Zhu Zhixiu’s Rebellion
The Anhua King of the Ming Dynasty was a branch of Prince Qing of the Ming Dynasty (Prince Qingjing Zhu Clan). He was the fourth son of Prince Jing and conquered the title in the 19th year of Yongle. The prince of Anhua County, whose fiefdom is in today's Anhua, Gansu Province. In the early years of Emperor Wuzong's reign in the Ming Dynasty, the eunuch Liu Jin was in power. King Chixiu of Anhua (the great-grandson of King Qingjing) had a treacherous plot to take advantage of the dissatisfaction caused by Liu Jin's tyranny and domineering, and derived Sun Jingwen, a military official in Ningxia, contacted Zhou Ang, the commander of the Ningxia capital, and a group of officers suddenly rebelled. After the uprising, the rebels killed Jiang Han, the commander-in-chief of Ningxia, and Li Zeng, the guarding eunuch. They also sent troops to kill the governor An Weixue, Shaoqing Zhou Dong and a group of military officials. The generals then occupied the town and "released the prisoners, burned the palaces, robbed the treasury, seized the river boats, extorted the kings of Qingfu, plundered tens of thousands of gold coins, and used them as military supplies. At the same time, he enfeoffed General Ben, guarded the passes, and sent messages He repeatedly cited Liu Jin's crimes and fought against the imperial court! When news came of the "Great Earthquake in Guanzhong", Qiu Yue, the general in Ningxia City, pretended to be ill and stayed behind closed doors, secretly planning to cooperate with the army to put down the rebellion. He pretended to surrender to King Anhua, secretly acting as an internal agent. At this time, the news of King Anhua's incident reached Shaanxi, and the Shaanxi General Army rushed to Ningxia to set up defenses on the east bank of the Yellow River to prevent the rebellion from expanding eastward. The firewood stored in dams and small dams was burned to prevent it from being used by the rebels. At this time, Qiu Yue suggested to King Anhua to strengthen the defense of the Yellow River. This would mobilize the main force of the rebels in the city, leaving the city empty of defenses, leaving Qiu hungry. He took the opportunity to kill the rebel leaders such as Zhou Ang and Sun Jingwen, and easily captured Zhu Chixiu. When the rebels learned that Zhu Chixiu had been captured, the tribe dispersed, and the Hedong official army crossed the river into the town of Ningxia, and the rebellion of King Anhua subsided.
In May of the fifth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty ordered Bo Shenying of Jingyang to serve as the commander-in-chief of the military affairs, and the eunuch Zhang Yong was appointed as the governor of military affairs. Yang Yiqing, the former governor of the three sides of Shaanxi Province, led hundreds of thousands of soldiers to conquer. The army marched towards Ningxia in a mighty manner, not thinking that "the army would be defeated in 18 days". Yang Yiqing suggested: "Only punish the chief evildoer, not the coercion". At the same time, he petitioned the court to exempt Ningxia from taxes for one year and stabilize the situation. The people of Ningxia were deeply affected. So the imperial court issued an order to "cut down the guards of Qing Mansion", and King Anhua ordered Xiu to be sent to the capital to execute him. Recalling that at the beginning of Zhixiu's rebellion in Ningxia, Emperor Wu Zong dispatched troops and generals while "promulgating an edict to comfort the people of the world." Although King Anhua's rebellion lasted only a short time, it had a great impact.
The Chenhao Rebellion was also called the Rebellion of King Ning, indicating that it started in Ning in the 14th year of Emperor Wuzong's Zhengde reign (1519). The rebellion launched by Wang Zhuchenhao in Nanchang spread to the north of Jiangxi and the southwest of South Zhili (today's northern Jiangxi Province and southern Anhui Province). It only took 43 days before it was finally put down by Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming), the governor of southern Jiangxi.
Background
Ning Wang Zhu Chenhao was the fifth-generation grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and a descendant of Zhu Yuanzhang's seventeenth son, Ning Wang Zhu Quan. He was originally named Shanggao Wang in the tenth year of Hongzhi (1497). He was granted the title of King Ning in Nanchang in the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499). In the second year of Zhengde (1507), Zhu Chenhao bribed the eunuch Liu Jin, the minister Qian Ning, and the actor Zang Xian to restore the disbanded guards and prepare for death. , killed and imprisoned local civil and military officials and innocent people at will, seized tens of thousands of officials and people's property, robbed merchants, harbored thieves, and conspired to raise armies. He also attempted to use his own son to succeed Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty in order to obtain the throne. Eunuch Zhang Zhong, Yushi Xiao Huai and others successively reported Zhu Chenhao's crimes. Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty ordered him to be escorted and ordered to return the fields he had captured.
Process
Zhu Chenhao raised troops
In the 14th year of Zhengde (1519), after returning from his western tour, Emperor Wu of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Houzhao wanted to go to the south of the Yangtze River and travel around All over the country, in order to remonstrate and obstruct the southern tour, a large demonstration was caused by the courtiers. Therefore, the ambitious Ning King Zhu Chenhao used the excuse of Ming Wuzong's debauchery and immorality. On June 14 of that year, he raised troops to kill the governor Sun Sui and Jiangxi deputy envoy Xu Kui, and changed the Zhengde reign. With Li Shishi and Liu Yangzheng as the prime ministers of the left and right, and Wang Lun as the Minister of War, they gathered a crowd of one hundred thousand, and sent out messages to various places to criticize the imperial court. At the beginning of July, he used his generals to guard Nanchang, led his navy to the east of the Yangtze River, captured Jiujiang, defeated Nankang, and then left Jiangxi. He commanded his navy to sail down the river to attack Anqing, hoping to capture Nanjing.
Wang Shouren put down the rebellion
Wang Shouren, the governor of Tinggan and Gandu and the censor of Qiandu, heard about the rebellion and raised his troops to serve the king. He gathered soldiers from all over the country and captured Nanchang on July 20th. [4] After hearing the news, Zhu Chenhao returned to rescue Nanchang. On the 24th, he met Wang Shouren's army at Huangjiadu in the northeast of Nanchang. The rebels were defeated and retreated to Bazinao. On the 26th, the Ming army attacked with fire, and Chen Hao was defeated. The soldiers burned and drowned more than 30,000 people. Chen Hao, his son, the prince, Li Shishi, Liu Yangzheng, Wang Lun, etc. were all captured.
Ming Wuzong's personal expedition
In August, Wang Shouren's victory report had not yet reached Beijing. Ming Wuzong claimed to be "the mighty general who conquered the sky to conquer the country" and led more than 10,000 officers and soldiers on August 22 Go south to "conquer personally". When they arrived at Zhuozhou later, news of Wang Shouren's success arrived, but Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty still insisted on marching south. A friend of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty even suggested that Zhu Chenhao should be returned to Poyang Lake and captured alive by Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty to demonstrate the emperor's prestige. In the leap eighth month of the year), Wang Shouren had no choice but to take the captured Zhu Chenhao to Nanjing and present it to Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, which was called "prisoner sacrifice". Emperor Wuzong and his attendants were dressed in military uniforms. They set up a fighting position, removed Zhu Chenhao's shackles, and released him into the encirclement of the army. Then he beat the drums and beat the gold to capture him, put the shackles on him again, lined him up in front of the team, and returned in triumph. In December, Zhu Chenhao was taken to Nanjing.
However, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty did not start his military training until October of the following year. In December, Emperor Wu Zong executed Zhu Chenhao in Tongzhou and eliminated King Ning's vassal.
The reasons for King Ning's failure are certainly related to his weakness, isolation and unpopularity, but there are also military mistakes. Gu Zuyu analyzed in his masterpiece of military geography "Minutes of Du Shi Fang Yu" that improper military deployment was the main reason for the failure of King Ning. .