morning and Picking Up in the Evening again. Among them, dogs, cats and mice impressed me the most. This article mainly compares some people by describing the nature and behavior of cats and mice. In his article, Mr. Lu Xun explained why he hates cats-he just doesn't like them. At that time, these reasons were very similar to the behavior and personality of a class of people. For example, it is written that cats prey on animals weaker than themselves and get tired of playing with them, just as some people seize other people's weaknesses or shortcomings and try their best to torture them slowly, as if they are not willing to suffer enough. If someone else makes a mistake and is criticized, maybe that kind of person will secretly laugh in a corner.
"My revenge, from a cat at home, and gradually spread, as for all the cats you can see. The first is to pursue only without attacking; Later, it became smarter and smarter. It could hit them on the head with flying stones, or lure them into empty houses and beat them down. The battle lasted for quite a long time, and then it seemed that the cat had never come near me. But even if they are defeated, they are probably not heroes. Besides, there may not be many people who have fought cats in China's life, so we should omit all strategies and achievements.
But many days later, maybe half a year later, I got an unexpected news: the hidden mouse was actually not hurt by the cat, but climbed up the waist of the dragon mother and was trampled to death by her. "
Appreciate Lu Xun's writing techniques, especially his attitude. On the surface, this article recalls the experience and feelings of a lovely hidden mouse that was rescued in childhood, showing sympathy for the weak and hatred for the oppressor. Lu Xun skillfully used the past to attack those who invaded our country. He did his best in different ways and contributed to the morale of the country.
Dogs, cats and rats represent the three classes in the Lu era.
Dog, Cat and Mouse is triggered by attacking "gentlemen", mocking the "gossip" they spread, and expressing their hatred for cats' characteristics of "torturing the weak", "howling everywhere" and sometimes "coquetry". Recalling the experience and feelings of a lovely hidden mouse being rescued in childhood, it shows sympathy for the weak and hatred for the oppressor.
Dogs, cats and mice have unusual meanings. At the same time, it can be seen that Lu Xun's clear love and hate as a child provided a good essential foundation for him to become a master of literature in the future.
Lu Xun is a revolutionary who is detached from the secular but not divorced from the secular.
2、
A Chang and his thoughts on Shan Hai Jing.
I have long heard of "morning flowers gather in the evening", but I have no chance to appreciate it. So, in this summer vacation, I watched all the morning flowers and evening flowers.
When I first read Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers, I didn't seem to know what to say. But after reading the whole book smoothly, I will know the general idea.
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are written by the author to commemorate his youth. It not only describes his childhood memories and sincere nostalgia for his teachers and friends, but also truly describes the author's life before and after the coup in 1898 and the revolution in 19 1 1, from rural areas to towns, from family to society, and from China to Japan. Every article vividly reflects a corner of social life in that era.
My favorite reading materials are Chang and Shan Hai Jing.
The eldest mother in A Chang Shan Hai Jing, in Lu Xun's mind, was frank and talkative from an early age and had many complicated manners. But she can do what others can't do, and buy Shan Hai Jing. For the eldest mother, Lu Xun only picked a few typical details. For example, when the big mother sleeps, she spreads her hands and feet in the middle of the bed to form a big character, which occupies the whole bed; When cutting tea, erect the second finger, shake it up and down in the air, or light the other person's nose or your own nose, and draw the personality characteristics of the big mother vividly with a few strokes.
For example, Chang and Shan Hai Jing describes Chang, Lu Xun's nanny. This article vividly depicts a typical image of a rural working woman in old China. Some people compare this article to an unusually delicious "morning flower" cultivated by Lu Xun from the memory soil. Indeed, for this woman, Lu Xun not only does not shy away from writing about her beauty and ugliness, but misses everything about her with sincere feelings. Lu Xun admired, disliked, liked and hated her, and his feelings were revealed between the lines. Moreover, I also found that this "old mother" and "Kong" are very similar. Both of them are from old China and have had similar experiences. For example, their names have all been forgotten, and their nicknames have been picked up casually. What a poor man!
3、
Reflections on Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures
There is an article called Twenty-four Filial Pieties in Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers, which is very impressive and feels good.
The article describes the author's feelings of reading Twenty-four Filial Pieties in childhood, and exposes the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. The stories of filial piety, such as "Seeking carp on the ice", "Old Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children", are emphatically analyzed, accusing this feudal filial piety of ignoring children's lives, taking nausea as pleasure, "taking unkindness as a training, slandering ancient evils and teaching future generations ill". The work sharply criticized the tendency of opposing vernacular Chinese and advocating retro at that time.
The so-called Twenty-four Filial Pieties is a book that tells the story of twenty-four filial sons in ancient China. Its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. However, among them, "Lao Lai entertains relatives", "Guo Ju buries children" and "fear of tasting dung" are outrageous. Let's talk about Guo Ju's buried son first. It is said that there was a man named Guo Ju in the Jin Dynasty who was originally very rich. After his father died, he divided the property into two parts and divided it between his two younger brothers. He raised his mother alone and was extremely filial to her. Later, the family became poorer and his wife gave birth to a boy. Guo Ju is worried that raising the child will inevitably affect his mother's support. He discussed with his wife: "The son can be reborn, but the mother can't be resurrected after death. It is better to bury his son and save money to support his mother. " The couple took their son out and dug a hole to bury him. Xing Hao dug up an altar of gold to save his son from death.
Although Guo Ju has filial piety, his behavior of killing children is against human nature, which does not conform to the Confucian concept of "the nature of heaven and earth is precious to human beings". Seemingly filial, but actually cruel. In ancient times, some people sacrificed their lives to pray for God to treat their parents, while others cut meat to satisfy their parents' desire to eat meat. Today, some people offer five zang-organs to treat their parents, but few people kill them. I want to kill my son in order to save food. One is against my mother's love for her grandson, and the other is against my mother's good. Therefore, some people later called this filial piety "foolish filial piety". "
Take a casual look at the Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, and you will see words such as "selling your body to bury your father", "burying your son to serve your mother" and "crying bamboo shoots". "Carving wood for relatives" and "Burying children for mothers" make people feel heartless; Superstitions such as "Xiaogan moves heaven", "lying on the ice for carp" and "crying bamboo shoots" are serious; "Worried about tasting shit" is disgusting.
Filial piety is justified, pedantry is stupid, blind obedience is sad, and defending morality is hateful.
4、
Reading Wudian Club is a rare thing when Lu Xun recalled going to Dongguan to see Wudian Club when he was a child. Because Dongguan is far from the county seat, everyone got up early in the morning. The big ship booked the night before has been moored at Jiangwharf, and chairs, meals, tea stoves and snack boxes have been moved down one after another. When I was a child, Lu Xun laughed and danced, urging them to hurry up. Suddenly, the worker's face became very worried. Little Lu Xun looked around and his father stood behind him. Father told him to bring the book, and he came to his father with the book in his hand. His father taught him to read, "two sentences and one line, about twenty or thirty lines." Let him see it if you recite it, or you won't let him go. It's like pouring a pot of cold water on Lu Xun's head. He read it and remembered it. The sun rises very high, and Lu Xun will definitely walk into his father's study, and his dream will be over. Father agreed to let him go. Everyone is active at the same time. The workers picked him up as if to congratulate him on his success, but Lu Xun was not as happy as they were. After the voyage, the scenery in the waterway, the snacks in the box and the excitement of the Dongguan No.5 cabin meeting all lost their meaning to him. This article describes a subtle conflict between father and son in childhood. My ardent hope for the Five Classics Society and my father's obstruction show my father's ignorance and alienation from children's psychology, and implicitly criticize the irrationality of feudal thoughts and customs. Lu Xun talked about the helplessness and boredom of children when their parents don't care about their psychology. In feudal society, Lu Xun was born in a well-off family in a county town and experienced social changes and family decline. Lu Xun was surrounded by this dark feudal family style and social status quo. In Lu Xun's childhood, many playful and childish childishness from children were obliterated.
5、
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are a unique collection of reminiscence essays by Mr. Lu Xun, which records some past events of the author's childhood and youth. It mainly criticized the social atmosphere at that time and also reflected Lu Xun's homesickness. I was even dazzled by its highlights, among which Achang and Shanhaijing are the most representative. Every sentence can feel the author's gratitude to his mother. The critical categories are impermanence, trivial notes, and twenty-four filial piety. Especially the impermanence I'm reading.
Lu Xun's impermanence shows a social atmosphere at that time, no, it can actually be said to be a criticism. At that time, the classification was very clear, and there was a saying that people had advantages and disadvantages. If they are inferior, they will always be oppressed. Although they lead an ordinary life, they are often bullied. Noble people are more pitiful. They must disguise themselves, live in deception and live in pain, so they are said to be "alive, suffering, being rumoured and swallowed up". And because, however, most people are superstitious and think that they can get rid of the underworld, so everyone likes impermanence. Think about it, this is a terrible feudal society brought disaster to people, alas, it's really terrible! Fortunately, this era of terror and depression is gone forever.
6、
After reading Lu Xun's "Flowers bloom and flowers fall in the morning, from a hundred herbs garden to a three-pool moon", I enjoyed the innocence revealed between the lines and couldn't help but see the fascinating natural picture scroll.
Reading Lu Xun's prose full of childhood memories is like reading Lu Xun's childlike interest in loving nature and yearning for freedom from his heart. It's like seeing a young Mr. Lu Xun, while adults are not paying attention, drilling into the Herbal Garden. Accompanied by insects, picking wild flowers and fruits, catching birds with partners, although not much; I often listen to stories told by nanny's mother, because I am afraid of the red snake in the herb garden. In "Three Tans on the Moon", despite the strict instruction of Teacher Shou, I still can't bear the inner childishness. When I was absorbed in reading, I didn't find that the students were doing all kinds of things, while Lu Xun was absorbed in painting. ...
All the feelings are unforgettable. The author looks at the world with a child's eyes, which makes people feel very cordial. The article shows the author's enthusiasm for nature and yearning for freedom. He wants to play freely and get in close contact with nature, and he doesn't want to be controlled by his parents and slaves. I still remember the trifles of my childhood vividly. When I was a child, I liked the sunshine in spring, the breeze in autumn, and the rape flowers I always picked. I am immersed in the embrace of nature, picking all kinds of flowers, but I am afraid that my master will find out and the flowers will wither in a short time, but I am still immersed in the unrestrained free space.
Now that a building has been built in the field, I am in the midst of intense study. I can't feel the kindness of nature and lose a lot of freedom, but I still yearn for it, whether it can be realized now or not. After reading the article, I was very moved. Although childhood has faded away, leaving only scattered memories, it is better to read Flowers in the Morning carefully, experience the childhood dreams of that different era, and love nature and yearn for freedom with Lu Xun.
7、
Father's illness recalled the scene when his father was ill and delayed treatment when he was a child, and described the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors". Exposed the nature of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.
This story happened in Shaoxing when Lu Xun was young. Lu Xun's father suffered from edema and could not recover for many years. Two expensive doctors were invited to see him. A lot of prescriptions and strange drugs were prescribed, but none of them worked. Finally, my father passed away. Moreover, I heard that the imperial doctor still sits on the runway every day and has a good life.
This article vividly reflects the incompetence of social quacks at that time. When they knew that there was no rule of law for diseases, they were deliberately deceived. It seems to be a panacea, but in fact, they are mystifying and using a smoke screen, which has no effect on the disease. In the end, they make their families run around and get busy only for those things outside-money.
The society at that time was as sick as Lu Xun's father. Lu Xun seems to be shouting and criticizing the feudal and corrupt society at that time.
We must fight to the end with those deceptive wandering doctors in the current society. Distinguish between right and wrong, publicize widely and promote the progress of spiritual civilization.
8、
Trivial Notes is an essay by Mr. Lu Xun, and it is the eighth article in the book Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening.
Miscellaneous Notes introduces Mr. Lu Xun's life experience from leaving his hometown to studying abroad in pursuit of new knowledge. Based on the author's personal experience, this paper writes about the influence of evolution and bourgeois democracy on progressive youth. In the ninth paragraph, it is said that the only school in the city that combines Chinese and Western culture has also become a "target of public criticism". This really shows that the old feudal ideas are deeply rooted, and people do not understand and agree with the new ideas.
What impressed me the most was that when I was studying in Thunderbolt School, the headmaster wrote an essay entitled "On Washington", and the Chinese teacher didn't know what Washington was. This also shows that people's thoughts were old and aging at that time, and people did not accept or reject new ideas. Isn't such a teacher going to delay students' study?
I also hate the so-called "China experts" and "zhina experts" who misinterpret China's long-standing culture. They are an insult to China culture. Of course, those strange ideas will never be accepted by us and should always be resisted.
The most interesting thing about this article is that the two so-called "experiences" before going to study in Japan were just a bunch of nonsense, which shows that China people misunderstood some foreign things at that time.
The following paragraphs also describe the influence of some new cultures on young students at that time, and the older generation's lack of support for learning new knowledge.
Trivial notes can be said to be a microcosm of the society at that time, which well wrote some social phenomena at that time and was a good memorable prose.
9、
Mr. fujino's thoughts after reading.
"I" will go to Japan to study, and I will see big braid hanging on the students' heads from the Qing Dynasty, and the students' hats will rise high, forming a Mount Fuji. This vividly shows the author's satirical makeup for the overseas students in the Qing Dynasty, which not only exposes the arty, ignorant and decadent nature of these overseas students in the Qing Dynasty, but I think it is "really beautiful" and writes the author's feelings in six small words. Decorating "signs" with "reality" is the application of irony, which further strengthens the power of irony and further depicts the author's dislike of them. "I" went to the China International Students' Hall again, and I heard the floor ringing loudly. I was struggling with the smoke in the room. Ask people who are proficient in current affairs and the answer is to learn to dance. How hateful it is for a China person to abandon his own country's culture. They "learn to dance" and disturb others' reading and rest. I read on and saw Amin following Zhu Shunshui, but why should I write about him? I thought for a long time: probably because the author admires such a scholar with national integrity, and more importantly, it embodies the author's patriotic thought! Mosquitoes at night let the author "vent through two nostrils" The author personifies the behavior that mosquitoes can't interrupt, as if mosquitoes are accompanying the author "busy"; Not only that, but also taro stalk soup. Although I haven't tasted it myself, I have experienced it personally. For example, a flower with a changed heart, a bee knows, why do other bees pick it? The author used the method of combining praise and criticism again and again here. Deliberately use "three transgressions, three transgressions" to write this gentleman's verbosity and stubbornness; The incomprehension and reluctance of deliberately writing "I" with words such as "lack" and "only". Seemingly "derogatory", in fact, it vividly shows the Japanese people's concern for overseas students in China.
Looking down, a "suspicious person" appeared: Mr. Fujino. I saw him black and thin, with a moustache, wearing glasses and carrying a stack of books, big and small. As soon as I put the book on the platform, I introduced myself to the students in a slow and frustrating tone: "My name is Fujino Genkuro ..." Several people behind me laughed. The conciseness of this language expresses the personality characteristics of different people. Look at Mr. Fujino, who is a humorous person and introduces himself to the students in a slow and depressed tone.
It was not until "I" copied Mr. Fujino's speech that I discovered that Mr. Fujino had no racial prejudice. When Mr. Fujino sent my handout back, "I" was taken aback, because I saw Mr. Fujino personally change the handout for his foreign students; However, I will also feel uneasy, because there are too many omissions and mistakes in the handout, which bothers my husband; The most important thing is gratitude, which is Mr. Fujino's love for "me"! Although Mr. Fujino loves "I" so much, I will also be dissatisfied: when I open the blood vessel map of the handout, Mr. Fujino will explain it to me meticulously, but "I" is not convinced, but it is not good to refuse verbally to show respect for the teacher.
After graduation, I spent a happy summer in Tokyo. One day, Mr. Fujino asked the idiot "I" in a restrained tone. "I'm worried because I heard that people in China respect ghosts, so I'm afraid you won't dissect corpses. I am finally relieved now, there is no such thing. " Just two greetings, but Mr. Fujino's concern for the author is written on paper, so clear and so moving. But Mr. Fujino sometimes encounters embarrassing problems. For example, women in China have little feet. But why did Mr Fujino ask this question? Perhaps this is what real medical researchers need to study; I always hate this kind of foot binding, so it's hard to say.
Looking at it, I naturally resent this sentence: China is a weak country, so China people are of course imbeciles. If the score is above 60, it is not your own ability: no wonder you are confused. But then I had the fate of visiting and filming China people. This is an extremely indignant sentence written by the author after his national self-esteem and personality were greatly hurt by the exam storm. This sentence is not a direct expression of the author's indignation, but written in the minds of Japanese who discriminate against China: in their view, poor and weak China nationals are all imbeciles, and the score above 60 is due to the teacher's omission of the topic, not because of personal ability. This arbitrary conclusion based on prejudice and humiliation has aroused the author's great indignation. This indignation is not only because of personal humiliation, but also because of the weakness and discrimination of the nation before the powers. So this sentence expresses the author's strong national pride and hope for the prosperity of the motherland. Next, there is another movie, and those people cheer "Long live!" "Didn't you just see the jubilant performance of Japanese shooting China people? And those young people in China are also gloating and insensitive. Isn't this the author's expression of people's extremely painful feelings of mental pedantry?
At the end of the second year, "I" went to see Mr. Fujino. His face looked sad and seemed to want to talk, but he didn't say anything. Looking at my husband's complicated feelings, I hesitated to tell "a lie to comfort him": "I want to study biology, and the knowledge my husband gave me is still useful." However, he sighed slowly: "Teaching anatomical medicine and the like, I am afraid it will not help biology much." Natural dialogue includes "my" gratitude to my husband and her husband's disappointment to me. When he left, he gave "my" photo and told "mine", just like a hot spring, which moistened my heart.
However, after I left Sendai, I was afraid to write to Mr. Fujino, feeling that I couldn't start; Sometimes I want to write, but it's hard to write. Later, I never sent a letter or a photo. And "I" regretted it. After he went, there was no news. However, why can't I write it? Don't you like the teacher? Have you forgotten the teacher? No, it isn't, because the author was disappointed and dissatisfied with the dark and chaotic situation in China after the Revolution of 1911, but he didn't want to bring this emotion to his beloved teacher, and he couldn't comfort his expectation of a good teacher, so he used the word "respect" to fill his infinite regret and guilt. But somehow, I always remember him. Of all the teachers I think, he is the one who makes me most grateful and encouraged. But how can you say "but somehow" when you do it? I think it reflects the author's deep gratitude to Mr. Fujino!
Later, only his photo was still hanging on the east wall where I lived in Beijing, opposite the desk. Whenever I am tired at night and want to be lazy, I catch a glimpse of his black and thin face on his back under the light, as if to say something cadence. "Laziness" is the author's strict statement about himself; "cadence" refers to Mr Fujino's ardent hope for "me" and even China. The last sentence left a deep impression on me: I suddenly realized my conscience and increased my courage, so I lit a cigarette and continued to write some words that made people like "gentlemen" feel deeply painful. The "conscience discovery" here is that the author's patriotic thought and fighting spirit have been touched; "Courage" means that the author has been persecuted by reactionary forces for a long time. The thought of Mr. Fujino's hope for himself and even for China increased his courage; I think "an honest gentleman" is the most important. He satirizes those who are self-righteous, in fact, they are the imperial literati of the imperialist feudal forces to warlords and politicians! It just tells us to fight the reactionary forces to the end and continue to fight for the bright future of China.
10、
"Fan Ainong" traces the author's contact with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China, describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society before the revolution, his pursuit of the revolution and his persecution after the Revolution of 1911, and shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and tenacious patriot.
At the beginning of the article, the author described in plain language that he once knew Fan Ainong in a teahouse. Express your hatred for him first and pave the way for writing about his kindness and friendliness later. The writing technique of wanting to promote and restraining first is in place, and the simple but concise language shows us Mr. Lu Xun's sympathy and sense of responsibility for the victimized students.
It is mentioned in the article that at first, the two were not friends, and they even quarreled several times. However, after the author returned to China, the two met again and became friends from "enemies". Since then, they have almost become close friends. Then, another chance made them colleagues. However, "all good things must come to an end", the author and Fan Ainong separated for work reasons. Finally, life in Fan Ainong is getting worse and worse. One night, after getting drunk, Fan Ainong slipped and drowned in the river.
There is an important detail in the article, which is the description of Shaoxing after the recovery. This actually laid the groundwork for Fan Ainong's tragedy. Lu Xun did not praise Fan Ainong positively, but only showed the cheerful side of Fan Ainong after the revolution from his expression "That smile is unprecedented" and his action "He is really diligent". However, the greater the hope in Fan Ainong's heart, the greater the disappointment. Lu Xun later used a lot of pen and ink to write about the reality of Shaoxing after the recovery, in fact, he was exploring the causes of his friend's tragic fate.
Fan Ainong, an awakened intellectual, can't stand the dark society. His heart is bitter and sad.