Basic explanation
1, pictograph: it belongs to the "single word formation method". Outline the shape characteristics of the object to be expressed with lines or strokes of words. For example, the word "sun" is like a circle with a little bit in the middle, much like the shape we see when we look directly at the sun.
Ideographic characters come from picture characters, but they weaken the nature of pictures and enhance the symbolism. Is the most primitive word formation. It has great limitations, because some things can't be drawn.
2. indications: it belongs to the "single word-making method". The main difference from hieroglyphics is that the signifier in painting contains more abstract things. For example, the word "blade" is marked by adding a point to the sharpness of "knife", and "three" is represented by three horizontal lines. The sketches of these characters all have more abstract parts.
3. Form and sound: it belongs to the "combined word-making method". Pictophonetic characters are composed of pictophonetic characters (also called "semantic symbols") and notes (also called "notes"). The shape side indicates the meaning or category of words, and the sound side indicates that the pronunciation of words is the same or similar. For example, the word "Sakura" has the word "wood" next to its shape, indicating that it is a kind of tree, and the word "baby" next to its voice indicates that its pronunciation is the same as that of the word "baby".
4, knowing: it belongs to the "combined word-making method." A recognized word is composed of two or more single characters, so the form or meaning of the word is combined to express the meaning of the word. For example, "song" refers to the sound of birds, so it consists of "mouth" and "bird"
5. Note transfer: it belongs to the "word method". Different writers have different explanations. Generally speaking, there are three theories, namely, the transformation of form, the transformation of sound and the transformation of meaning. The so-called "writing style" refers to the radical, and "Kao" and "Lao" belong to the old department. Dai Zhen thinks that tone sandhi is mutual training. The word "Kao" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi means "Lao Ye", while the word "Lao" means "Kao Ye" and "phase shift means annotation and mutual training".
6, under the guise of
Chinese characters are developed from hieroglyphics and ideographs. Some foreign objects are described by images, and some meanings can be expressed by images and strokes. However, many concepts that represent certain things can't be expressed by pictographs or hieroglyphs at any time, so they are expressed by existing homonyms or similar words. This completely different word from loanwords is called loanwords. Such as "North", the Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph looks like two people face to face. The "north" in the north is invisible, so the meaning of the north is expressed by the "back" with the same pronunciation.
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