Napoleon was born in 1769 in ajaccio, Corsica. His family is an Italian aristocratic family. As soon as Corsica was sold to the French Republic, the French king admitted that his father was a nobleman in the French Republic. Under the arrangement of his father, Napoleon went to the Brehon Military Academy in the French Republic for education at the age of 9. 1784 After graduating with honors, he was sent to the Paris Military Academy.
Napoleon thought he was a foreigner at first, hoping to make Corsica independent from the French Republic one day. His father died at the age of 16. He dropped out of school and was awarded the title of second lieutenant in artillery. During his stay with the army in various places, he read many works of enlightenment thinkers, including Jean? Jacob. Rousseau's thoughts had a great influence on him. 1789 After the French Revolution broke out, Napoleon returned to Corsica, hoping to promote Corsica's independence, but was excluded by another pro-British and anti-French Poly Group, and finally his family fled to the French Republic.
1793 In July, Napoleon led troops to capture the royalist fortress of Toulon, so he was appreciated by jacobins. Napoleon was investigated for his close relationship with the robespierre brothers in the hot month coup of 1794, and was later removed from the rank of brigadier general because he refused to serve in the infantry unit of the Italian legion. 1795, entrusted by ballas, the governor of Paris, successfully put down the armed rebellion of the royalist party, and was promoted to lieutenant general of the army and commander of the garrison in Paris overnight, making a name for himself in the military and political circles.
Napoleon was an excellent strategist, who had a deep study of military knowledge at that time and was good at applying various military strategies to actual combat, especially advocating the centralized use of artillery and giving full play to the mobile role of cavalry. 1796 On March 2, 26, Napoleon was appointed commander-in-chief of the Italian army of the French Republic. On March 9, he and his lover Josephine? Bohanas got married and hurried to the front. In Italy, Napoleon's army repeatedly repelled the first anti-French alliance between the Austrian Empire and Sa Ding, and finally forced the other side to sign an armistice treaty in favor of the French Republic.
The rise of Napoleon
After the victory of the Italian campaign, Napoleon's prestige became higher and higher, and he became a new hero of the French Republic. His rise made the governor feel threatened, so he was appointed as the commander of the army of the Arab Republic of Egypt and sent to the east to curb the expansion of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the region. In Napoleon's expedition, in addition to 2000 cannons, he also brought 175 scholars from various industries, as well as hundreds of boxes of books and research equipment. During the expedition, Napoleon once issued a famous instruction: "Let donkeys and scholars walk in the middle of the team." Napoleon himself was proficient in mathematics and loved literature and religion very much, which was greatly influenced by the Enlightenment.
However, 1798' s expedition to Egypt itself was a great failure. Napoleon's fleet was completely destroyed by British Admiral Nelson, and his troops were trapped in Egypt. 1799 When returning to China, there were only two small boats left in the 400 warships, and the original plan to invade India was blocked and suffered heavy losses.
At this time, the European anti-French alliance gradually formed, and the royalist forces of the French Republic gradually rose. 1799 In August, Napoleon finally decided to go back to Paris. 1799 In June, Napoleon, who returned to the French Republic, was welcomed as the "savior". 165438+1October 9, Napoleon launched a coup in the foggy month and succeeded, becoming the first ruler of the French Republic, actually a dictator.
After Napoleon, many major reforms were carried out in politics, education, justice, administration, legislation and economy. Among them, the most famous Code of Napoleon, which still has important influence, was drafted by Napoleon on the night of the coup. Napoleon himself participated in the discussion and finalized many articles, basically adopting the more rational principles put forward in the early days of the French Republic revolution. This code was officially implemented in 1804. Even after more than a century, it is still the current law of the French Republic. Code plays an important role in the legislation of Germany, Spain, Switzerland and other countries. In an announcement to the people three weeks after the coup, Napoleon proudly declared: "Citizens, the Great Revolution has returned to the principles from which it originated. The Great Revolution is over. "
Napoleon, emperor of the French Republic
1802 In August, the eight-year constitution of the Republic was revised and changed to life-long governance. 1804165438+1October 6, the Republic Constitution of 12 was adopted by referendum, and the French Republic was changed to the French Empire, Napoleon? Bonaparte was the French emperor. He was called Napoleon I on February 2, 65438. Instead of being crowned by Pope pope pius vii, he put a crown on his head and gave it to his wife Josephine? Bohanas was crowned queen. A year later, he was crowned king of Italy by the Pope in Italy.
1805 In August, Austria, Britain and Russia formed the third anti-French alliance, so Napoleon left Paris on September 24 and went eastward in person. By June of 10, the French army had occupied Munich. 10 10/7 After the fierce fighting between the French Republic and the Austrian Republic in Ulm, the anti-French alliance surrendered. Then the French Republic won the battle of Austerlitz, and the anti-French alliance collapsed again, forcing the Austrian Republic to cancel the title of Holy Roman Empire. Napoleon then joined the German vassal states to form the "Rhine Federation" and put it under his own protection. The following autumn, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia and Prussia formed the fourth anti-French alliance, but in June 65438 +65438 10+April, the French army defeated the enemy in Jena and Olstadt at the same time, and the Prussian army was almost wiped out, so Napoleon gained most of Germany. 1in June, 807, the French army defeated the Russian army again in Poland. Napoleon met with Russian czar Alexander I and the two sides signed a peace treaty. The year before, Napoleon issued an Amnesty in Berlin, announcing the mainland blockade policy and prohibiting any trade between the European continent and Britain. Since then, the supremacy of the French Republic in the European continent has been established. Napoleon I was also the king of Italy, the protector of the Rhine Federation and the arbiter of the Swiss Federation, and named his brothers Joseph, Louis and Jerome the kings of Naples, Holland and Westphalia respectively.
Turning point: invasion of Spain, Austria and Russia
/kloc-at the end of 0/807, civil strife broke out in Spain, and the Spanish king was spurned by the people. Napoleon then took the opportunity to invade Spain and let his eldest brother Joseph? Joseph Bonaparte became king of Spain. But this move was opposed by the Spanish, and Napoleon could not quell the local riots at all. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland intervened in the Spanish dispute on 1808. British troops landed in Montego Bay on August 8th and occupied the whole of Portugal on August 30th. Later, with the support of local nationalists, they gradually drove the French out of the Iberian Peninsula.
At the beginning of 1809, when Napoleon fell into the quagmire of Spain, the fifth anti-French alliance was established. The Austrian Republic attacked French territory in Germany from behind, and Napoleon was forced to withdraw his troops from Spain and lead the army eastward. Although the army of the Austrian Republic gained an advantage at first, Napoleon soon turned defeat into victory, forcing the Austrian Republic to sign the Vienna Peace Treaty and cede land again. The following year, Napoleon married Princesse Marie of the Austrian Republic? Luisa as his wife, FAO formed an alliance.
By the end of 18 1 1, the relationship between France and Russia began to deteriorate. Russian czar Alexander I refused to continue to cooperate with the French Republic against Britain, and eventually the war broke out. Napoleon led an army of 500,000 people who spoke 12 languages into Russia. Russian troops retreated and did not resist until the French army entered Moscow after the Battle of Borodino on September 18 12 (70,000 French troops were killed and seriously injured). Napoleon thought Alexander I would compromise, but he was greeted by a sea of fire all over Moscow. At this time, another failed coup was planned in China, forcing him to rush back to the French Republic. Finally, only 10000 people returned to the French Republic.
Defeat, Exile, Hundred Days Regime and Waterloo
18 13 the United kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland, Russia, Prussia and Austria formed the sixth anti-French alliance, and the two sides fought fiercely in Germany many times. Although the French army won many victories, Napoleon was under increasing pressure. Until the battle of Leipzig in 10, the French army was defeated, and the vassal state became independent from the French Republic, and the allies began to advance to Paris. 1865438+March 3, 20041day, Paris was occupied. The Allies demanded the unconditional surrender of the French Republic, and Napoleon had to abdicate. 181April 13 Napoleon signed the abdication edict at Fontainebleau Palace in Paris, and two days later Napoleon announced his unconditional surrender. Napoleon himself was exiled to the Mediterranean island of Elba after he abdicated. Napoleon retained the title of "Emperor", but his territory was limited to that small island.
Napoleon was almost assassinated on his way to the island of Elba and tried to commit suicide. In Paris, Louis Stanislas Xavier returned to the French Republic, became the king of the French Republic again, and the Bourbon Dynasty was restored. Napoleon's wife and son were imprisoned by the Austrian Republic, and it was rumored that Napoleon would be exiled to an island in the Atlantic Ocean. All these left Napoleon with no choice but to flee the island on February 26th, 2005 and lead 65,438+0,000 people back to the French Republic on March 65,438+0. The troops of the French Republic sent to stop him continued to support Napoleon. On March 20th, Napoleon returned to Paris. By this time, his regular army10.4 million people, volunteers 200 thousand people. Louis Stanislas Xavier escaped and the Hundred Days Dynasty began.
However, the good times did not last long, and European countries quickly formed the seventh anti-French alliance. 18 15 June18 Napoleon's army was completely annihilated in the Battle of Waterloo, Belgium, and he formally surrendered on July15. The First Empire of France fell, and Louis Stanislas Xavier was restored again. Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena. 1821May 5, Napoleon died on the island. On May 8th, the conqueror was buried beside Tolbert Springs on St Helena and paid tribute to him. To this day, there are still different opinions about Napoleon's death. The autopsy report of a doctor in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shows that he died of a severe gastric ulcer, but new research holds that Napoleon died of arsenic poisoning, and historians also found arsenic-containing minerals from the wallpaper loved by nobles in those days, presumably because the environment was humid and Shen infiltrated into the environment.
Nine years after his death, under the pressure of the people, the New Orleans dynasty erected a statue of Napoleon on the pillar of Vendom. 1840, Louis of the July dynasty of the French Republic? Philip sent his son to retrieve Napoleon's body. 65438+ February 65438+In May of that year, Napoleon's coffin was transported back to Paris, passed through the Arc de Triomphe, and was buried in the old disabled soldiers' retirement home (Honorary Military Hospital) on the banks of the Seine.
Another version
Napoleon I, a famous general and emperor of the French Republic, was born in ajaccio, Corsica in 1769. His original name was Napoleon? Biological bomb. The French Republic acquired Corsica about 15 months before his birth. Napoleon was a nationalist when he was young and thought that the French Republic was an oppressor. But Napoleon was sent by his father to study in the military academy of the French Republic. 1785 when he graduated, he was only sixteen years old and began to work as a second lieutenant in the army.
Four years later, the revolution of the French Republic broke out, and the newly established government of the French Republic was involved in the torrent of war with several foreign powers within a few years. God gave Napoleon a chance to get ahead for the first time. He commanded the artillery units to recapture Toulon from the French and British troops in the siege of Toulon in 1793. At this time, he had given up his Corsican nationalism and regarded himself as the French Republic. He made a great contribution in the siege of Toulon. Promoted to brigade commander, 1796 promoted to commander of French army in Italy. From 1796 to 1797, Napoleon won a series of brilliant victories in Italy, and then returned to Paris as a hero.
1798, Napoleon led the French army to invade Egypt, and the expedition was a fiasco. Although Napoleon's army won a great victory on land, the navy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland under Nelson destroyed the fleet of the French Republic. 1799 Napoleon gave up his army in the Arab Republic of Egypt and returned to the French Republic.
When Napoleon returned to the French Republic, he found that people remembered his success in directing the Italian war, not his failure in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Napoleon took advantage of this, and a month later he and Abe? Xi Yu Ye and others staged a coup and announced the establishment of a new government-the executive government. He was the first ruling government. Although Napoleon presided over the formulation of a complete constitution and voted for the people, it was only a mask of his military dictatorship, and he quickly defeated other accomplices in the coup.
Therefore, the speed of Napoleon's career is amazing. 1793 Before the siege of Toulon in August, he was just a nobody, a 24-year-old young officer with incomplete French Republic descent; Less than six years later, at the age of 30, he became the undisputed monarch of the French Republic, and his reign lasted more than 14 years.
During his reign, Napoleon carried out major reforms in the administrative and legal systems of the French Republic. He reformed the financial structure and judicial system of the French Republic; Establishing the Bank of France and the University of France; Implement the centralized administrative system of the French Republic. Although these reforms have had an important and lasting impact on the French Republic itself, they have little impact on other countries in the world.
However, a reform carried out by Napoleon of course went far beyond the borders of the French Republic, that is, he created the civil code of the French Republic, the famous Napoleonic Code. This code embodies the ideal of the French Republic revolution in many ways. For example, everyone has no blood privilege before the code, and everyone is equal before the code. At the same time, the code is close to the past laws and customs of the French Republic and is accepted by the public and legal circles of the French Republic. In short, the code is robust and moderate, clear and concise, and it is commendable. Therefore, the code was not only implemented in the French Republic (the civil law of the French Republic today is obviously similar to the original Napoleonic Code), but also adopted by many other countries after partial revision. Napoleon's consistent policy was to be a defender of the revolution. But in 1804, Napoleon officially declared himself the emperor of the French Republic, and let his three brothers climb the pole in other European countries. His behavior undoubtedly aroused the disgust of some Republicans in the French Republic-they thought it was a complete betrayal of the revolutionary ideal of the French Republic-but the only serious difficulty Napoleon faced was the war from abroad.
1802, Napoleon signed a peace treaty with Britain in Amiens in order to give the French Republic a breathing space after more than ten years of war. However, the peace treaty was torn up the following year, and a series of long-term wars took place between the French Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and their allies. Although Napoleon's army kept winning on land, to conquer the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, it was necessary to defeat its navy. Napoleon 1805 is unlucky. In the decisive battle at Cape Tefara, the navy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was invincible and won a great victory. Since then, Britain has basically gained the right to control the sea. Although Napoleon defeated the Austrian-Russian Coalition forces only six weeks after the Battle of Cape Trafalgar and achieved a brilliant victory, it failed to really make up for the great defeat of his navy.
1808 Napoleon foolishly involved the French Republic in a protracted and aimless Iberian Peninsula war, which left the French army in a dilemma for many years. But Napoleon's fatal mistake was his war against Russia. 1807, Napoleon met with the Russian czar and signed the Tilsit Agreement, vowing to establish permanent friendship. However, this alliance has gradually become vicious. 18 12, Napoleon invaded Russia.
The end of the war is well known. Russian troops usually avoid confrontation with Napoleon. Therefore, he was able to attack quickly and occupied Moscow in September. But the Russians lit a fire all over the sky and almost turned the whole city into ashes. Napoleon waited in Moscow for five weeks, but his hopes for peace were dashed, and he finally decided to withdraw, but it was too late. The Russian army, the ruthlessness of the Russian winter and the shortage of the French army suddenly made the soldiers of the French Republic panic, make a mess and trample on each other. As a result, less than 10% people can escape alive.
Other European countries, such as Austria and Prussia, realize that now is a great opportunity for them to get rid of the rule of the French Republic. They banded together to attack Napoleon. Napoleon suffered another devastating defeat in the battle of Leipzig. The following year, he announced his resignation and was exiled to the island of Elba on the Italian coast.
18 15 years, he fled from the island of elba to the French Republic, where he was very popular and successfully restored. Other European powers immediately declared war, and one hundred days after his restoration, he was finally defeated at Waterloo. After the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was imprisoned by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on St. Helena, a small island in the South Atlantic, and died of cancer in 182 1.
Napoleon's military career was full of contradictions and unpredictability. His tactical command genius is amazing. If we only judge from this aspect, we may regard him as the greatest general who transcends time and space. But from a major strategic point of view, he is prone to make conspicuous blind mistakes, such as invading the Arab Republic of Egypt and Russia. Napoleon's strategic mistakes were so serious that he was not a first-class general. Is such an evaluation unfair? I don't think so. There is no doubt that the criterion for evaluating whether a general is great depends on his ability to avoid causing heavy casualties. Therefore, it is not controversial to evaluate the greatest generals like Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan and Timur, because their troops have never lost a battle. Napoleon was finally defeated, so the territory he conquered abroad was like a cloud in the sky, drifting away with the wind. After his final defeat in 18 15, the French Republic occupied less territory than when the Great Revolution broke out in 1789.
There is no doubt that Napoleon was an extreme egoist. People often compare him with Hitler, but there is an extremely important difference between them. Hitler was to a great extent the crash of Xie Sidi, while Napoleon was an ambitious opportunist who had no special interest in the sensational massacre. Napoleon's rule is no match for Nazi concentration camps.
Napoleon is so famous that people often overestimate his influence. His influence in the short term is indeed great, perhaps even greater than that of Alexander the Great, although far less than that of Hitler (it is estimated that nearly 500,000 soldiers died in the French Republic in the Napoleonic Wars and 8 million Germans died in the Second World War). In any case, Napoleon's activities are far less than Hitler's in quantity and influence on the life of his contemporaries.
In the long run, Napoleon seems more important than Hitler, but not as important as Alexander. Napoleon carried out extensive political reforms in the French Republic, but the population of the French Republic is less than one-seventieth of the world, so we must treat such political reforms realistically. Judging from his influence on the personal life of the French Republic, his reform is far less than the unprecedented political reform in the past two centuries.
It is said that the Napoleonic era provided an opportunity to consolidate the achievements of the French Republic revolution and ensure the vested interests of the bourgeoisie in the French Republic. Therefore, when the monarchy of the French Republic was finally restored in 18 15, these changes were so deeply rooted in the hearts of the people that it was impossible to restore the social order of the old system. But the most important change happened before Napoleon. 1799 When Napoleon came to power, it seemed that it was too late to restore the original state. Although Napoleon had his own ambition to establish a monarchy, he played a role in spreading the ideal of the French Republic revolution throughout Europe.
Napoleon also had a great indirect influence on the history of Latin America. His invasion of Spain weakened the Spanish government and made it unable to control its colonies in Latin America for several years. It was during this period of de facto autonomy that the independence movement in Latin America began.
Napoleon made a deal, which seemed to have nothing to do with his main intention, but it became the most lasting and meaningful event in his life. That is, Napoleon sold a large piece of land to the United States in 1803. He realized that it must be very difficult to defend the land occupied by the French Republic in North America from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and he lacked funds. The Louisiana Contract is perhaps the largest land transfer in the whole history, making the United States a country with an area close to a continent. Without the Louisiana contract, it is difficult to predict what the United States would be like, and it will definitely be very different from today's America. In fact, if there is no Louisiana contract, it is hard to say whether the United States can become a powerful country.
Of course, Napoleon was not the only factor that contributed to the signing of the Louisiana contract. Obviously, the US government has also played a role. However, the asking price of the French Republic is very low. It seems that no matter which American government is willing to do this business, the decision of the French Republic government to sell Louisiana territory is made by Napoleon alone.
Napoleon souvenir
1769 August 15 was born in a poor aristocratic family in ajaccio, Corsica.
125 April 779, studied military affairs at the Brenney Military Academy in the French Republic.
1784 10, was ordered to transfer to the Royal Military Academy in Paris.
1In September 785, Napoleon graduated with the rank of second lieutenant.
In June, 1785, 1 1, began to serve in the "Rafer Artillery Regiment" in Vallance.
1789, the bourgeois revolution broke out in the French Republic. Napoleon sympathized with the revolution and once became a supporter of jacobins. He returned to his hometown of Corsica three times and actively carried out activities for the autonomy and freedom of Corsica. Due to the exclusion of the local pro-British and anti-French Poly Group, the family was forced to move to the French Republic.
1793 In July, Napoleon led an army to capture Toulon, the fortress of the royalist party, which was deeply appreciated by Augustus robespierre of jacobins. 1794 In June, Napoleon was appointed as Major General and Artillery Brigade Commander. After the hot month coup, jacobins 103 people were killed, and Napoleon was also implicated and arrested on August 5. After trial, he was acquitted, but he was removed from the rank of major general and the post of artillery brigade commander. Napoleon was trapped in Paris for some time.
17951On October 4th, a royalist armed rebellion took place in Paris. Governor ballas invited Napoleon to help quell the rebellion. Napoleon defeated the rebels with artillery and saved the crisis. The governor promoted Napoleon to lieutenant general and commander of the Paris garrison. Overnight, Napoleon, down and out, became a big shot in military and political circles.
1796 On March 2, Napoleon, who was only 26 years old, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Italian army of the French Republic and began his career of independent combat. On March 9th, Napoleon and Josephine Beauharnais, a famous Paris socialite, got married in a hurry. Two days later, he bid farewell to his new wife and rushed to the Italian legion to take office. He commanded tens of thousands of troops to March into Italy, and fought continuously with the Austrian Army and Sardinian Army, the first anti-French Coalition, in a favorable position, and achieved a series of brilliant victories. When he triumphed in Paris from Italy, he made up his mind to be the leader of the country that unified the whole country. The rising Napoleon made the governor feel threatened, and the governor officials decided to move him away from Paris.
1April 798 12, Napoleon was appointed as the commander of the army of the Arab Republic of Egypt (Oriental Army) of the French Republic. On May 18, 2008, Napoleon sent troops to the East and made an expedition to the Arab Republic of Egypt. He hopes to realize his ideal with the help of new victories.
1799 On August 22nd, Napoleon secretly left the Arab Republic of Egypt and returned to Paris.
1799165438+1October 9, (foggy month 18) Napoleon launched a coup to overthrow the prefect government and establish a three-person rule.
On June 1800, Napoleon defeated the Austrian army in marengo, forcing the second anti-French alliance to disintegrate. Napoleon took advantage of the short-lived peace in the European continent, vigorously governed and developed national strength, and the French Republic once experienced prosperity.
1802 On August 4th, the French Republic promulgated the Ten-year Republican Constitution, and Napoleon ruled the French Republic for life.
1804 On March 2 1 day, Napoleon officially promulgated the Civil Code of the French Republic.
1may 804 18, the 12-year constitution of the Republic was promulgated, declaring the French Republic as the French empire and Napoleon as the emperor.
1February 2, 804, Napoleon held a coronation ceremony in Notre Dame de Paris, known as Napoleon I.
1August 9, 805, Austria, Britain and Russia formed the third anti-French alliance. Napoleon led his army eastward and won the battles of Ulm and Austerlitz. The Russian emperor and the Austrian emperor fled in panic. Napoleon used his victory to form the "Rhine Union" in the vassal states of South Germany and China and Germany, and put it under his own protection. 1in the autumn of 806, Britain, Russia and Belgium formed the fourth anti-French alliance. 1 0/0/month/day, Prussia took the lead in declaring war on France. 14 during the day, the French army fought two beautiful battles in Jena and Olstadt at the same time, and the Pujun army was almost completely annihilated. 10 year1October 27th, the French army invaded Berlin. Heine once exaggerated: "Napoleon blew Prussia in one breath." Then the French Republic attacked the Russian army in the east.
1on June 4th, 807, Napoleon defeated the Russian army in friedland, and the Russian emperor was forced to make peace. In order to suffocate the British Isles and strictly implement the policy of "continental blockade", Napoleon launched a war to conquer the Iberian Peninsula in 1807+00. The invasion of the French army aroused the strong resistance of the people on the island, and the French army soon fell into the quagmire of the people's war. Napoleon had to swallow the bitter fruit he planted.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/809, because of the fifth anti-French alliance against Prussia, Austria and other countries, Napoleon rushed back to China and invaded the Austrian Republic in the east before the end of the Spanish War. Napoleon turned defeat into victory with his iron will, forcing the Austrian Republic to cede territory for peace again.
18 10 In March, Napoleon and Princess Maria Royal of Austria? Louise is married. Napoleon's empire reached its peak.
1865438+June 2 1 In 2002, 500,000 French soldiers entered Russia in three ways. The lack of military preparation, the cold weather in Russia, and the tactics of clearing the field by the Russian army almost wiped out the French army.
181218 In February, Napoleon returned to Paris. The war against Russia ended in failure.
18 13 years, the sixth anti-French alliance in Europe was established. Napoleon led the army against the Allies and won a series of victories. However, after years of war, the French Republic finally failed to reach the whole armed Europe and was defeated in the Battle of Leipzig.
18 14, the allied forces marched into the French Republic. On March 36, 3 1, Marshal Marmond of the French Republic handed over Paris to the allied forces.
1865438+On April 6th, 2004, Napoleon was forced to sign his abdication.
On May 4th, 2004, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba, Italy. Bourbon restoration.
1865438+On February 6, 2005/kloc-0, Napoleon left the island of Elba and escaped the surveillance of the fleet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the French Republic.
1865438+On March 20th, 2005, Napoleon returned to Paris and established the "Hundred Days Dynasty".
1865438+On March 25th, 2005, Britain, Russia, Austria and other countries formed the seventh anti-French alliance.
1865438+In June 2005, the French army was completely annihilated in the Battle of Waterloo, and Napoleon abdicated for the second time. 10, exiled to St. Helena.
1821On May 5th, Napoleon died in St. Helena at the age of 52. Four days later, people on the island held a funeral for the conqueror. In the roar of the salute, the coffin was slowly buried next to Tolbert Spring on St. Helena. In the depths of this quiet canyon, a few weeping willows are shaded by flowing water, and Haitang, taro and canna are competing to open. Napoleon, the once all-powerful, outstanding and unparalleled hero, was buried under these green leaves and flowers.
1840 15 February 15, Prince Anwar of the July Dynasty of the French Republic led a warship to St. Helena to take Napoleon's body back to the motherland. 900,000 Parisians braved the cold and attended this grand funeral with deep affection. Napoleon's body was escorted by a guard of honor, passed through the Arc de Triomphe and was buried in the lobby on the roof of the garden of the Paris Veterans Retirement Home. 15 years later, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and her prince, later Edward VII, came here in person, and the queen made the prince kneel at "the grave of the great Napoleon".
affect
Napoleon was an excellent strategist. He personally participated in more than 60 battles in his life, and many battles he commanded are still of great significance in military history until today. However, his campaign broke the balance of power in Europe, leading other European powers to form anti-French alliances seven times, and finally defeated Napoleon completely. At the Vienna Conference after Napoleon's defeat, the new European order and balance were quickly rebuilt.
Although Napoleon has been in power for decades, his achievements are short-lived. After his abdication, the territory of the French Republic quickly returned to what it was before he took office. Napoleon's military career did not have a significant impact on later European history. The only thing that can make him go down in history is the Napoleonic Code, which is the embryonic form of legal systems in many modern democratic countries.
In addition, Napoleon was also the first person who put forward the idea of the United States of Europe and tried to realize it by force. Although he himself did not successfully realize this dream, today's Europe is moving towards the goal of integration.
Napoleon's birthplace, the statue of Napoleon in ajaccio, Corsica.
Napoleon brought glory to the French Republic, and the people of the French Republic have always loved this French soldier (interestingly, he always thought that the French Republic was not his motherland until 18 years old). After his body arrived in Paris on February 1840, 900,000 Parisians braved the cold to meet him. Years later, Napoleon also won the respect of his opponent. 1855 Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland took the Crown Prince (later Edward VII) to the old disabled soldiers' hospital, and the queen asked the prince to "kneel at the grave of the great Napoleon".