The appellation words were named by the ancients when they were young, and when they were adults (male 2 years old, female 15 years old), they took the words, and the words and names had a meaningful connection. The word
is for the convenience of others, and it is courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping was named Qu Yuan, Sima Qian was named Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming was named Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai was named Li Taibai, Du Fu was named Du Zimei, Han Yu was named Han Tui, Liu Zongyuan was named Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu was named Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang was named Sima Junshi, Su Shi was named Su Zizhan, and Su Zhe was named Su Ziyuan.
the title number is also called alias number and table number. The fundamental difference between a name, a word and a number is that the former is determined by the father or the elder, while the latter is determined by himself. The
sign is generally only used for claiming to show some interest or express some emotion; The title of person is also a kind of honorific title. It is called posthumous title after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes in ancient posthumous title.
For example, Tao Yuanming is the official of Jingjie, Ouyang Xiu is the duke of Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is the duke of Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is the duke of Fan Wenzheng, Wang Ao is the duke of Zhong Wang Su, Zuo Guangdou is the duke of Zuo Zhongyi, Shi Kefa is the duke of Shi Zhonglie and Lin Zexu is the duke of Lin Wenzhong. It is a kind of "evil death" to call Qin Gui, the minister of *.
the name of fasting refers to the name of fasting or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called the Zhai Cheng Zhai, and people called it Yang Cheng Zhai. Yao Nai was called Mr Yao Xi Bao and Mr Xi Bao because his name was Xi Bao Xuan.
Another example is that Pu Songling is called Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao is the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong is Tan Zhuangfei (whose Zhai name is Zhuangfei Building). 2. the address of ancient Chinese
the daily address words of classical Chinese.
(1) Call yourself
My father and Yan Jia: Call yourself my father.
my mother and family kindness: call yourself my mother.
brother and sister: call yourself brother and sister.
younger brother and sister: call yourself brother and sister.
Give up nephew: Call yourself nephew.
My wife, wife, wife, and humble jing: Call yourself your wife.
Waizi: Call her husband.
Son and boy: Call yourself your son.
Daughter: Call yourself your daughter.
our friend: call yourself a friend.
I: call myself.
(2) address people respectfully
Your father: address the other person's father respectfully.
your mother: address each other's mother respectfully.
Your son, son and heir: address each other's son respectfully.
your nephew: call him a nephew.
your love and your yuan: address each other's daughters respectfully.
son-in-law: address the other person's son-in-law.
your daughter-in-law: address the other person's daughter-in-law.
Lingzheng and Xiange, your wife: address each other's wives respectfully.
Kun Yu and Kun Zhong are called brothers.
Qiao Zi: Call people father and son.
Xianqi: Call yourself a student.
Gao Zu: Call others' students.
Extended information
Ancient addressing
Addressing is a cultural phenomenon. From the addressing of an era, we can get a glimpse of its features. Address is also a mirror. The change of address is a change of culture, and it is also regarded as a reflection of history and culture.
the address of China people is essentially a history of China culture, which contains the precipitation and changes of the long cultural history of the Chinese nation. China people's address is a reflection of patriarchal clan system, customs, rank, status, reputation, etc., and elders, younger generations, superiors and subordinates each have their own set of address, which no one can surpass. From the appellation, we can see that Chinese people attach importance to the patriarchal etiquette system, the respect for the elders and the young, and the expression of official positions and imperial examinations.
ancient brother appellation
brother ranking appellation: in ancient times, uncle, uncle and season were used to express the ranking order between brothers; Bo is the eldest, zhong is the second, uncle is the third, and the season ranks the smallest. My father's brother is called "father", my father's second brother is called "Guanzhong", Guanzhong's brother is called "uncle", and the youngest uncle is called "Ji's father". Later, my father's brother is collectively called "uncle".
In ancient times, parents called
Parents were also called Gaotang, Chunxuan, Parents, Under the Knee, Kaoyan and so on.
Resources Baidu Encyclopedia-appellation 3. Why is ancient Chinese called classical Chinese
I often hear some middle school students mention "learning classical Chinese", "The teacher asked me to recite this classical Chinese" and "I can't translate this classical Chinese"! When I was in middle school, I also called classical Chinese. But what is "classical Chinese" may not be understood by middle school students. In fact, I'm not sure whether the teacher who taught them knows it or not ~! In fact, it is not correct to call the ancient Chinese in middle school textbooks (except ancient poems) classical Chinese! Ancient prose is ancient prose, a general term for ancient articles, and nothing can replace it. To be exact, classical Chinese can only cover two styles of ancient "Wen" and "Yan" (whether words can be regarded as a style or not has not been confirmed by modern academic circles), but there are not many articles called "Classical Chinese" in our middle school textbooks ~! So the word "classical Chinese" is very inaccurate! ! It's just that I'm used to calling it now, and everyone agrees! The word "classical Chinese" should have originated from the Book of Changes at the earliest. Anyway, there were only a few books in ancient times, and the old words were either from this one or that one. Needless to say, there is an article "Classical Chinese" in the Book of Changes, but the "classical Chinese" in the Book of Changes does not have the same meaning as the "classical Chinese" in the Middle Ages and modern times, so I won't say it here. Of course, we can also say that it means "articles in literary language", but this does not show the meaning of "classical Chinese" referring to ancient Chinese. Then why are we used to calling ancient Chinese "classical Chinese"? The reason is that in ancient times, "Wen" and "Yan" were both used as appellations for a certain style, just as we call them "poetry" and "prose" now! As for "words" as a style, Yan Yannian's formulation was first recorded in Wen Xin Diao Long Zong Shu, saying: "Yan Yannian thought:" The pen is the body, and the words are the text; Classics are words rather than pens, and biographies are pens rather than words]. "It is precisely because" Wen "and" Yan "have been called ancient styles that this title of" classical Chinese "has come into contact with ancient Chinese. 4. Please collect five words expressing appellation in ancient classical Chinese.
The appellation words were named by the ancients when they were young, and they were taken by adults (male 2 years old, female 15 years old). There is a meaningful connection between words and names. The word
is for the convenience of others, and it is courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping was named Qu Yuan, Sima Qian was named Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming was named Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai was named Li Taibai, Du Fu was named Du Zimei, Han Yu was named Han Tui, Liu Zongyuan was named Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu was named Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang was named Sima Junshi, Su Shi was named Su Zizhan, and Su Zhe was named Su Ziyuan.
the title number is also called alias number and table number. The fundamental difference between a name, a word and a number is that the former is determined by the father or the elder, while the latter is determined by himself. The
sign is generally only used for claiming to show some interest or express some emotion; The title of person is also a kind of honorific title. It is called posthumous title after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes in ancient posthumous title.
For example, Tao Yuanming is the official of Jingjie, Ouyang Xiu is the duke of Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is the duke of Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is the duke of Fan Wenzheng, Wang Ao is the duke of Zhong Wang Su, Zuo Guangdou is the duke of Zuo Zhongyi, Shi Kefa is the duke of Shi Zhonglie and Lin Zexu is the duke of Lin Wenzhong. It is a kind of "evil death" to call Qin Gui, the minister of *.
the name of fasting refers to the name of fasting or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called the Zhai Cheng Zhai, and people called it Yang Cheng Zhai. Yao Nai was called Mr Yao Xi Bao and Mr Xi Bao because his name was Xi Bao Xuan.
Another example is that Pu Songling is called Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao is the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong is Tan Zhuangfei (whose Zhai name is Zhuangfei Building). 5. Seeking specific titles in ancient poetry and classical Chinese
1. Specific titles between relatives and friends: parents are called Gaotang, Chunxuan, parents and knees.
Parents only refer to my father and strict family; My mother, my family. Father's death is called: my father, strictness first, and examination first.
the names of mother's death are: first mother, first kindness and first son. Brothers and sisters are called brothers, sisters, brothers and sisters.
brothers are called Kun zhong and brothers. Couples are called couples, spouses and partners.
death of peers is called: dead brother, brother, sister and wife. Other people's parents say: your father, your mother.
other people's brothers and sisters are called your brother and sister. Other people's children are called your son and your love (your daughter).
the wife and father are called: father-in-law, father-in-law and Taishan. Other people's families call it: the government, the respected government.
my family is called my humble abode, my shed and my thatched cottage. Men and women are collectively referred to as: men are called men and women are called women.
the teacher said: teacher, master. Students say: protege, industry.
the school says: cold window, chicken window. Classmate said: Classmate.
2. Common appellations of the people include Buyi, Qianshou, Limin, Shengmin, Sublime, Lishu, Cangsheng, Liyuan and Mang. 3. Professional title: For some people who take skills as their profession, a word indicating their occupation is often added before their name, so that people can know their professional identity at a glance.
For example, "skilled worker" in "Understanding Cows by Skilled Worker", "Ding" is a name and "Dong" is a chef, indicating occupation. The words "Shi Xiang" in Shi Shuo and "Shi Kuang" and "Shi" mentioned in "Heroes of Jiang Gan" mean musicians and indicate their occupation.
"You Meng" in The Biography of Liu Jingting refers to an artist named Meng. "You", also known as an actor or an actor, was used in ancient times to refer to an artist who made fun of music and dance as his profession, and later called a traditional Chinese opera actor.
4. Title of friends: The friends you make when you are poor and low in status are called "poor friends"; Friends who are friendly and close as brothers are called "the turn of Jin Lan"; Friends who live and die together and are in trouble are called "friends who are embarrassed"; Friends formed when encountering hardships are called "friends in need"; Friends who are congenial and have deep friendship are called "friends who never turn back"; A good friend of the opposite sex who grew up together is called "the friendship between bamboo and horse"; Friends who associate as civilians are called "friends of cloth and clothes"; Friends with different generations and different ages are called "forgetting to make friends"; Friends who don't care about their identities or appearances are called "forgetful friends"; Friends who don't change their deep friendship because of the change of nobility and inferiority are called "cars and hats"; Friends who support each other morally are called "gentlemen's friends"; Friends who are like-minded and know each other well are called "friends who have never met each other" ("friends who have never met each other). 5. age appellation: Infant: The original meaning refers to a baby's quilt, and later it refers to a baby under one year of age.
Zhou Xi: refers to the one-year-old baby. Weeping: Children aged three or four to eight or nine (weenies, short hair hanging from the heads of ancient children).
initial stage: refers to the period when children change their teeth at the age of seven or eight. Total Angle: Teenagers aged eight or nine to thirteen or fourteen (in ancient times, children divided their hair into left and right halves and tied them into a knot at the top of their heads, shaped like two horns, so they were called "total angles").
Cardamom: 13-15 years old (Cardamom is a plant that blooms in early summer, which is not yet midsummer, which means that people are still underage, so it is called "cardamom youth"). Bundle hair: the man is fifteen years old (when he is fifteen, the man will dissolve the original total angle and tie it into a bundle).
weak crown: a man is twenty years old (in ancient times, a man was crowned at the age of twenty, indicating that he had reached adulthood, so he was called "weak crown" because he had not yet reached the prime of life). And Li: the man is thirty years old (Li, meaning "standing and determined").
not confused: the man is forty years old (not confused, meaning "not confused or confused"). Know life, half a hundred: male, fifty years old (know life, meaning "knowing destiny").
Hua Jia, Er Shun, Xia Shou: 6 years old. Ancient and rare, middle age: 7 years old.
period I: one hundred years old. Reopening: refers to two flowers, that is, one hundred and twenty years old.
shuangqing: two ancient treasures, namely, one hundred and forty years old. Baidu Encyclopedia-honorific Baidu Encyclopedia-Title. 6. Ancient Specific Appellations
A Complete Collection of Ancient Appellations in China (1) Direct honorifics are commonly used: "Ru, Er, Zi, Er, Gong and Jun".
(2) Some people use nouns as honorifics: "Sir, my son"; Use the place where the other party is located or the people under his command to represent the other party, such as "first step, your majesty, your Excellency, deacon, left and right"; Use official status to address each other, such as "king, doctor, general, son". (3) Adjectives are used to address: respect for the government, respect for the brother, respect for the driver, respect for the wife; A good brother and wife; My dear brother, my dear brother; Your body, your surname, and your Geng; Gao Peng, Gao Qin, Gao Neighbor and Gao Jian; Gifts, masterpieces, and preparations.
2. Modesty: Modesty refers to self-styled modesty, which can be divided into two types: one is "I", which can be divided into four types: one is to use one's own surname or first name to express modesty. The second category is to use "minister, servant, certain person, villain" to claim to be sorry.
The third category is that women often use "concubine, maid, slave, handmaiden" to express their apologies. The fourth category is that the monarch often uses "I am widowed, unwilling and lonely" to express modesty.
The second is to address people related to oneself, which can be divided into three types: one is to use adjectives to show modesty, and the common ones are: foolish brother, foolish brother, foolish opinion and foolish meaning; Our country, our city; Base body, base body, base interest (calling his son in front of the emperor), and wife; My daughter, children, trumpet. Wei Chen; Humble position.
The second is to use verbs to express modesty. The common ones are: stealing thoughts, stealing thoughts and stealing news; Fu Wei (think on the ground, use it when you are talking to your elders) and Fu Wen. The third is to use nouns to show modesty.
When addressing one's elder brother humbly in front of others, use "home", and "my father, my husband, my family respect and my family strictness" can all be used to address one's father; "My mother, my family" refers to my mother; A "brother" refers to his brother. In front of others, we use "She" to address relatives younger than ourselves or lower in seniority. "My younger brother" is my younger brother, and "My nephew" is my nephew.
both "home" and "house" can be translated as "mine". Third, other appellations claim to call themselves in front of others.
emperors call themselves "I", old people call themselves "old men", young people call themselves "younger brothers" in front of the elderly, monks call themselves "poor people" and ordinary people call themselves "me". Modesty belongs to self-assertion.
he called it addressing others. For example, the woman accompanying the bride is called "maid of honor", the aristocratic woman is called "lady", and the "lady" is called the wife of the vassal in ancient times, and later it is used to address the wife of ordinary people, the old man as "old husband" and the young man as "husband".
honorifics belong to others. A contemptuous address is to address others in a contemptuous tone, such as "vertical, boy, woman."
proper names are some established titles. For example, the woodcutter is called "woodcutter", the boatman is called "boat" and the outstanding figure of the country is called "national scholar".
Substitution refers to borrowing other appellations to replace the original appellations, such as "Women" for women, "Liyuan" for troupe and "Lisou" for comedians. Surrogacy belongs to metonymy in rhetoric.
Idiom refers to addressing someone with a customary title.