I. Zhaotong has a long history and culture Zhaotong is a quaint and magical land with a long history and culture. 1982, a human tooth fossil was unearthed in a cave in the northern suburb of Zhaotong city. It was identified as "early homo sapiens fossil", about 65438+ ten thousand years ago, and was called "Zhaotong man", which filled the gap between the ape-man stage and the late homo sapiens stage in Yunnan Province, indicating that Zhaotong city is one of the important areas of human origin and development. During the 6,000 years from about 1 10,000 years ago to about 4,000 years ago, the ancestors who lived here have widely used grinding stone tools, learned the techniques of pottery, textile, agriculture and grazing, and began to live and settle in cities. From the Western Weekend to the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Du Yu tribe entered Shu, "teaching people to rely on agriculture", brought advanced farming civilization, won the support of Shu people, and became the king of Shu, with the title of "Wang Di". In 250 BC, King Qin Xiaowen used Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, to dig a burning road. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country in 22 1 BC, in order to further govern Yunnan, Pai Changqing extended the burning road dug by Li Bing to Jianning (now Qujing), which was called "Wuchi Road" in history. With the spread of Central Plains culture to the south, Zhaotong is located at the hub of "Wuchi Road", which is the earliest and most fully affected area in Yunnan. In 135 BC (the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty established by Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty), Emperor Wu changed the closed policy of "closing Shu to worry about it" at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, reopened the "Road to the South" and set up a county in the southwest, which expanded the economic and cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and the remote areas in the southwest. Zhuti County was established in Zhaotong City in the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhaotong was brought into the management of the central government for the first time. With the free distribution of commodities and the influence of China culture, Zhaotong's social economy and culture have entered a period of rapid development. From the sixth year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty to Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, Zhaotong was named "Zhu Ti", and it was ruled by a county, a county or a southern county and a warlord's governor's office for more than 800 years. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, the developed agricultural economy, splendid bronze culture, especially the invention of white copper, and the rise and spread of Zhu Diyin and Confucianism, which are famous all over the country, showed the high degree of social, economic and cultural prosperity in Zhu Di area, which was fully proved by the excavation of Han Meng tablet and Huobi painting tomb in Jin Dynasty. Especially, the Xiao Ju Monument in the Han Dynasty has the reputation of "a rare treasure in the world" and "the first stone in the sea". Famous scholars such as Liang Qichao, Luo Zhenyu, Yuan Jiagu, Zhao Fan, Fang and Xie have made textual research on this monument. This monument is the only Han monument found in Yunnan so far, and its monument map, inscription and inscription are used to study ancient Yunnan. The realistic portrait of "Han Yi doesn't go" in Huo's mural is the only existing mural in the Jin Dynasty, which is of great value to the study of ancient national history and ethnic relations in Yunnan during the Han and Jin Dynasties. Zhu Di culture is influenced by many cultural factors such as Yunnan, Yelang, Bashu and Jingchu, but its main cultural characteristics still belong to a mature Chinese cultural system. In other words, the culture of Zhu Ti is a complex and regional culture, which takes Chinese culture as the main body and contains many peripheral cultural factors. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Nanzhao and Dali successively ruled Yunnan. Zhaotong was alienated from the Central Plains culture and failed to fully accept the influence of Nanzhao and Dali culture. It is worth mentioning that Yuan Ziya in Dousha Pass in Tang Dynasty is an important empirical cultural relic in the history of the relationship between the central government of Tang Dynasty and Nanzhao local government as a feudal unified country, and it is also a true record of the traffic history of the Central Plains, Bashu and Yunnan between Tang Zhenyuan. According to the academic circles, Yuan Zi's Cliff Carving has six historical values, such as "safeguarding national unity, delineating territorial boundaries, drawing lessons from national harmony, making up for the lack of books in the Tang Dynasty, recording mistakes in books and leaving traces of Yuan books". It has been announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. This monument is located in Dousha Town, Yanjin County today. The stone carving is about 60 cm high and 25 cm wide. The full text is eight lines, straight down and left, 122 words. Interpreted as: "On September 20, the tenth year of Tang Zhenyuan, Xuanwei's ambassador to Yunnan was Man Wenbao, the ambassador judge Liu Youyan, the tucao Chengcui, the festival secretary, the Nanzhao imperial envoy, Cheng, and the Chengdu Shaoyin Pang ambassador assistant. At that time, our right assistant, Shangshu, shot Chengdu Yin and Wei Gao, the ancient imperial adviser, and sent an inspector to supervise Mayi, the ancient imperial adviser, unified the camp and set up a post office, so Historical Records came out. Yuan Ziti. " Umun, Song Feng. Wumeng Road, Yuan Zhi. Wumeng House was established in Ming Dynasty. In the ninth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, the land reform was completed, and after returning to the stream, Wumeng was changed to Zhaotong. Tracing back to the nearly 500 years when the Tang and Song dynasties ruled instead of shackles, the establishment of the central government was interrupted. Today, Zhaotong has been called "Wumeng" (Amon) for more than 1000 years. The formation and gradual improvement of the chieftain system, as well as the existence and development of indigenous culture, immigrant culture and national culture formed by the use of soldiers, land reclamation and national migration, are also worthy of attention and are extremely valuable wealth in Zhaotong's historical and cultural resources. In the fifth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1727), the land was changed to Xixi, and Wumeng House was changed to Zhaotong House. After three generations of Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, a series of principles and policies were implemented to stabilize society, develop production and prosper culture, and Zhaotong's social economy and culture entered a period of rapid development. Agricultural development represented by building water conservancy projects and introducing and planting high-yield crops; Zhu Di's silver and copper glory: large-scale copper transportation promoted the construction of land and water transportation and the prosperity of commercial trade; The gradual recovery of Confucianism; The entry of non-native religious culture and so on, Zhaotong history and culture seems to have entered another cycle of prosperous Zhu Di culture. Unfortunately, the turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty once again ruined the bright future of Zhaotong's social, economic and cultural development. During the Republic of China, Zhaotong became the economic and cultural center of the border areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces, and was sometimes called "Little Kunming". Liu Pingkai and Li Guozhu, the early Yunnan local organizations in the Communist Party of China (CPC), and Luo Binghui, one of the 33 strategists of the China People's Liberation Army confirmed by the Central Military Commission of China, made their mark in Zhaotong. Zhaotong is also the place where the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants passed through the Long March, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the famous Tashi Conference here. Second, Zhaotong has diverse historical and cultural relics. Zhaotong is rich in cultural relics. There are more than 20 Neolithic sites in the city, including the famous Ludian Night Market Mountain Site, Racecourse Site and Qiaojia East Gate Neolithic Site, which is about 4000 years ago. According to China University of Science and Technology's Scientific Research Office 1983, the sixth issue of Bulletin of Scientific Research and related papers, some bronzes unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb, the wife of Wu Ding, the king of Yin in Anyang, were examined. The results show that the copper mines that cast bronzes in the Yin Dynasty three thousand years ago came from Yongshan and Qiaojia in Yunnan today. From the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, many artifacts unearthed from tombs have some Yunnan cultural factors, some Bashu cultural factors, and some are similar to Du Qiong culture. It is worth noting that many pottery unearthed in Pan Ying, Shuijingwan and Baisha in Zhaotong City have "depicting symbols" or an ancient minority language. The excavation of the famous Meng Xiao Monument is related to the "Liang Team". There are nearly a thousand cliff tombs in 9 counties (districts), the most in Yunnan. On the northern slope of Zhaotong City, north of Zhenxiong County, there are some sites of Wumeng and Mangbu of Yi people since the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many hanging coffins in Doushaguan, Weixin Coffin Rock and Yongshan Bridge Bay in Yanjin. From the Neolithic Age to the Ming Dynasty, slate tombs were distributed in Qiaojia, Suijiang, Yanjin, Daguan, Zhenxiong, Yiliang and Weixin. Thirdly, Zhaotong's history and culture have developed remarkably. Following the archaeological excavations of Han tombs in the early 1950s, Zhaotong City has successively excavated Chahe Cliff Tomb in Daguan County, Xiangbiling Cliff Tomb in Zhaoyang District, Machang Neolithic Site in Ludian County, Warring States Pit Tomb in Sayuyingpan Village in Zhaoyang District, Xiaowanzi Cliff Tomb, Louba in Shuifu County, Jiandaowan Cliff Tomb and Zhang Tan Dam. These archaeological excavations have unearthed many precious cultural relics, which are of great significance to the study of the history of Yunnan and Zhaotong, and even the archaeology of China as a whole. Fourth, there are many historical sites in Zhaotong. The city's existing national key cultural relics protection units: Yuan Zi inscribed cliff stone carvings; Provincial key cultural relics protection units: Yeshishan Site, Monument, Former Residence, Tashi Conference Site, Shuitianzhai Central Red Army Headquarters Site, Tielu Red Army Slogan, Ludian Tuogu Mosque, Guandoushan Stone Carving Group, Huobi Painting Tomb, etc. Zhaotong has a rich collection of cultural relics. The Municipal Cultural Relics Management Office and the cultural management offices, museums, memorial halls and cultural centers in 65,438+065,438+0 counties (districts) collect 65,438+07,497 cultural relics. Among them, there are 6 national first-class cultural relics. Such as "Meng Qin" bronze seal, Pisces bronze wash in the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, wizard pottery figurines, etc. There are national second-class cultural relics 10, 278 national third-class cultural relics, and 5 17 general cultural relics, such as bronze figurines riding deer, bronze pots with capping beams, bronze suzaku carrying feather treasure bottles, and bronze statue of imp in Tianwang Town. Zhaotong is a region rich in cultural relics in Yunnan Province. Sixth, Zhaotong has a splendid human history. Since ancient times, Zhaotong's human history has gathered together. Legends and farming civilization spread in Du Yu are known as "the first stone in the sea" and "the first stone in the world" in northern Mongolia. Liu Pingkai, Long Yun, Lu Han, famous scholars Xiao, Deng, Zhang Xilu, the hero of the times, and a large number of outstanding talents and heroes make Zhaotong's landscape unique and full of humanities. The existence of many historical and cultural resources has accumulated rich resources and potential for the development of Zhaotong's cultural industry, and is also the basis for the development and prosperity of Zhaotong's culture. These rich historical and cultural accumulations have also given Zhaotong people rich cultural nutrition. It is no accident that Zhaotong writers are now formed in this land, which is inseparable from the nourishment of the historical and cultural atmosphere on this land.
By the way, I am from Zhaotong.