On the night of July 7, the Japanese army, which had already occupied the suburbs of Beiping, forcibly entered the ancient city of Wanping for search on the grounds that one soldier was missing. After being rejected, the Japanese army suddenly launched an attack on the defenders of the Longwang Temple in Lugouqiao, and then shelled the ancient city of Wanping. The Lugouqiao Incident broke out, the Japanese all-out war of aggression against China began, and the eight-year war of resistance between China's soldiers and civilians kicked off.
Song, the powerful ruler of North China, hoped to hold peace talks with the Japanese, and despite Chiang Kai-shek's repeated calls for resistance to Japan, he dismantled fortifications without authorization, making the Japanese invasion of China unimpeded. On July 27th, Langfang fell. On the night of the 28th, Song and others led a hasty retreat to the south. On the 29th, Beiping fell. The next day, Tianjin fell.
From this perspective, Song is a sinner of history.
Run away in a hurry
Chiang Kai-shek, who was in Lushan Mountain, issued a series of orders to Song, and urgently invited people from all walks of life to Lushan Mountain to discuss the plan of saving the country and the people. Jiang Menglin, President of Peking University, Hu Shi, Dean of College of Liberal Arts, Mei Yiqi, President of Tsinghua University, Zhang Boling, President of Tianjin Nankai University, Luo Jialun, President of Central University, Fu Sinian, Director of the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica, and many other leading scholars were invited to attend.
At this time, the Japanese bombed Nankai, and the Tianjin Nankai Private University founded by educator Zhang Boling and others was in ruins.
The Japanese know very well that to completely crush a nation, apart from physical destruction, it is more important to completely conquer the spirit. Since the change of Shenyang, China's regime has gradually moved southward, and only cultural forces compete with Japan for peace and Tianjin. These three schools are among them. So shelling Nankai University is the beginning of spiritual conquest.
At the time of national survival, it is urgent to protect and rescue the intellectuals and national elites in the field of education and culture in Ping Jin. The presidents of the above universities put forward the slogan "Education is the foundation of national rejuvenation", demanding that the conquerors take decisive measures to move some universities to the mainland.
On September 10, the Ministry of Education officially announced the establishment of temporary universities in Changsha and Xi 'an. Changsha Temporary University consists of Peking University, Tsinghua University and private Nankai University. Based on Beiping University, Beiping Normal University, Tianjin Beiyang Institute of Technology and Beiping Research Institute, Northwest (Xi) Temporary University was established.
After receiving the secret notice, the teachers and students of all schools, who were already exhausted and looking forward to it, tried their best to leave the city as soon as possible and fled to Changsha, Hunan Province and the ancient city of An, the most tragic intellectual retreat in China's modern history. Because the situation is urgent and unorganized, it is actually an unorganized and disorderly panic escape.
1924165438+1On the morning of October 5th, Feng Yuxiang, a direct warlord, expelled the Qing emperor Puyi, and Wang Guowei, 49, Puyi's "imperial teacher", also lost his job in the south study room and lived at home by writing books. 1925 In February, Cao Yunxiang, president of Tsinghua University, issued a letter of appointment to Wang Guowei at the suggestion of Hu Shi. /kloc-in April, 2008, Wang Guowei was hired as a professor at Tsinghua University National Studies Institute.
Wang Guowei is thin, with a black and yellow face, a moustache, a melon seed hat and a pigtail behind him. He looks unhappy, a typical image of the Qing Dynasty. Hu Shi said that he was a romantic genius just by reading his poems.
For the introduction of Wang Guowei's talents, see page 33 of this book.
Wang Guowei, an outstanding genius, is not only the most outstanding in the research and textual research of ancient history, but also has a profound knowledge that is unmatched by famous historians in past dynasties after the death of Chen Shou, a great historian who wrote the immortal masterpiece The History of the Three Kingdoms in Wei and Jin Dynasties 1600 years ago.
There is a famous epigram in later generations: If you don't look at Wang Guowei's knowledge, you don't know the greatness of the master, but the height of the mountain is also high.
1June 2, 927, Wang Guowei threw himself into Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace. He is 5 1 year old. P47
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/926, Liang Qichao fell ill and was admitted to Union Medical College Hospital. His right kidney was wrongly removed. He didn't ask for compensation and apology, but excused the hospital, hoping that Western medicine would take root in China. At the end of September, 1928 was hospitalized again, and his life was dying. In order to write the Chronicle of Xin Jiaxuan, he still entrusted people to look for information about Xin Qiji. 1929 65438+1October19, died in Union Medical College Hospital at the age of 57.
After the fall of Shanghai, the Japanese army besieged Nanjing while sending planes to launch long-range bombing of western cities along the Yangtze River, and Changsha was also attacked. The bomb fell on Liang Sicheng's house, but fortunately people escaped. Changsha Temporary University came to an end, and the National Government issued an order to move all teachers and students to Kunming to form the National Southwest Associated University.
1937 65438+On February 8, Liang Sicheng's family of five took an overloaded bus and ran to Kunming, a vast southwest border town.
There are three ways for teachers and students to go to Kunming:
1, waterway, family members and frail boys and girls, more than 600 people.
Step 2 take a car
3. "Tour group" walking: 290 students, 1 1 teacher. After 68 days of trekking, Wen Yiduo led a team and collected opinions all the way. Zeng Zhaolun, a descendant of Zeng Guofan, led the teachers and students of the Department of Chemistry on foot, kept diaries all the way, collected folk songs, and arranged and published them in Kunming.
On April 28th, the teachers and students of the tour group arrived in Yuan Xian, the eastern suburb of Kunming. The National Government appointed Jiang Menglin, Mei Yiqi and Zhang Boling as members of the Standing Committee of The National SouthWest Associated University to co-chair the school affairs.
Next is the day to run the alarm clock.