(1) "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix·Red Hands"
Song Dynasty: Lu You
Red hands, yellow wine, spring willows on palace walls all over the city . The east wind is evil and happiness is thin. With a heavy heart, I have been away from home for a few years. Wrong, wrong, wrong.
Spring is as old as ever, people are thin and empty, and the tears are red and raw. Peach blossoms fall, leisure pool pavilion. Although the mountain alliance is there, it is difficult to trust the brocade book. Mo, mo, mo!
Appreciation:
This poem is about Lu You’s own love tragedy.
The first part of the poem recalls the happy love life in the past and laments the pain of forced divorce, which has two meanings.
The first three sentences are the first layer of the film, recalling the beautiful scene of visiting Shen Garden with the Tang family in the past: "Red hands, yellow wine. The city is full of spring scenery and willows on the palace walls." Although it is a memory. , but because it is writing lyrics rather than writing essays or memoirs, it is impossible to write down the entire scene, so I only selected one scene to write, and for this scene, I only selected one or two of the most representative and characteristic scenes. Write the details of the love affair.
"Red Crisp Hands" not only describes Tang's beautiful posture when she is diligently holding the lamp for the poet, but also summarizes the beauty of Tang's whole person (including her inner beauty). However, more importantly, it concretely and vividly expresses the tenderness and affection between this loving couple and the contentment and happiness of their married life. The third sentence outlines a broad and far-reaching background for this picture of a couple drinking in the Spring Garden, making it clear that they are enjoying the spring scenery. The ruddy color of Tang's arms, the yellow seal of the wine, and the green of the willow color give this picture a bright and harmonious sense of color.
The sentences of "East Wind Evil" are the second level, describing the writer's painful mood after being forced to divorce Tang's family. The previous level describes the spring scenery and love, which is infinitely beautiful, but here it suddenly changes, and the angry emotional tide suddenly breaks through the gate of the poet's heart, and is vented uncontrollably. The three words "East Wind Evil" are a pun with rich implications. They are the key to the whole poem and the crux of the poet's love tragedy.
Originally, the east wind can revitalize the earth and bring vitality to all things. However, when it blows wildly, it will also destroy the spring appearance. The next piece says: "Peach blossoms fall, "Xianchi Pavilion" is the serious consequence of its wild blowing and sweeping, so it is called "evil".
However, it is mainly a metaphor for the "evil" forces that caused the poet's love tragedy. As for whether Mother Lu is also included, the answer should not be denied. It is only because it is inconvenient to say it explicitly, but it cannot be left unsaid, so it has to be expressed in this implicit way.
The following three sentences further express the poet's resentment against the "East Wind", and add the word "evil": "Happiness is thin. With melancholy, I have been away for a few years." A happy marriage was forced to be broken up, and a loving couple was forced to separate, causing them both to suffer tremendous emotional torture and pain. The separation for several years only brought them full of sorrow and resentment.
This is just like the brilliant spring flowers that have been destroyed by the ruthless east wind and withered and drifted away. Next, "wrong, wrong, wrong", three "wrong" words burst out in succession. It was a mistake, a mistake, and even a wrong blame. The feelings were extremely painful. But who is at fault? Is it a denial of the fact that I "didn't dare to go against His Majesty's will" and ended up "making love with my wife"? Is it a denial of the oppressive behavior of His Holiness? Is it a denial of the unreasonable marriage system?
The poet did not say it clearly, and it is not convenient for him to say it clearly. This "olive weighing a thousand pounds" (a phrase from "A Dream of Red Mansions") is left to the readers to chew and taste. Although this level expresses one's heart directly, the passionate emotions are rushing down like a river, all at once; but they are not all gone. Among them, the words "East Wind is evil" and "Wrong, wrong, wrong" are very strange.
The second part of the poem, from lamenting the past to reality, further expresses the great sadness of his wife being forced to divorce, which is also divided into two levels.
Change the first three sentences to the first level, describing Tang's behavior when Shen Yuan reunited. "Spring is as old as before" comes from the sentence "The city is full of spring scenery" from the previous film, which is also the background of the encounter at this time. It's still the same spring day as before, but people are no longer what they used to be. In the past, Tang's skin was so rosy and full of youthful vitality; but now, after being ruthlessly ravaged by the "east wind", she has become haggard and thin. Although the sentence "people are thin in space" only describes the changes in the appearance of Down syndrome, it clearly shows the great pain that "several years of separation" has brought to her.
Like the poet, she is also tortured by "melancholy"; like the poet, she also has old feelings and longs for her. Otherwise, he wouldn't be so thin. It is a very common technique in literary works to describe changes in appearance to express changes in the inner world, but adding the word "empty" between "human" and "thin" has a different meaning. "The king has his own wife, and Luofu has his own husband."
("Ancient Poetry: Mo Shang Sang") From the perspective of marriage, the two of them have long been unrelated. "Thin" means torturing yourself for lovesickness in vain. With this word, the poet's sympathy, comfort, pain, etc. are all expressed.
The sentence "Tear marks" further expresses Tang's emotional state during this encounter by describing her expressions and movements. Reunited in the old garden, she couldn't help but cry when thinking about the past, and she couldn't help but burst into tears. However, the poet did not directly write that her face was full of tears. Instead, she used the technique of line drawing and wrote that her "tears were stained red and the crocodile gauze showed through", which seemed more tactful, calm, more vivid, and more touching.
And the word "transparent" not only shows how much tears he sheds, but also how sad he is. In the second layer of the film, the lyricist herself used a direct expression of her feelings; here, when writing about Tang syndrome, she changed her technique and only wrote about the changes in her appearance and body and her painful mood. Because everything written in this layer is composed of lyrics. It can be seen in the human eye, so it has the artistic effect of "two emotions at once". It can be seen that the poet is not only deep in emotion, but also deep in words.
The last few sentences of the poem are the second layer of the next film, which shows the painful feelings of the lyricist after meeting Tang's syndrome. The two sentences "Peach Blossom Falling" echo the sentence "East Wind Evil" in the previous film, and highlight that although the description of the scene is a description of the scene, it also implies human affairs. Peach blossoms wither and gardens become deserted. These are just changes in things and things, but changes in people and things are even worse than changes in things.
The Tang family, who is as beautiful as peach blossoms, has also been tortured and emaciated by the ruthless "east wind"; the poet's own state of mind is also as lonely and desolate as "Xianchi Pavilion". It's clever and natural to have two ideas in one stroke. The following turns to direct emotion: "Although the alliance is there, it is difficult to trust the brocade book."
Although these two sentences have only eight characters, they can express the poet's inner pain. Although he said that his love is as strong as a rock and his infatuation will never change, it is difficult to express such a sincere heart. You obviously love, but you can't love; you know you can't love, but you can't cut off the thread of love.
In an instant, there was love, hate, pain, and resentment, plus the pity and comfort generated by seeing Tang’s haggard face and sad condition. It was really a mixture of emotions. Thousands of arrows are clustered in the heart, and an indescribable sadness bursts out of the chest and throat again: "Mo, Mo, Mo!" It means: The matter has come to this, and it can no longer be repaired or undone. These thousands of emotions What else do you want it to do? What do you think it does? So he cut the mess with a sharp knife: Forget it, forget it, forget it! It is clear that the words are not finished, the meaning is not finished, the feeling is not over yet, but it just leaves it like this, and the whole poem ends with an extremely painful sigh.
This poem always arranges its words around the specific space of Shen Garden. The first film goes from tracing the past to the present, and then transitions to "East Wind Evil"; after the film returns to reality, "Spring is as old" echoes the sentence "The city is full of spring scenery" in the previous film, and "Peach blossoms fall in the leisurely pond pavilion" echoes the sentence "The east wind is evil" in the previous film. Love affairs and scenes in the same space and different times are vividly painted. The ground is reflected.
The whole poem uses contrasting techniques. For example, in the above film, the more vividly the beautiful scenes of the couple living together in the past are written as if they are now, the more deeply they feel about their sad mood after they were forced to divorce. It can be felt, and the more ruthless and hateful "Dongfeng" is shown, thus forming a strong emotional contrast.
For another example, the upper part says "red hands" and the lower part says "the person is empty and thin". In the vivid and sharp contrast, they fully show the impact of "several years of separation" on Down syndrome. Huge mental torture and pain. The whole poem has a rapid rhythm and a sad tone, coupled with the two exclamations of "wrong, wrong, wrong" and "mo, mo, mo", which is very soul-stirring and full of unspeakable and unspeakable emotions.
All in all, this poem achieves the perfect unity of content and form. It is a unique and tear-jerking work.
(2) "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix·The world's sentiments are thin"
Song Dynasty: Tang Wan
The world's sentiments are thin, human nature is evil, and flowers fall easily at dusk when it rains. The morning wind dries, leaving traces of tears. When I want to write down my thoughts, I talk alone in Xilan. Difficult, difficult, difficult! People are different, today is not yesterday, and the sick soul is always like a rope on a swing. The sound of the horn is cold and the night is dark. Afraid of being asked, I swallow my tears and pretend to be happy. Hide it, hide it, hide it! (Pretending to be happy: makeup)
Appreciation:
Tang Wan is one of the beautiful and passionate talented women who are often mentioned in the history of our country. She got married to the great poet Lu You, and the couple got along very well with each other. This is truly a beautiful thing in the world. Unfortunately, as the mother-in-law, Lu You's mother always disliked this talented daughter-in-law and forced Lu You to divorce her whom he loved deeply.
Lu You adopted a perfunctory attitude towards his mother's intervention; he put Tang Wan in a villa and met each other secretly from time to time. Unfortunately, Mother Lu discovered the secret and took drastic measures to finally separate the lovers. Tang Wan later remarried Zhao Shicheng, a clan member of the same county, but she still missed Lu You endlessly. During a spring outing, I happened to meet Lu You in Shen Garden. After Tang Wan obtained Zhao Shicheng's consent, he sent someone to bring wine and food to Lu You. Lu You missed his old love and was filled with regret, so he wrote the famous poem "The Hairpin Phoenix" to express his gratitude. Tang Wan responded with this word.
The first part of the poem is intertwined with very complex emotional content. The two sentences "The world is thin and the world is evil" express the resentment towards the worldly world under the control of feudal ethics. "Worldly feelings" are "thin" and "human feelings" are "evil" because "emotions" are corrupted by feudal ethics. "Book of Rites: Nei Principles" says: "A son is suitable for his wife, but his parents are displeased, so he leaves."
Based on this etiquette, Mother Lu broke up a loving couple. The use of the words "evil" and "bo" to criticize the harmful nature of feudal ethics is extremely accurate and powerful. The author's deep hatred for feudal ethics is fully vented through these two words. "When the rain comes and the flowers fall easily at dusk," the poem uses symbolic techniques to metaphorize its miserable situation of being devastated.
Flowers at rainy dusk were originally a favorite image in Lu You's poems. His "Divination Operator" once used it to describe himself.
Tang Wan incorporated this image into her work, which not only expresses her own sorrow and mourning, but also shows that she and Lu You have a close connection. "The wind dries at dawn, but the traces of tears remain" describes the inner pain, which is extremely touching and touching. The flowers and plants that were wet by the rain at dusk were dried by the morning breeze, but the tears that had been shed all night were still wet at dawn, and the traces were still there. How sad this is!
There are many examples of using rain as a metaphor for tears in ancient poetry, but the use of rainwater blown dry by the morning breeze to contrast the inability of a handkerchief to wipe away tears is used to express the never-ending sorrow in the heart. This is undoubtedly Logan's original creation. The two sentences "If you want to write down your thoughts and talk alone in Xilan" mean that she wants to write down her inner feelings of separation and lovesickness on a letter and send it to the other party. Should she do this?
She was leaning on the railing, thinking and talking alone. "Difficult, difficult, difficult!" are all words spoken alone. It can be seen that she finally did not do this. Just because of the cruelty and inhumanity of feudal ethics. The word "difficulty" in this stack of sounds is composed of thousands of sorrows and resentments, and tens of thousands of grievances. Therefore, it seems simple and complex, with less and more. It is a continuation of the opening two sentences to express the decline and decline here. It is difficult to be a human being in this world, and it is even more difficult to be a woman; and the following text is opened to show that it is especially difficult to be a woman who remarries after being divorced.
In the film, "Everyone is different, today is not yesterday, and the sick soul is always like a rope on a swing." These three sentences have a strong artistic summary. "Everyone becomes his own" is from a spatial perspective. The author imagines this from two aspects: Lu You and himself: Although he felt lonely after being divorced, didn't Lu You, who loved him deeply, also feel alone? "Today is not yesterday" is from the perspective of time. It contains many misfortunes.
From yesterday's happy marriage to today's lovesickness, from yesterday's forced divorce to today's forced remarriage, how unfortunate it is! But the unfortunate thing continues: "Sick souls are often like swing ropes." It is obviously a deliberate decision to say "sick soul" instead of "dream soul". The dream soul wandered through the night, became ill due to overwork, and finally became a "sick soul". Yesterday there was a dream soul, but today there is only a "sick soul". This is also the misfortune of "today is not yesterday". What's even more unfortunate is that after remarrying, I lost all the freedom to grieve and cry, and I could only grieve secretly at night.
The four sentences "The sound of the horn is cold, the night is dark, I am afraid of being asked, I swallow my tears and pretend to be happy" concretely express this kind of plight. The word "cold" is like the desolation and resentment of the sound of the horn, and the word "wan" is like the end of the long night. This is something that can only be felt so clearly by someone who has been up all night.
Generally, after a long night of insomnia, the closer to dawn, the more irritable the mood becomes. However, the heroine in this poem not only has no time to be irritable, but also has to swallow her tears and force a smile. One can imagine the pain in his state of mind. The sentence ends with three words "hide", which again echoes the beginning. Since the hateful feudal ethics do not allow pure and noble love to exist, then treasure it in your heart! Therefore, the more she hides it, the more she can see her deep love and unswerving loyalty to Lu You.
Compared with Lu You's original words, Lu You integrated the vision and reality into one, and filled it with a mixture of regret and regret, trying to paint a sad and sad emotional picture, so it is quite interesting. It can be known to future generations for its unique voice and emotion. But Tang Wan is different. Her situation is more miserable than Lu You. Since ancient times, "the sound of melancholy and thoughts must be wonderful", and "the words of poverty are easy to be good" (Han Yu's "Preface to Jingtan Singing Poems").
As long as she truly writes about the sorrow she suffered, it will be a good poem. Therefore, this word is purely a self-pity, weeping, and solitary emotional outpouring. It mainly touches the past and present with lingering and persistent feelings and tragic experiences. Although the artistic methods used in the two words are different, they are both suitable for their respective personalities, experiences and identities. It can be said that each has achieved his or her best, and both have reached the highest level. Read together, it is quite a wonderful combination and complement each other.
This poem written by Tang Wan is recorded in the records of the Song Dynasty. There are only two sentences: "The world is thin and human beings are evil", and it is said that "it is a pity that it was not possible to complete it" (details in Chen Hu's "Qi Jiuxu" Wen” Volume 10). This word was first seen in Volume 10 of "Ancient and Modern Ci Tong" compiled by Zhuo Renyue in the Ming Dynasty, and in Volume 118 of "Poetry of the Past Dynasties" compiled by Shen Chenyuan in the Qing Dynasty. Since it was a little late, Yu Pingbo suspected that it was later written based on the two remaining sentences.